ceo0534- fully automated drilling machine -new

8/12/2019 Ceo0534- Fully Automated Drilling Machine -New

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FABRICATION OF FULLY

AUTOMATED DRILLING MACHINE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

RAJESH.R 090111505031

ADARSH.S.P 090111505002

PRINCE.M 090111505501

VISHNU.C.M 090111505047

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ARCHANA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

THIMMAPURAM, KRISHNAGIRI 635112


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FULLY AUTOMATED DRILLING MACHINE


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CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE

SYNOPSIS

LIST OF FIGURES

NOMENCLATURE

1 Introduction

2 Literature reie!

3 "e#cri$tion o% e&ui$'ent#

3(1 Pneu'atic rotor 3(2 )a*e#

3(3 Ho#e#

3(+ onnector

3(5 ontro* unit

3(6 Pre##ure Gau-e

3(. S$ur -ear

3(/ Ste$$er 'otor

3(0 "ri**in- ead

3(1 Li'it# #!itc+ "e#i-n and dra!in-

+(1 Pneu'atic co'$onent# and S$eci%ication

+(2 "e#i-n ca*cu*ation

5 or4in- $rinci$*e

6 Merit# and de'erit#

. A$$*ication#

/ Li#t o% 'ateria*#

0 o#t #ti'ation

1 onc*u#ioni7*io-ra$8

$oto-ra$8


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LIST OF FIGURES

F$%&'(

N&)*(' T$+,(

1 Pi#ton Rod

2 Pi#ton3 "ou7*e actin- $neu'atic c8*inder

+ So*enoid a*e

5 T9Tu7e# and Reducer

6 o'$re##or

. uc4 and 4e8

/ "ri** 7it


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0 Air dri**er

1 :era** "ia-ra'

NOMENCLATURE

A ;Area o% c8*inder


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SYNOPSIS

In #'a**9#ca*e indu#trie# and auto'atic 'aintenance #o$#, tere are

%re&uent need# o% ti-tenin- and *oo#enin- in #cre!#, dri**in-, 7orin-( 8

ti# conce$t !e can aciee our indu#tria* re&uire'ent#( Te 'ain o7ectie

o% our $roect i# to $er%or' ariou# 'acinin- o$eration# u#in-B auto %eed

'ecani#'B in dri**in- 'acine !it te e*$ o% 'otor( >or a dee*o$in-

indu#tr8 te o$eration $er%or'ed and te $art#


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to run $ro%ita7i*it8( In ti# arran-e'ent 'otor i# a*#o u#ed %or inde?in-

$ur$o#e(

(

INTRODUCTION

Te 'ain o7ectie o% our $roect i# to $er%or' ariou# 'acine

o$eration# u#in- 'acine !it te e*$ o% $neu'atic #ource#( >or a

dee*o$in- indu#tr8 te o$eration $er%or'ed and te $art#


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P*a8ed a 'ore i'$ortant ro*e in te dee*o$'ent o% $neu'atic tecno*o-8

%or auto'ation(

Pneu'atic #8#te'# o$erate on a #u$$*8 o% co'$re##ed air !ic 'u#t

7e 'ade aai*a7*e in #u%%icient &uantit8 and at a $re##ure to #uit te ca$acit8

o% te #8#te'( en te $neu'atic #8#te' i# 7ein- ado$ted %or te %ir#t

ti'e, o!eer it !i**# indeed te nece##ar8 to dea* !it te &ue#tion o%

co'$re##ed air #u$$*8(

Te 4e8 $art o% an8 %aci*it8 %or #u$$*8 o% co'$re##ed air i# 78 'ean#

u#in- reci$rocatin- co'$re##or( A co'$re##or i# a 'acine tat ta4e# in air,

-a# at a certain $re##ure and de*iered te air at a i- $re##ure(

o'$re##or ca$acit8 i# te actua* &uantit8 o% air co'$re##ed and

de*iered and te o*u'e e?$re##ed i# tat o% tat o% te air at inta4e

condition# na'e*8 at at'o#$ere $re##ure and nor'a* a'7ient te'$erature(

Te co'$re##i7i*it8 o% te air !a# %ir#t ine#ti-ated 78 Ro7ot o8*e in

1062 and tat %ound tat te $roduct o% $re##ure and o*u'e# o% $articu*ar

&uantit8 o% -a#(

Te u#ua* !ritten a#

P) ;


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%actorie# and $*ant# a*read8 ae a co'$re##ed air #8#te', !ic i# ca$a7*e

o% $roidin- te $o!er


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PRODUCTION OF COMPRESSED AIR

