ch 11
TRANSCRIPT
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Diet and Health
Chapter 11
Diet
Health
DietHealth
Diet
health
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Degenerative Disease
chronic
mostly irreversible
characterized by degeneration of the organs
• food choices• smoking• physical activity• alcohol use
many contributing factors
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Correlation and Causation
• A correlation between a risk factor and a disease does not mean the risk factor causes the disease
Correlation = association
• An act or agent which results in an effect
Causation = produces an effect
Correlation does NOT equal Causation
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Risk Factors
Variables
Associated with increased disease risk
Correlational
Not causal
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Heart Disease
Atherosclerosis
Characterized by plaque
Complex inflammatory process!
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Damage to artery wall
• Smoking• Aging• Hyperlipidemia
Fatty streak
• Body responds• Inflammation • LDL oxidation
Plaque• Smooth muscle• macrophages• Lipoproteins
Atherosclerosis
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Non-modifiable CAD Risk FactorsIn
crea
sing
age Age
Mal
e ge
nder Gender
Fam
ily H
isto
ry Genetics
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Modifiable CAD Risk FactorsIn
crea
sing
wei
ght Obesity
Toba
cco Smoking
Hig
h bl
ood
pres
sure Hypertension
Abno
rmal
blo
od li
pids dyslipidemia
Insu
lin re
sist
ance Diabetes
Lack
of e
xerc
ise Physical
inactivity
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Atherogenic Diet: modifiable risk factor
High in saturated fat
High in trans fat
High in cholesterol
Low in fruits
Low in vegetables
Low in whole grains
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Hypertension: High Blood Pressure
Heart pumping blood
Size of the arteries
Volume of fluid in vessels
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Image from Sizer Whitney, 2012
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Blood Pressure
Normal: 120/80
High: > 130/85
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Hypertension Risk Factors
Atherosclerosis
Obesity
Insulin resistance
Age
Genetics
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Lower Blood PressureLower sodium intake
Lose weight
Alcohol in moderation
Increase intake of fresh fruit and vegetables
Reduce intake of fat
Increase calcium, potassium and magnesium
Increase physical activity
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DASH
Die
tIncrease calcium
Increase potassium
Increase magnesium
Increase Vitamin C
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CancerGenetics
Viral infections
Lifestyle choices
Environmental factors
Nutrition
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carcinogens cell damage cancer development
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Cancer Development
CarcinogensmokeDNA
Damagecells Cells multiplymultiply
Promoterscells Metastasisinvade
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Exposed to carcinogens daily
Not all carcinogens cause damage
Anti-oxidants quench free radicals
Body can repair cell damage
Damage not repaired -> cell self-destructs
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Diet & Lifestyle to Reduce Cancer Risk
High fruits, vegetables and whole grains
Diets lower in calories (moderation)
Healthy weight: Obesity is associated with some cancers
Increased physical activity - lower risk of colon cancer
Diets low in saturated fat (research is mixed)
Limit red meats/processed meats
Limit alcohol intake
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BBQ Browning reaction
Heterocyclic amines Carcinogenic
Meat drippings
Carcinogens (smoke)
Stick to the meat
Image from Wikipedia
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Carbohydrate rich food
Cooked at high temps Acrylamide Carcinogenic
Image from Wikipedia
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• Impact of food on gene expression
Nutrigenomics
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Commander Genes Peer Pressure
Genes
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Diet
End
Health
The