central place theory
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Central Place Theory. Central Place Theory. Central Place: market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area Theory explains how services are distributed and why a regular pattern of settlements exists - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Central Place Theory
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Central Place Theory• Central Place: market center for
the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area
• Theory explains how services are distributed and why a regular pattern of settlements exists
• German geographer Walter Christaller (1930)
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Note the regularity of spacing between urban centers -- towns. Local lore has it that the distances between towns evolved because it was the distance someone could travel in a day.
The Cumberland Valley of Pennsylvania is a portion of the Great Valley of the Appalachians. Broad valley floor, agricultural, settled in the early-to-mid 1700s
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General Trends
• There will be a regular spatial order in the number of central places of different population sizes.– Few large places– Many small places
• There will be a regular spatial order in the spacing of central places of different population sizes.– Large places relatively farther apart– Small places relatively closer together
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Central Place FunctionsCategories of like services found in a
central place
• Grocery Stores• Gas Stations• Jewelry Stores• Book Stores• Hair Stylists• Auto Dealerships
• Houses of Worship• Schools• Doctors• Dentists• Museums• Concert Halls
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Would you travel farther to buy a new car or the week’s groceries?
To buy a new car
Would you travel farther to go to elementary school or to go to high school?
Would you travel farther to see your family physician or a heart specialist?
To see a heart specialist
To go to high school
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A Hierarchy of Educational
Services
Hamlet:No Schools
Village:Elementary
School
Town:High School
City:College
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Stock Exchange
Sports Stadium
Regional Shopping Mall
Major Department Store
Income Tax Service
Convenience Store
Gas Station
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Each central place function has a:
• Threshold: the minimum number of people needed to support a central place function
• With fewer customers a store cannot afford to stay in business.
• Range: the maximum distance beyond which a person will not travel to purchase a good or service
• Beyond a certain distance people cannot afford the travel costs.
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Optimal Location (for Pizza Shop)
Fig. 12-6: The optimal location for a pizza delivery shop with seven potential customers in a linear settlement (top) and with 99 families in apartment buildings (bottom).
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Supermarket and Convenience Store Market Areas
Fig. 12-8: Market area, range, and threshold for Kroger supermarkets (left) and UDF convenience stores in Dayton, Ohio. Supermarkets have much larger areas and ranges than convenience stores.
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Rank-Size Rule: a country’s nth-largest settlement is 1/n the
population of the largest settlementCity PopulationNew York City 8,391,881Los Angeles 3,831,868Chicago 2,851,268Houston 2,257,926Phoenix 1,593,659Philadelphia 1,547,297San Antonio 1,373,668San Diego 1,306, 300
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Primate City Rule
• The largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
• Primate City=largest city
• Denmark– Copenhagen 1 million– Arhus 200,000
• United Kingdom– London 8 million– Birmingham 2 million
• Thailand– Bangkok 1.5 million– Nonthaburi 250,000
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McDonald’s locations in Lincoln, Nebraska.
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McDonald’s locations in Lincoln, Nebraska.