Pneu'atic #8#te'# o$erate on a #u$$*8 o% co'$re##ed air, !ic 'u#t 7e

'ade aai*a7*e( In #u%%icient &uantit8 and at a $re##ure to #uit te ca$acit8 o%

te #8#te'( en $neu'atic #8#te' i# 7ein- ado$ted %or te %ir#t ti'e,

o!eer it !i**# indeed te nece##ar8 to dea* !it te &ue#tion o%

co'$re##ed air #u$$*8(

Te 4e8 $art o% an8 %aci*it8 %or #u$$*8 o% co'$re##ed air i# 78 'ean# u#in-

reci$rocatin- co'$re##or( A co'$re##or i# a 'acine tat ta4e# in air, -a# at

a certain $re##ure and de*iered te air at a i- $re##ure( o'$re##or

ca$acit8 i# te actua* &uantit8 o% air co'$re##ed and de*iered and te

o*u'e e?$re##ed i# tat o% te air

At inta4e condition# na'e*8 at at'o#$ere $re##ure and nor'a* a'7ient

te'$erature(

*ean condition o% te #uction air i# one o% te %actor#, !ic decide# te *i%e

o% a co'$re##or( ar' and 'oi#t #uction air !i** re#u*t increa#ed

$reci$itation o% conden#e %ro' te co'$re##ed air(

COMPRESSOR MAY BE CLASSIFIED IN T-O GENERAL TYPES.

1( Po#itie di#$*ace'ent co'$re##or

2( Tur7o co'$re##or

Po#itie di#$*ace'ent co'$re##or# are 'o#t %re&uent*8 e'$*o8ed %or

o'$re##ed air $*ant and ae $roed i-*8 #ucce##%u* and #u$$*8 air %or

$neu'atic contro* a$$*ication(

Te t8$e# o% $o#itie co'$re##or

1( Reci$rocatin- t8$e co'$re##or

2( Rotar8 t8$e co'$re##or


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Tur7o co'$re##or# are e'$*o8ed !ere *ar-e o% air re&uired at *o!

di#car-e $re##ure#( Te8 cannot attain $re##ure nece##ar8 %or $neu'atic

contro* a$$*ication un*e## 7ui*t in 'u*ti#ta-e de#i-n# and are #e*do'

encountered in $neu'atic #erice(

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS

ui*t %or eiter #tationar8


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adanced into te !or4$iece, 'ateria* i# re'oed in te %or' o% ci$# tat

'oe a*on- te %*uted #an4 o% te dri**( :ne #tud8 #o!ed tat dri**in-

account# %or near*8 0 o% a** ci$# $roduced(

ULTIMATE AIM

Te auto'atic dri**in- 'acine


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'a?i'u', !en te c*utc !a# en-a-ed and te co'$re##or !a#

runnin-

Modern er#ion# u#e rotar8 co'$re##or# and ae 'ore #o$i#ticated

aria7*e -oernor#( Te unit i# u#ua**8 'ounted on a trai*er and #o'eti'e#

inc*ude# an e*ectrica* -enerator to #u$$*8 *i-t# or e*ectric $o!er too*#(

Ma4er# o% $orta7*e co'$re##or #o*d in te UK inc*ude At*a# o$co,

o'$Air and In-er#o** Rand(

DRILLING MACHINE

Ma?i'u' *oad o7tained to!ard te !or4$iece trou- te $neu'atic

c8*inder ; 0$#i

PNEUMATIC DRILL /OR0 PNEUMATIC GUN

Genera* "ut8,

uc4 a$acit8 3@/ In, HP (33,

>ree S$eed 21 RPM,

Aera-e >M /(,

Re&uired Pre##ure 0 PSI,

Air In*et NPT 1@+ In,

Mini'u' Ho#e 3@/ In,

Len-t 6 1@/ In,

Reer#in-, "ri** uc4 T8$e Ke8ed, Tu'7 :$erated >or!ard and Reer#e

S!itc, Inc*ude# uc4 Ke8

P(&)+$ ,$('

An air c8*inder i# an o$eratie deice in !ic te #tate in$ut ener-8

o% co'$re##ed air i(e($enua'tic $o!er i# conerted into 'ecanica* :ut$ut

$o!er, 78 reducin- te $re##ure o% te air to tat o% te at'o#$ere(


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3(1(1a= #in-*e actin- c8*inder

