![Page 1: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ASAQS EC CHAPTER CPD SEMINAR
PORT ELIZABETH, 25-26 MAY 2015
ASPECTS OF RISK IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION
PROF JOHN SMALLWOOD
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT,
NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY, SOUTH AFRICA
Copyright: Prof. JJ Smallwood
![Page 2: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Introduction (1)
Construction H&S occurs in a macro environment:
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
Figure 1: Construction H&S – the macro environment (Smallwood, 1995)
![Page 3: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Introduction (2)
Although not inherently dangerous, there are numerous hazards and risks in construction
Strategies, systems, procedures, and protocol can mitigate and, or eliminate the hazards and risks
H&S issues apply / arise during all phases of projects: project initiation and briefing, concept and feasibility, design development, tender documentation and procurement, construction documentation and management, and project close out (six stages). Thereafter, during maintenance, and de-construction
All religions – ‘I am my brother’s / sister’s keeper’
Ethics / Moral issue
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Legislation is a guide and constitutes the ‘minimum’© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 4: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Introduction (3)
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
H&S is about life, or death! (not legislation)
Although technology is important, H&S culture drives the process of H&S – culture comprised of: Values
Vision
Goal
Mission
Purpose
Assumptions
H&S is a process (continual improvement) as opposed to a
programme
![Page 5: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Planning for failure (1)
Stellenbosch Collapse (Anonymous, June 2008)© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 6: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Planning for failure (2)
Stellenbosch Collapse (Anonymous, June 2008)
© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 7: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Planning for failure (3)
Stellenbosch Collapse (Anonymous, June 2008)
© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 8: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Planning for failure (4)
Poor concept
Inadequate support i.e. props (bending)
Inadequate end-fixing
Supported at the base by loosely stacked bricks! Bizarre!
No horizontal bracing
Cavalier
A parody of errors
© 2015 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 9: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Preventing failure (1)
Scaffolding, Bradford on Avon (Smallwood, August 2014)
© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 10: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Preventing failure (2)
Scaffolding, Bradford on Avon (Smallwood, August 2014)
© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 11: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Functions and activities of management work
Functions and activities (19) of management work (Allen,
1973) need to be undertaken relative to design, ‘designing
for H&S’, and procurement to assure construction H&S, not
just during construction:
Planning
Organising
Leading
Controlling
Coordinating
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 12: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Construction resources
There are H&S issues relative to all 11 resources (Smallwood,
2006):
Management
Supervision
Labour
Competencies
Information
Technology
Innovation
Finance
Materials
Plant and equipment
Co-contractors
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 13: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Project parameters
Project parameters – 11, not just cost, quality, and time
(Smallwood, 2006):
Developmental objectives
Environment
H&S (construction)
H&S (public)
Cost
Productivity
Quality
Time
Worker satisfaction
Client satisfaction
Customer satisfaction
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 14: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Pretoria North Shopping Centre slab collapse (October,
1996)
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
(Davis, 1996)
![Page 15: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Investec Office Complex scaffolding collapse, Sandton
(August, 1997)
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
(Prinsloo, 1997)
![Page 16: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Injaka Bridge collapse, Mpumalanga (July, 1998)
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
(Travers, 1998)
![Page 17: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Greenacres Shopping Centre ceiling collapse,
Port Elizabeth (July, 2000)
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
(Eastern Province Herald, 2000)
![Page 18: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Kolonnade Shopping Centre roof collapse, Pretoria
(December, 2001)
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
(The Star, 2001)
![Page 19: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Coega Bridge collapse, Port Elizabeth (November, 2003)
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
(Markman, 2003)
![Page 20: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Coega Bridge collapse, Port Elizabeth (November, 2003)
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
(Markman, 2003)
![Page 21: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Meyersdal Collapse, 18 August 2014 (1)
(TimesLIVE Mobile, 2014)© 2015 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 22: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Meyersdal Collapse, 18 August 2014 (2)
(The New Age, 2015)© 2015 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 23: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Tongaat Mall Collapse, 19 November 2013
Tongaat Mall Collapse, 19 November 2013
© 2015 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 24: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Wall (earth) collapse, Randburg (February, 1999)
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood
(Frey, 1999)
![Page 25: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Respect for people (1)
Workers change room, shower, and lockers, Max 4 project, Lund, Sweden
(Smallwood, August 2012)© 2013 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 26: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Respect for people (2)
Workers’ mess area, Max 4 project, Lund, Sweden (Smallwood, August 2012)© 2013 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 27: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Construction Regulations 2014 (1)
Construction that commenced after 7 February 2014: Comply with Construction Regulations 2003
Exempted from Construction Regulations 2014 till 7 August 2014
Thereafter comply with the exception of Regulation 3 (Construction Work Permit) and 5 (7)(b) (Registered Pr CHSA) – will come into effect on 7 August 2015
Construction that commenced on or before 7 February 2014: Comply with Construction Regulations 2003
Exempted from Construction Regulations 2014 till 6 August 2015
Regulation 3 (Construction Work Permit): Client must apply to Provincial Director 30 days before construction
work commences if work will:
> 180 Days
> 1 800 Person days
> R 13m or cidb grading level 6
© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 28: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Construction Regulations 2014 (2)
Provincial Director must issue a construction work permit within 30 days of receiving such an application and assign a site specific work No.
Such a site specific work No. must be displayed at the entrance
Will only be granted if:
Client’s baseline risk assessment and a site specific H&S specification have been submitted
Proof in writing:
That client has appointed an Agent
That principal contractor (PC) is registered with a compensation insurer and a LOG
H&S specification has been handed to the designer(s) and acted upon
H&S specification has been included in the tender documents
PC has made adequate financial provision for H&S
PC has the necessary competencies and resources
© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood
![Page 29: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Construction Regulations 2014 (3)
© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood
Work Permit, NYC (Smallwood, June 2014)
![Page 30: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Construction Regulations 2014 (3)
© 2014 : Prof JJ Smallwood
Works Order, Hong Kong (Smallwood, January 2013)
![Page 31: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
References (1)
Allen, L.A. 1973. Professional Management: New Concepts and Proven Practices. London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Davis, C. 2001. Pretoria Beeld. 18 October, 1.
Eastern Province Herald. 2000. Eastern Province Herald, 27 July, 1.
Frey, C. 1999. Randburg Sun, 8 January, 1.
Markman, I. 2003. The Herald, 14 November, 10.
Prinsloo, K. 1997. Beeld, 27 August, 3.
Republic of South Africa. 2014. No. R. 84 Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 Construction Regulations 2014. Government Gazette No. 37305. Pretoria.
Smallwood, J.J. 1995. The Influence of management on the occurrence of loss causative incidents in the South African construction industry. Unpublished MSc (Constr Man) Dissertation, University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth.
![Page 32: CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN CONSTRUCTION H&S MODULE 1 ...masterbuilders.co.za/resources/docs/OHS-PDFs/1-Introduction.pdf · certificate programme in construction h&s module 1 : introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042307/5ed3cf2c558ce84bfe1d432b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
References (2)
Smallwood, J.J. 2006. The Practice of Construction
Management. Acta Structilia. 13(2), 62-89.
The New Age. 2015. Meyersdal Eco Estate in Alberton
collapsed.
http://thenewage.co.za/gallery/gallery_detail.aspx?cat3=948&v
ideoid=808&catid=808&mid=37&albumid=21827
The Star. 2001. The Herald, 21 December, 1.
TimesLIVE Mobile. 2014. No signs of life after deadly collapse.
http://m.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/?articleId=12466043
Travers, R. 1998. Lowvelder, 10 July, 1.
© 2003 : Prof JJ Smallwood