cells structure & transport review. what is the function of the cell membrane? controls what...
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CELLSStructure &
Transport Review
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters or leaves cell;
When DNA is loosely packed and spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells it is called ____________.chromatin
Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes
prokaryotes
This storage spaceis a ___________.vacuole
http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/Cells/cell93.gif
Tell the 3 of the parts of the cell theory.*All living things are made of cells.*Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism* Cells are produced from existing cells.
Small structure in a cell that performsa specific function
organelle
Name the Cell PEOPLE
German zoologist who
concluded all animals
are made of cells _______________________
English scientist who 1st
saw “little boxes” in cork
and called them cells ___________________
Theodor Schwann
Robert Hooke
Tell which part does it?
Burns glucose ____________________
Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________
Guides chromosomesduring cell division __________________
Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________
Makes proteins ______________________
Contains chromatin ___________________
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Centrioles
Lysosomes
RibosomesNucleus
Name the Cell PEOPLE
American biologist who
provided evidence for
the Endosymbiotic theory ___________________
This theory explains the origins of which cell parts?
_______________ _________________
Lynn Margulis
Mitochondria & chloroplasts
An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote
eukaryote
This organelle isthe ____________Rough ER
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html
Name an organelle that assists withmovement
Cilia OR flagella OR CYTOSKELETON
Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cellbecause it provides energy
mitochondrion
Name the storage space that is larger in plants than animals.
vacuole
Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities
ATP
Cells that have a cell membranebut NOT a nuclear membrane are
________________
prokaryotes
Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center.
nucleus
Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules.
Phospholipids & proteins
Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made.
nucleolus
Membranes that allow certain moleculesto pass through and not others are saidto be ___________________ permeable.Selectively OR semi-
Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism Apoptosis
Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell.
ribosomes
Tell which part does it? Makes lipids
for membranes ____________________
Stores energy as ATP ___________________
Spread out DNA __________________
Modifies & transports proteins
made on its ribosomes ____________________
Regulates calcium levelsin muscle cells ________________
Supports and protectsplant cells ___________________
smooth ERMitochondria
chromatin
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Cell wall
In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin?
dividing non-dividing
Non-dividing
Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside_____________________
Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts
chloroplasts
What’s the function? Mitochondria ____________________
Ribosomes ___________________
Cell wall __________________
Golgi bodies ____________________
Centrioles ________________
Smooth ER ___________________
burn glucose; make ATPMake proteins
support; protectionPackage molecules for storage
or exportGuide chromosomes apart during cell division
Make steroids in gland cells; regulate calcium in muscle cells; Break down toxins in liver
Cell organelles that burnglucose and store energy as ATP.
mitochondria
This structureis a __________Flagellum
(pl. flagella)
Name an organelle that is made of microtubules
Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles
A membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions incell identification is called a____________________glycoprotein
Tell which part does it? Makes ATP ____________________
Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________
Help cell move __________________
Modify, sort, & package
substances for transport _________________
Makes ribosomes ______________________
Control center of cell ___________________
Mitochondria
nuclear envelope
Cilia or flagella
Golgi bodiesnucleolus
Nucleus
Name this part.
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html
According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from photosynthesizing bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells?
chloroplasts
GOLGI BODY
Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
Tell one difference between cilia and flagella.
Cilia- many, shorterFlagella-one or two, longer
Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has a double membrane
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
Give 2 kinds of evidence that support the Endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts: have circular DNA like bacteria divide using binary fission like bacteria have lipids in their inner membranes like bacteria have ribosomes like bacteria
Tell which part does it?
Contains genetic info __________________
Give cell shape/support ____________
Few, long structuresfor locomotion __________________
Provide more surfacearea inside mitochondria _________________
Place for photosynthesis __________________
Large storage space ___________________
Intracellular highway ______________________
nucleuscytoskeleton
flagella
cristaechloroplast
vacuole
Rough ER
Name this part.
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html
According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from aerobic bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells?
mitochondria
Smooth ER
Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called _________ ER.
rough
Membrane bound sac thatcontains digestive enzymes.
lysosome
This organellemakes ATP.
mitochondrion
Because the phospholipids in a cellmembrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________.bilayer
_________ ER does NOT haveribosomes attached
Smooth
The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules andhelps the cell to maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton
The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________.
polar nonpolar
polar
What is the job of the ribosomes?
Make proteins
Pancake-like stack of membranesthat modify, sort, &package substances for transport.