Sin-*e actin- c8*inder i# on*8 ca$a7*e o% $er%or'in- an o$eratin-

'ediu' in on*8 one direction( Sin-*e actin- c8*inder# e&ui$$ed !it one

in*et %or te o$eratin- air $re##ure, can 7e $roduction in #eera*

%unda'enta**8 di%%erent de#i-n#( Sin-*e c8*inder# "ee*o$ $o!er in one

direction on*8(

Tere%ore no ea8 contro* e&ui$'ent #ou*d 7e attaced to te',

!ic re&uire# to 7e 'oed on te $i#ton return #tro4e #in-*e action c8*inder

re&uire# on*8 a7out a*% te air o*u'e con#u'ed 78 a dou7*e actin- %or one

o$eratin- c8c*e(

3.1.1 B0 D6&*,( +$% C,$('

A dou7*e actin- c8*inder i# e'$*o8ed in contro* #8#te'# !it te %u**

$neu'atic cu#ionin- and it i# e##entia* !en te c8*inder it#e*% i# re&uired

to retard ea8 'e##e#( Ti# can on*8 7e done at te end $o#ition# o% te

$i#ton #tro4e( In a** inter'ediate $o#ition a #e$arate e?terna**8 'ounted

cu#ionin- derie 'o#t 7e $roided !it te da'$in- %eature(

Te nor'a* e#ca$e o% air i# out o%% 78 a cu#ionin- $i#ton 7e%ore te

end o% te #tro4e i# re&uired( A# a re#u*t te #it in te cu#ionin- ca'7er i#

a-ain co'$re##ed #ince it cannot e#ca$e 7ut #*o!*8 accordin- to te #ettin-

'ade on reer#e#( Te air %ree*8 enter# te c8*inder and te $i#ton #tro4e# in

te oter direction at %u**

>orce and e*ocit8(


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3(2 GN)A HL MHANISM

Te G((8 '$8( or M,+(( '6 i# a -ear'ecani#' tat tran#*ate# a

continuou# rotation into an inter'ittent rotar8 'otion( Te rotatin- drie

!ee* a# a $in tat reace# into a #*ot o% te drien !ee* adancin- it 78

one #te$( Te drie !ee* a*#o a# a rai#ed circu*ar 7*oc4in- di#c tat *oc4#

te drien !ee* in $o#ition 7et!een #te$#(

B9%'6&

Te na'e derie# %ro' te deice# ear*ie#t a$$*ication in 'ecanica*

!atce#, S!itCer*and and Genea 7ein- an i'$ortant center o%

!atc'a4in-( Te -enea drie i# a*#o co''on*8 ca**ed a Ma*te#e cro##

'ecani#' due to te i#ua* re#e'7*ance(

In te 'o#t co''on arran-e'ent, te drien !ee* a# %our #*ot# and tu#

adance# %or eac rotation o% te drie !ee* 78 one #te$ o% 0 J( I% te
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_crosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_crosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)


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drien !ee* a# n #*ot#, it adance# 78 36J@n $er %u** rotation o% te drie

!ee*(

ecau#e te 'ecani#' need# to 7e !e** *u7ricated, it i# o%ten enc*o#ed in an

oi* ca$#u*e(

U( ::,$+$6

:ne a$$*ication o% te Genea drie i# in 'oie $roector# te %i*' doe# not

run continuou#*8 trou- te $roector( In#tead, te %i*' i# adanced %ra'e

78 %ra'e, eac %ra'e #tandin- #ti** in %ront o% te *en# %or 1@2+ o% a #econd


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Genea !ee*# ain- te %or' o% te drien !ee* !ere a*#o u#ed in

'ecanica* !atce#, 7ut not in a drie, rater to *i'it te ten#ion o% te

#$rin-, #uc tat it !ou*d o$erate on*8 in te ran-e !ere it# e*a#tic %orcei#

near*8 *inear( I% one o% te #*ot# o% te drien !ee* i# occ*uded, te nu'7er

o% rotation# te drie !ee* can 'a4e i# *i'ited( In !atce#, te drie

!ee* i# te one tat !ind# u$ te #$rin-, and te Genea !ee* !it %our or

%ie #$o4e# and one c*o#ed #*ot $reent# oer!indin-


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3.3 DC MOTORS


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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

In an8 e*ectric 'otor, o$eration i# 7a#ed on #i'$*e e*ectro'a-neti#'(

A current9carr8in- conductor -enerate# a 'a-netic %ie*d !en ti# i# ten

$*aced in an e?terna* 'a-netic %ie*d, it !i** e?$erience a %orce $ro$ortiona*

to te currentin te conductor, and to te #tren-t o% te e?terna* 'a-netic

%ie*d( A# 8ou are !e** a!are o% %ro' $*a8in- !it 'a-net# a# a 4id, o$$o#ite


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er8 " 'otor a# #i? 7a#ic $art# 99 a?*e, rotor


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e?i7it a i- a'ount o% tor&ue ri$$*e


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A %e! tin-# %ro' ti# 99 na'e*8, one $o*e i# %u**8 ener-iCed at a ti'e


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Tere# $ro7a7*8 no 7etter !a8 to #ee o! an aera-e " 'otor i# $ut

to-eter, tan 78 u#t o$enin- one u$( Un%ortunate*8 ti# i# tediou# !or4, a#

!e** a# re&uirin- te de#truction o% a $er%ect*8 -ood 'otor(

Te -ut# o% a di#a##e'7*ed Ma7uci >>939PN 'otor ir#t o%%, te iron core $roide# a

#tron-, ri-id #u$$ort %or te !indin-# 99 a $articu*ar*8 i'$ortantcon#ideration %or i-9tor&ue 'otor#( Te core a*#o conduct# eat a!a8

