certificate programme in construction h&s module 1...

ASAQS EC CHAPTER CPD SEMINAR

PORT ELIZABETH, 25-26 MAY 2015

ASPECTS OF RISK IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION

PROF JOHN SMALLWOOD

DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT,

NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY, SOUTH AFRICA

Copyright: Prof. JJ Smallwood

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Introduction (1)

Construction H&S occurs in a macro environment:

© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood

Figure 1: Construction H&S – the macro environment (Smallwood, 1995)

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Introduction (2)

Although not inherently dangerous, there are numerous hazards and risks in construction

Strategies, systems, procedures, and protocol can mitigate and, or eliminate the hazards and risks

H&S issues apply / arise during all phases of projects: project initiation and briefing, concept and feasibility, design development, tender documentation and procurement, construction documentation and management, and project close out (six stages). Thereafter, during maintenance, and de-construction

All religions – ‘I am my brother’s / sister’s keeper’

Ethics / Moral issue

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Legislation is a guide and constitutes the ‘minimum’© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood

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Introduction (3)


H&S is about life, or death! (not legislation)

Although technology is important, H&S culture drives the process of H&S – culture comprised of: Values

Vision

Goal

Mission

Purpose

Assumptions

H&S is a process (continual improvement) as opposed to a

programme

Planning for failure (1)

Stellenbosch Collapse (Anonymous, June 2008)© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood


Stellenbosch Collapse (Anonymous, June 2008)


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Poor concept

Inadequate support i.e. props (bending)

Inadequate end-fixing

Supported at the base by loosely stacked bricks! Bizarre!

No horizontal bracing

Cavalier

A parody of errors


Preventing failure (1)

Scaffolding, Bradford on Avon (Smallwood, August 2014)


Preventing failure (2)

Scaffolding, Bradford on Avon (Smallwood, August 2014)


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Functions and activities of management work

Functions and activities (19) of management work (Allen,

1973) need to be undertaken relative to design, ‘designing

for H&S’, and procurement to assure construction H&S, not

just during construction:

Planning

Organising

Leading

Controlling

Coordinating


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Construction resources

There are H&S issues relative to all 11 resources (Smallwood,

2006):

Management

Supervision

Labour

Competencies

Information

Technology

Innovation

Finance

Materials

Plant and equipment

Co-contractors


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Project parameters

Project parameters – 11, not just cost, quality, and time

(Smallwood, 2006):

Developmental objectives

Environment

H&S (construction)

H&S (public)

Cost

Productivity

Quality

Time

Worker satisfaction

Client satisfaction

Customer satisfaction


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Pretoria North Shopping Centre slab collapse (October,

1996)


(Davis, 1996)

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Investec Office Complex scaffolding collapse, Sandton

(August, 1997)


(Prinsloo, 1997)

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Injaka Bridge collapse, Mpumalanga (July, 1998)


(Travers, 1998)

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Greenacres Shopping Centre ceiling collapse,

Port Elizabeth (July, 2000)


(Eastern Province Herald, 2000)

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Kolonnade Shopping Centre roof collapse, Pretoria

(December, 2001)


(The Star, 2001)

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Coega Bridge collapse, Port Elizabeth (November, 2003)


(Markman, 2003)

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Coega Bridge collapse, Port Elizabeth (November, 2003)


(Markman, 2003)

Meyersdal Collapse, 18 August 2014 (1)

(TimesLIVE Mobile, 2014)© 2015 : Prof JJ Smallwood

Meyersdal Collapse, 18 August 2014 (2)

(The New Age, 2015)© 2015 : Prof JJ Smallwood

Tongaat Mall Collapse, 19 November 2013

Tongaat Mall Collapse, 19 November 2013


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Wall (earth) collapse, Randburg (February, 1999)


(Frey, 1999)

Respect for people (1)

Workers change room, shower, and lockers, Max 4 project, Lund, Sweden

(Smallwood, August 2012)© 2013 : Prof JJ Smallwood

Respect for people (2)

Workers’ mess area, Max 4 project, Lund, Sweden (Smallwood, August 2012)© 2013 : Prof JJ Smallwood

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Construction Regulations 2014 (1)

Construction that commenced after 7 February 2014: Comply with Construction Regulations 2003

Exempted from Construction Regulations 2014 till 7 August 2014

Thereafter comply with the exception of Regulation 3 (Construction Work Permit) and 5 (7)(b) (Registered Pr CHSA) – will come into effect on 7 August 2015

Construction that commenced on or before 7 February 2014: Comply with Construction Regulations 2003

Exempted from Construction Regulations 2014 till 6 August 2015

Regulation 3 (Construction Work Permit): Client must apply to Provincial Director 30 days before construction

work commences if work will:

> 180 Days

> 1 800 Person days

> R 13m or cidb grading level 6


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Provincial Director must issue a construction work permit within 30 days of receiving such an application and assign a site specific work No.

Such a site specific work No. must be displayed at the entrance

Will only be granted if:

Client’s baseline risk assessment and a site specific H&S specification have been submitted

Proof in writing:

That client has appointed an Agent

That principal contractor (PC) is registered with a compensation insurer and a LOG

H&S specification has been handed to the designer(s) and acted upon

H&S specification has been included in the tender documents

PC has made adequate financial provision for H&S

PC has the necessary competencies and resources


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Work Permit, NYC (Smallwood, June 2014)

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Works Order, Hong Kong (Smallwood, January 2013)

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References (1)

Allen, L.A. 1973. Professional Management: New Concepts and Proven Practices. London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Davis, C. 2001. Pretoria Beeld. 18 October, 1.

Eastern Province Herald. 2000. Eastern Province Herald, 27 July, 1.

Frey, C. 1999. Randburg Sun, 8 January, 1.

Markman, I. 2003. The Herald, 14 November, 10.

Prinsloo, K. 1997. Beeld, 27 August, 3.

Republic of South Africa. 2014. No. R. 84 Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 Construction Regulations 2014. Government Gazette No. 37305. Pretoria.

Smallwood, J.J. 1995. The Influence of management on the occurrence of loss causative incidents in the South African construction industry. Unpublished MSc (Constr Man) Dissertation, University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth.

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References (2)

Smallwood, J.J. 2006. The Practice of Construction

Management. Acta Structilia. 13(2), 62-89.

The New Age. 2015. Meyersdal Eco Estate in Alberton

collapsed.

http://thenewage.co.za/gallery/gallery_detail.aspx?cat3=948&v

ideoid=808&catid=808&mid=37&albumid=21827

The Star. 2001. The Herald, 21 December, 1.

TimesLIVE Mobile. 2014. No signs of life after deadly collapse.

http://m.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/?articleId=12466043

Travers, R. 1998. Lowvelder, 10 July, 1.


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