Golgi body
Tell which part does it? Breaks down toxins ____________________
Power plant ___________________
Tightly scrunched up DNA __________________
Allows molecules in &out of nucleus ____________________
Sacs inside chloroplasts ________________
Supports and protectsbacterial cells ___________________
smooth ERMitochondria
chromosomes
Nuclear pores
thylakoids
Cell wall
Name a cell part that
has this 9 + 2
arrangement of
microtubules
Cilia OR flagella
Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material.
nucleus
The folded inner membrane inthe mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the_______________.
cristae
Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________Protein RNA
Which of these proteins is a peripheral protein?
B; sticks on the surface of the membrane
http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm
What is the function of the Rough ER?
Modify and transport molecules madeby its ribosomes
This organelle is a _____________Golgi Body
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm
What’s the function? rough ER ____________________
nucleus ___________________
cytoskeleton __________________
cell membrane ____________________
chloroplast ________________
vacuole ___________________
nucleolus ________________________
modify/transport proteinsContain DNA; control center
support; give shapeControl what enters/leaves cellphotosynthesis
Stores water, food, molecules, wasteMake RNA for ribosomes
A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote
eukaryote
Name the organelle that carries outphotosynthesis.
chloroplast
Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis
thylakoids
Name the folded membranes foundinside mitochondria
cristae
Which of these proteins is an integral protein?
A; sticks INto the membrane
http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm
The many short structures on the top of thiscell are __________cilia
Cells that have a nuclear membraneare called ________________eukaryotes
Describe the pathway a protein like insulin might follow from where it is made until it is secreted by a pancreas cell.
_________→_______→______ →_______Rough ER
Plasmamembrane
Golgiribosomes
Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html
The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________Smooth ER
The cytoskeleton is made of______________ & ______________Microfilaments microtubules
The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________Smooth ER
The cytoskeleton is made of______________ & ______________Microfilaments microtubules
The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside the membrane away from water because it is ______________.
polar nonpolar
Non polar
A = ________________
B = ________________
C = ________________
D= _________________
E= __________________
A
Cell membrane
B
C
DE
Rough ER
nucleusGolgi BodyMitochondrion
Tell what this molecule
does
“self” identification
Tell what this molecule does
Store and transfer energy
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm
Put in order of increasing size:
Organ cell organ system organism tissue
_______ _________ _________
_____________ ______________
cell tissue organ
organ system organism
Name a cell part thatwould use thismolecule
It is an amino acid; ribosomes use it to make proteins
Name the cell part that makes this molecule
mitochondria
Put the following cells in order of decreasing size:
Bacterium Plant cell Animal cell
_________ ________ _________ small smaller smallest
Plant Animal Bacterium
How are the molecules in the cell walls of these organisms different?
Plants Fungi Bacteria
Which of these are EUKARYOTES?
cellulose chitin peptidoglycan
Plants and fungi are eukaryotes . . . So are animals!
True or False
Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane.
FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside
Name one of the functions of Smooth ERMake lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels,Break down toxic substances
Name an organelle that is made up ofCISTERNAE
Golgi bodies
A group of cells that work together tocarry out a specific function are called a _______________tissue
Tell why cells switch their DNA between chromatin and chromosome forms
Chromosomes-tightly packed so easy to move during cell division;
Chromatin-loosely packed andspread out so it is easier to read andget information when cell is “doing its job”
Name this molecule found
in cell membranes
phospholipid
Name this cell part
centriole
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm
http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4a.asp
Name this molecule found
in cell membranes
glycoprotein
Name this molecule
ATP
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm
Image by Riedell
True or FalseBacteria don’t have ribosomes.
False; Yes, they doRibosomes aren’t made of membranes
True or False
Plant cells don’t have centrioles
True; at least we can’t see them
Membrane proteins that help water across a cell membrane
aquaporins
A group of organs that work together tocarry out a specific function are called an _______________Organ system
Name the process by which your fingersand toes formed from paddle-likestructures and your tail disappeared?
apoptosis
http://www.mgm.ufl.edu/images/bharfe/image3.jpg
http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/tail_bud.htm
Centrioles are only seen in__________________________ cells.dividing animal
You would expect to see cristae insidea ________________mitochondrion
Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________
Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles
mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum withoutribosomes attached is called_____________________Smooth ER
A membrane thatlets certain molecules pass
through and not others is called_______________Semi permeable OR
selectively permeable
http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg
The ___________ is the basic unit of life.