%ro' te rotor !indin-#, a**o!inte 'otor to 7e drien arder tan 'i-t

oter!i#e 7e te ca#e( Iron core con#truction i# a*#o re*atie*8 ine?$en#ie

co'$ared !it oter con#truction t8$e#(

ut iron core con#truction a*#o a# #eera* di#adanta-e#( Te iron ar'ature

a# a re*atie*8 i- inertia !ic *i'it# 'otor acce*eration( Ti#

con#truction a*#o re#u*t# in i- !indin- inductance# !ic *i'it 7ru# and

co''utator *i%e(

In #'a** 'otor#, an a*ternatie de#i-n i# o%ten u#ed !ic %eature# a

core*e## ar'ature !indin-( Ti# de#i-n de$end# u$on te coi* !ire it#e*% %or

#tructura* inte-rit8( A# a re#u*t, te ar'ature i# o**o!, and te $er'anent

'a-net can 7e 'ounted $$( te rotor coi*( ore*e## " 'otor# ae

'uc *o!er ar'ature inductancetan iron9core 'otor# o% co'$ara7*e #iCe,

e?tendin- 7ru# and co''utator *i%e(
http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://www.solarbotics.com/order/default.asp?ACTION=CAT&CATID=8#tar42http://www.solarbotics.com/http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/torque.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/inductance.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/inductance.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://www.solarbotics.com/order/default.asp?ACTION=CAT&CATID=8#tar42http://www.solarbotics.com/http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/torque.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/inductance.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/inductance.html


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Te core*e## de#i-n a*#o a**o!# 'anu%acturer# to 7ui*d #'a**er 'otor#

'ean!i*e, due to te *ac4 o% iron in teir rotor#, core*e## 'otor# are

#o'e!at $rone to oereatin-( A# a re#u*t, ti# de#i-n i# -enera**8 u#ed u#t

in #'a**, *o!9$o!er 'otor#( ea'er# !i** 'o#t o%ten #ee core*e## "

'otor# in te %or' o% $a-er 'otor#(

A-ain, di#a##e'7*in- a core*e## 'otor can 7e in#tructie 99 in ti# ca#e, '8

a$*e## icti' !a# a cea$ $a-er i7rator 'otor( Te -ut# o% ti#

di#a##e'7*ed 'otor are aai*a7*e


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o% o$eration( Lo! %riction 7earin-# are o%ten i'$ortant %or e%%icienc8, to

reduce !ear and to %aci*itate i- #$eed#( ##entia**8, a 7earin- can reduce

%riction 78 irtue o% it# #a$e, 78 it# 'ateria*, or 78 introducin- and

containin- a %*uid 7et!een #ur%ace#( 8 #a$e, -ain# adanta-e u#ua**8 78

u#in- #$ere# or ro**er#( 8 'ateria*, e?$*oit# te nature o% te 7earin-

'ateria* u#ed( S*idin- 7earin-#, u#ua**8 ca**ed 7u#e# 7u#in-# ourna*

7earin-# #*eee 7earin-# ri%*e 7earin-# or $*ain 7earin-#( Ro**in-9e*e'ent

7earin-# #uc a# 7a** 7earin-# and ro**er 7earin-#( Oe!e* 7earin-#, in !ic

te *oad i# carried 78 ro**inte a?*e #*i-t*8 o%%9center(

>*uid 7earin-# in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 a -a# or *i&uid(

Ma-netic 7earin-# in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 a 'a-netic %ie*d( >*e?ure

7earin-#, in !ic te 'otion i# #u$$orted 78 a *oad e*e'ent !ic 7end#(

earin-# ar8 -reat*8 oer te %orce# and #$eed# tat te8 can #u$$ort(

>orce# can 7e radia*, a?ia*


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C6))6

8 %ar, te 'o#t co''on 7earin- i# te$*ain 7earin-, a 7earin- !ic u#e#

#ur%ace# in ru77in- contact, o%ten !it a *u7ricant#uc a# oi* or -ra$ite( A

$*ain 7earin- 'a8 or 'a8 not 7e a di#cretedeice( It 'a8 7e notin- 'ore

tan te7earin- #ur%aceo% a o*e !it a #a%t $a##in- trou- it, or o% a

$*anar #ur%ace tat7ear#anoter


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P'$$:,( 6; 6:('+$6

Ani'ation o% 7a** 7earin-

Note tat te red dot# 'eet eer8 1(5 reo*ution#

Tere are at *ea#t #i? co''on $rinci$*e# o% o$eration

$*ain 7earin-, a*#o 4no!n 78 te #$eci%ic #t8*e# 7u#in-#, ourna*

7earin-#, #*eee 7earin-#, ri%*e 7earin-#

ro**in-9e*e'ent 7earin-# #uc a# 7a** 7earin-# and ro**er 7earin-#

e!e* 7earin-#, in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 ro**inte a?*e #*i-t*8

o%%9center

%*uid 7earin-#, in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 a -a# or *i&uid

'a-netic 7earin-#, in !ic te *oad i# carried 78 a 'a-netic %ie*d

%*e?ure 7earin-#, in !ic te 'otion i# #u$$orted 78 a *oad e*e'ent

!ic 7end#(
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewel_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexure_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BallBearing.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BallBearing.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewel_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_bearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexure_bearing


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M6+$6

o''on 'otion# $er'itted 78 7earin-# are

a?ia* rotation e(-( #a%t rotation

*inear 'otion e(-( dra!er

#$erica* rotation e(-( 7a** and #oc4et oint

in-e 'otion e(-( door, e*7o!, 4nee

3.5.LEAD SCRE-

A ,('(


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to 7e 'ore e%%icient( A i-er $er%or'in- 7ut 'ore e?$en#ie a*ternatie i#

te7a** #cre!(

Te i- interna* %riction 'ean# tat *ead#cre! #8#te'# are not u#ua**8

ca$a7*e o% continuou# o$eration at i- #$eed, a# te8 !i** oereat( "ue to

inerent*8 i- #tiction, te t8$ica* #cre! i# #e*%9*oc4in-


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Te adanta-e# o% a *ead#cre! are

Lar-e *oad carr8in- ca$a7i*it8

o'$act

Si'$*e to de#i-n

a#8 to 'anu%acture no #$ecia*iCed 'aciner8 i# re&uired

Lar-e 'ecanica* adanta-e

Preci#e and accurate *inear 'otion

S'oot, &uiet, and *o! 'aintenance Mini'a* nu'7er o% $art#

Mo#t are #e*%9*oc4in-

3.". CONTROL UNIT

In $neu'atic 'u*ti$ur$o#e deice i# an air9o$erated deice u#ed %or

'an8 #'a** o$eration#( It i# a $orta7*e one( o'$re##ed air i# te #ource o%

ener-8 %or ti# deice( Te co'$re##ed air i# a**o!ed trou- te noCC*e(

Here te co'$re##ed air %*o! %ro' te co'$re##or %ir#t*8 enter# te ontro*

unit( In te contro* unit te $re##ure o% te air i# contro**ed unit te $re##ure(

Ten te $re##ure i# read 78 a $re##ure -au-e(


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3.7. DRILLING HEAD

SPINDLE

In 'anu%acturin- and too* 'a4in-, #$ind*e i# a -enera* ter' %or te

'ain rotatin- a?i#o% a 'acine too*, !ic u#ua**8 a# a #a%tat it# eart(

Te #a%t it#e*% i# ca**ed a #$ind*e, 7ut a*#o, in #o$9%*oor $ractice, te !ord

o%ten i# u#ed 'eton8'ica**8to re%er to te entire rotar8 unit, inc*udin- not

on*8 te #a%t it#e*%, 7ut it# 7earin-# and an8tin- attaced to it

!ic #a$ed cutter# are 'ounted %or cuttin- %eature#


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Mountin- te cuc4 on te #$ind*e can 7e a 7it tric48 #ince te nut#

'u#t 7e in#erted and #tarted onto te cuc4 'ountin- #tud# in te narro!

#$ace 7et!een te 7ac4 o% te #$ind*e $*ate and te %ront o% te ead#toc4

ca#tin-( I' not a 7i- -u8

Te ti-tenin- action o% ti# cuc4 #t8*e i# $er%or'ed 78 t!i#tin- te

7od8 u#in- %ir' and $re##ure on*8( i*e conenient, ti# %eature can

cau#e te cun4 to *oo#en i% too 'uc tor&uei# a$$*ied(

Te i'a-e# #o! te traditiona* 4e8ed #t8*e o% dri** cuc4 !it it#

4e8( Te ar7or i# #o!n #e$arate*8 to te ri-t( Te#e cuc4# re&uire a 4e8

to $roide te nece##ar8 tor&ue to ti-ten and *oo#en te a!#( Te rotar8

action o% te 4e8 turn# te outer 7od8 !ic act# on an interna* #cre! ti# in

turn 'oe# te treaded a!# in or out a*on- a ta$ered #ur%ace( Te ta$er

a**o!# te a!# to enco'$a## ariou# #iCe# o% dri** #an4#( Te end ie!

#o!# te tree #'a** a!# tat #*ide !itin te 7od8(

So'e i- $reci#ion cuc4# u#e 7a** tru#t 7earin-# to reduce %riction in te

c*o#in- 'ecani#' and 'a?i'iCin- dri**in- tor&ue( Te#e cuc4# are

#o'eti'e# re%erred to a# #u$er cuc4#(

DRILL BIT

"ri** 7it# are cuttin- too*# u#ed to create c8*indrica* o*e#( it# are

e*d in a too* ca**ed a dri**, !ic rotate# te' and $roide# tor&ueand a?ia*

%orce to create te o*e( S$ecia*iCed 7it# are a*#o aai*a7*e %or non9

c8*indrica*9#a$edo*e#(
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_triangle