cell
What do ribosomes make?
proteins
Process in which cells change and develop into different kinds of cells doing different jobs
Differentiation OR cell specialization
Idea that all living things are made of cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and new cells are produced from existing cells
Cell theory
Molecule found in the cellwalls of fungi that makes them sturdy
chitin
Membrane sacs stacked likepancakes in a Golgi body
cisternae
Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the basic unit of life
cell
Log-like structures that help organizethe spindle and guide the chromosomes apart during cell division in animal cells
centrioles
DNA with attached proteins found spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells
chromatin
Describes molecules that try tostay away from water…means “water fearing”
hydrophobic
Group of different organs working together
organ system
Protein found in cell membraneswhich helps molecules get acrossthe membrane
transport protein
“Walking” proteins that interact with the microtubules in the cytoskeleton to move chromosomes or cell parts
Motor proteins
Protein found on the inside or outside surface of cell membranesPeripheral
proteins
Theory that suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors that were engulfed and stayed to live in an ancient host cell
Endosymbiotic theoryProtein found embedded in the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes;these can go part way or all the way across the membraneintegral
proteins
Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike?
Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes
Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike?
Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes
Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike?
Both: have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes
Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells?
PLANTS ANIMALS
Have cell wall NO cell wallHave chloroplasts No chloroplasts no centrioles have centriolesBig vacuole small vacuole
Tell one way plant cells are different from bacteria cells?
PLANTS BacteriaEukaryotes prokaryotesHave chloroplasts No chloroplastsCellulose peptidoglycan
in cell wall in cell wallBig vacuole no vacuolenucleus no nucleusMembrane bound organelles No membrane bound
organelles
Tell one way animal cells are different from bacteria cells?
Animal BacteriaEukaryotes prokaryotesNo cell wall cell wallvacuole no vacuolenucleus no nucleusMembrane bound organelles No membrane bound
organellesCentrioles no centrioles
Molecules that are dissolved in a liquid are called the __________ SOLUTE
A state that exists when the CONCENTRATION of a substance IS THE SAME throughout a space
equilibrium
http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/Directry.htm
The pressure of water pushing against the cell wall in a plant cell is called ________________ pressure.
What keeps plant cells from bursting when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution?
osmotic
They have a cell wall
The dots in the diagrams below represent solute dissolved in liquid.
LABEL THE LIQUID FOUND OUTSIDE THE CELLS:
HYPERTONIC HYPOTONICISOTONIC
This egg shrank smaller because it was placed in a ______________ liquid.hypertonic
The swelling and bursting of an animal cell when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution
cytolysis
An INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN that provides a passageway/tunnel across the cell membrane through which WATER molecules can moveduring osmosis
Aquaporinshttp://www.spps.kvl.dk/news/0507/Lund4.jpg
Solution in which the
solute concentration outside
the cell is greater than inside
Molecule used by cells to provideenergy for activities
hypertonic
ATP
Solution in which the
solute concentration outside
and inside a cell are EQUALisotonic
Stay the same sizeAnimal cells placed in this solution will ______________
swell and burst shrink stay same size
Process by which water molecules move from higher to lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
osmosis
http://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/lmcgee/membranetransport/aquaporin.gif
This egg grew bigger because it was placed in a ______________ liquid.hypotonic
A membrane thatlets certain molecules pass
through and not others is called_______________Semi-permeable OR
selectively permeable
Image from: http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg
Solution in which the
solute concentration outside
the cell is LESS than inside
Animal cells placed in this liquid will ______________
swell and burst shrink stay same sizehypotonic
swell & burst
iodine
Name the substance that turns blue-black when it reacts with starch
The process by which molecules MOVE from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration
diffusion
http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBooktransp.html
The shrinking away of the cell membrane from the cell wall in a plant cell when placed in a HYPERTONIC environment
plasmolysis
Membrane proteins that help movemolecules across cell membranes are_______ proteinsintegral peripheralintegral
A small membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell used to transport substances around inside a cell
The shrinking of animal cells when placed in a hypertonic solution is called ______________
vesicle
crenation
mass of a dissolved substance in a given volume
concentration
The difference in the concentrationof molecules across a space
Concentration gradient
Image by Riedell
Solution in which the
solute concentration outside
and inside the cell is equal
isotonic
Osmosis and diffusion both move molecules from a______________________ concentration.
lower to higher higher to lower
higher to lower