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Ti# artic*e de#cri7e# te t8$e# o% dri** 7it# in ter'# o% te de#i-n o% te

cutter( Te oter end o% te dri** 7it, te #an4, i# de#cri7ed in te dri** 7it

#an4artic*e( "ri** 7it# co'e in #tandard #iCe#, de#cri7ed in te dri** 7it #iCe#

artic*e( A co'$reen#ie dri** and ta$ #iCe cart *i#t# 'etric and i'$eria*

#iCed dri**# a*on-#ide te re&uired #cre! ta$ #iCe#(

Te ter' dri** can re%er to a dri**in- 'acine, or can re%er to a dri** 7it %or

u#e in a dri**in- 'acine( In ti# artic*e, %or c*arit8, dri** 7it or 7it i# u#ed

trou-out to re%er to a 7it %or u#e in a dri**in- 'acine, and dri** re%er#

a*!a8# to a dri**in- 'acine(

T-IST DRILL

Te t!i#t dri** 7it i# te t8$e $roduced in *ar-e#t &uantit8 toda8( It

dri**# o*e# in 'eta*, $*a#tic, and !ood( A dri** 'ade in te 'anner ere in

de#cri7ed !i** 'a4e a $er%ect*8 #trai-t o*e( It !i** not dier-e %ro' it#

cour#e !i*e $a##in- trou- 7*o! o*e# or #o%t and ard $*ace#( Te ed-e

actua**8 cut# te 'eta*, tu# di'ini#inte %riction and !ear o% te ed-e(

Te 7orin-# or ci$# are di#car-ed %ree*8, and te ed-e i# #tron-e#t at te

$eri$er8, !ere te #train i# -reate#t(

Te Mecanic "ri**# u#ed !ide*8 78 endor# to %urter de#cri7e te

*en-t o% te dri** it#e*%( Te actua* *en-t ? dia'eter 'u#t 7e %ound and

$u7*i#ed(

MATERIALS FOR BIT CONSTRUCTION
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_sizeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_and_tap_size_charthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_shankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit_sizeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_and_tap_size_charthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial


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STEELS

So%t *o! car7on #tee*7it# are u#ed on*8 in !ood, a# te8 do not o*d

an ed-e !e** and re&uire %re&uent #ar$enin-( or4in- !it ard!ood#can

cau#e a noticea7*e reduction in *i%e#$an( Te8 are ine?$en#ie !en

co'$ared to oter too*# !it a *on-er *i%e(

Hi- car7on #tee* 7it# are 'ade %ro' i- car7on #tee*and are an

i'$roe'ent on $*ain #tee* due to te ardenin- and te'$erin-ca$a7i*itie#

o% te 'ateria*( Te#e 7it# can 7e u#ed on !ood or 'eta*, o!eer te8 ae

a *o! to*erance to e?ce##ie eat !ic cau#e# te' to *o#e teir te'$er,re#u*tin- in a #o%t cuttin- ed-e(

Hi- #$eed #tee*


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on*8 in #'a**er $iece# #cre!ed or 7raCed onto te ti$ o% te 7it( It i#

7eco'in- co''on in o7 #o$# to u#e #o*id car7ide dri**#, and in certain

indu#trie#, 'o#t nota7*8 Pdri**#, it a# 7een co''on$*ace %or a *on-

ti'e(

Po*8cr8#ta**ine dia'ond


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conentiona**8 'anu%actured and #toc4ed( >or e?a'$*e, riti# Standard S

32/ de%ine# #iCe# %ro' (2 '' to 25( ''(

In #'a**er #iCe#, 7it# are aai*a7*e in #'a**er dia'eter incre'ent#( Ti#

re%*ect# 7ot te #'a**er dri**ed o*e dia'eter to*erance $o##i7*e on #'a**er

o*e#, and a*#o te !i#e# o% de#i-ner# to ae dri** 7it #iCe# aai*a7*e !itin

at 'o#t 1 o% an ar7itrar8 #iCe o*e(

Te $rice and aai*a7i*it8 o% $articu*ar #iCe 7it# doe# not can-e uni%or'*8

acro## te #iCe ran-e( it# at #iCe incre'ent# o% 1 '' are 'o#t co''on*8

aai*a7*e and *o!e#t $rice( Set# o% 7it# in 1 '' incre'ent# 'i-t 7e %oundon a 'ar4et #ta**( In (5 '' incre'ent#, an8 ard!are #tore( In (1 ''

incre'ent#, an8 en-ineer# #tore( Set# are not co''on*8 aai*a7*e in #'a**er

#iCe incre'ent#, e?ce$t %or dri** 7it# 7e*o! 1 '' dia'eter( "ri** 7it# o% te

*e## routine*8 u#ed #iCe#, #uc a# 2(55 '', !ou*d ae to 7e ordered %ro' a

#$ecia*i#t dri** 7it #u$$*ier( Ti# #u7 #ettin- o% #tandard #iCe# i# in contra#t to

-enera* $ractice !it nu'7er -au-e dri** 7it#, !ere it i# rare to %ind a #et on

te 'ar4et !ic doe# not contain eer8 -au-e(

Metric di'en#ionin- i# routine*8 u#ed %or dri** 7it# o% a** t8$e#, a*tou- te

detai*# o% S32/ a$$*8 on*8 to t!i#t dri** 7it#( >or e?a'$*e, a #et o% %ore#ter

7it#'a8 contain 1, 15, 2, 25 and 3 '' dia'eter cutter#(

DRILL BIT SHAN=

Te #an4 i# te $art o% a dri** 7it-ra#$ed 78 te cuc4o% a dri**( Te

cuttin- ed-e# o% te dri** 7it are at one end, and te #an4 i# at te oter(
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit#Forstner_Drill_Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit#Forstner_Drill_Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit#Forstner_Drill_Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bit#Forstner_Drill_Bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_bithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill


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"i%%erent #t8*e# o% #an4@cuc4 co'7ination de*ier di%%erent $er%or'ance,

#uc a# a**o!in- i-er tor&ue or -reater centerin- accurac8(

STRAIGHT SHAN=

Te #trai-t #an4 i# te 'o#t u#ua* #t8*e on 'odern dri** 7it#, 78 nu'7er

'anu%actured( It i# 'o#t o%ten 'ade te #a'e dia'eter a# te dri** 7it, %or

econo'8( It# ten e*d in a 39a! dri** cuc4( )er8 #'a** 7it# can ae

#trai-t #an4# *ar-er tan te dri** dia'eter, o%ten %or o*din- in a #tandard

#iCe co**et( Lar-e dri** 7it# can ae #trai-t #an4# #'a**er tan teir dri**

dia'eter, #o tat 'ediu'9#iCe cuc4# can 7e u#ed to dri** *ar-e o*e#( Suc adri** 7it i# ca**ed reduced9#an4 or a 7*ac4#'it# dri**( :ne $articu*ar t8$e o%

reduced9#an4 dri** 7it# are Si*er F "e'in-


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SPEED MEASUREMENT USING PRO>IMITY

P'6@$)$+ (6'

Inductie $ro?i'it8 #en#or# are !ide*8 u#ed in ariou# a$$*ication# to

detect 'eta* deice#( Te8 can 7e u#ed in ariou# eniron'ent#


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C$'&$+ ('$:+$6

Te !ee* t8$e 'eta* rod i# %i?ed in te 'otor #a%t( Te $ro?i'it8

#en#or i# $*aced near te #a%t( en te #a%t i# rotatin-, te 'eta* rod i#

cro##ed te $ro?i'it8 #en#or# #e&uentia**8( So te #en#or -ie# te $u*#e to

te 'icrocontro**er( No! te 'icrocontro**er count# te $u*#e( 8 u#in- ti#

$u*#e count !e can %ind reo*ution $er 'inute !ic i# e&ua* to #$eed o% te

'icrocontro**er(

RLA


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A re*a8 i# an e*ectrica**8 o$erated #!itc( urrent %*o!in- trou- te

coi* o% te re*a8 create# a 'a-netic %ie*d !ic attract# a *eer and can-e#

te #!itc contact#( Te coi* current can 7e on or o%% #o re*a8# ae t!o

#!itc $o#ition# and te8 are dou7*e tro! or e?a'$*e a *o! o*ta-e 7atter8 circuit can u#e a

re*a8 to #!itc a 23) A 'ain# circuit( Tere i# no e*ectrica* connectionin#ide te re*a8 7et!een te t!o circuit# te *in4 i# 'a-netic and

'ecanica*(

Te coi* o% a re*a8 $a##e# a re*atie*8 *ar-e current, t8$ica**8 3'A

%or a 12) re*a8, 7ut it can 7e a# 'uc a# 1'A %or re*a8# de#i-ned to

o$erate %ro' *o!er o*ta-e#( Mo#t I#


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Re*a8# are u#ua**8 SP"T or "P"T 7ut te8 can ae 'an8 'ore #et#

o% #!itc contact#, %or e?a'$*e re*a8# !it + #et# o% can-eoer contact# are

readi*8 aai*a7*e( Mo#t re*a8# are de#i-ned %or P 'ountin- 7ut 8ou can

#o*der !ire# direct*8 to te $in# $roidin- 8ou ta4e care to aoid 'e*tin- te

$*a#tic ca#e o% te re*a8( Te ani'ated $icture #o!# a !or4in- re*a8 !it

it# coi* and #!itc contact#( ou can #ee a *eer on te *e%t 7ein- attracted 78

'a-neti#' !en te coi* i# #!itced on( Ti# *eer 'oe# te #!itc

contact#( Tere i# one #et o% contact#


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N: ; Nor'a**8 :$en, :M i# connected to ti# !en te re*a8 coi* i#

on(

IRUIT "SRIPTI:N

Ti# circuit i# de#i-ned to contro* te *oad( Te *oad 'a8 7e 'otor

or an8 oter *oad( Te *oad i# turned :N and :>> trou- re*a8( Te re*a8

:N and :>> i# contro**ed 78 te $air o% #!itcin- tran#i#tor#


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DESIGN OF EUIPMENT AND DRA-ING

4.1 PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS AND ITS SPECIFICATION

Te auto'atic dri**in- 'acine con#i#t# o% te %o**o!in- co'$onent#

to %u** %i** te re&uire'ent# o% co'$*ete o$eration o% te 'acine(

1( $neu'atic rotor

2( So*enoid a*e

3( >*o! contro* a*e

+( onnector#

5( Ho#e#

6(dc 'otor

1. D6&*,( +$% :(&)+$ ,$('

T($, D+

Stro4e *en-t c8*inder #tro4e *en-t 1'' ;(1'

Pi#ton rod 1'' ;1 193'

Quantit8 1

Sea*# Nitride


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o(d o% te -ear ;3''

Tic4ne## o% -ear;1''

P(&)+$ &$+

T8$e o% c8*inder "ou7*e actin- c8*inder

T8$e o% a*e %*o! contro* a*e F#o*enoid a*e

Ma? air $re##ure / ?15N@'2

4.2. DESIGN CALCULATION

Ma? $re##ure a$$*ied in te c8*inder orce e?erted in te $i#ton = Pre##ure# a$$*ied area

:% c8*inder(


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DRA-ING


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DRA-ING FOR FABRICATION OF FULLY AUTOMATED

DRILLING MACHINE

BLOC= DIAGRAM


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MERITS AND DEMERITS

MERITS

It reduce# te 'anua* !or4

Quic4 o$eration

Accurac8 i# 'ore

ircu*ar dri**in- can 7e acieed

DEMERITS

Initia* ine#t'ent i# i-


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LIST OF MATERIALS

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS

Te ariou# %actor# !ic deter'ine te coice o% 'ateria* are

di#cu##ed 7e*o!(

1. P'6:('+$(

Te 'ateria* #e*ected 'u#t $o##e# te nece##ar8 $ro$ertie# %or te

$ro$o#ed a$$*ication( Te ariou# re&uire'ent# to 7e #ati#%ied

an 7e !ei-t, #ur%ace %ini#, ri-idit8, a7i*it8 to !it#tand eniron'enta*

attac4 %ro' ce'ica*#, #erice *i%e, re*ia7i*it8 etc(

Te %o**o!in- %our t8$e# o% $rinci$*e $ro$ertie# o% 'ateria*#

deci#ie*8 a%%ect teir #e*ection

a( P8#ica*

7( Mecanica*c( >ro' 'anu%acturin- $oint o% ie!

d( e'ica*

Te ariou# $8#ica* $ro$ertie# concerned are 'e*tin- $oint, ter'a*

onductiit8, #$eci%ic eat, coe%%icient o% ter'a* e?$an#ion, #$eci%ic

-rait8, e*ectrica* conductiit8, 'a-netic $ur$o#e# etc(

Te ariou# Mecanica* $ro$ertie# oncerned are #tren-t in ten#i*e,

o'$re##ie #ear, 7endin-, tor#iona* and 7uc4*in- *oad, %ati-ue re#i#tance,

i'$act re#i#tance, e*ea#tic *i'it, endurance *i'it, and 'odu*u# o% e*a#ticit8,

ardne##, !ear re#i#tance and #*idin- $ro$ertie#(


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S.N6 DESCRIPTION TY MATERIAL AMOUNT

/R0

1 "ou7*e actin-$neu'atic 8*inder

1 a*u'inu'

2 So*enoid )a*e 1 A*u'inu'

3 >*o! ontro* )a*e 1 A*u'inu'

+ "ri**in- ead 1 M(S

5 ontro* unit 1 *ectronic

6 PU Tu7e# 5 'eter Po*8uretene

. Li'it #!itc 2 *ectronic

/ S$ur -ear 2 n8*on

0 "c 'otor 1 I

2. LABOUR COST

Late, dri**in-, !e*din-, dri**in-, $o!er ac4#a!, -a# cuttin- co#t

3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES

Te oeread car-e# are arried 78B 'anu%acturin- co#tB

Manu%acturin- o#t ;Materia* o#t La7our o#t

;

;


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:eread ar-e# ;2o% te 'anu%acturin- co#t

;

4. TOTAL COST

Tota* co#t ; Materia* o#t La7our o#t :eread ar-e#

;

;

Tota* co#t %or ti# $roect ;

CONCLUSION

Te $roect carried out 78 u# !i** 'a4e an i'$re##in- 'ar4 in te

%ie*d o% #'a** #ca*e indu#trie#( It i# er8 u#e%u**8 %or te !or4er# to carr8 out

te o$eration# in a #in-*e 'acine(


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ceo0534- fully automated drilling machine -new

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