ch. 15 active filterselearning.kocw.net/kocw/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 ·...

31
Ch. 15 Active Filters

Upload: others

Post on 14-Mar-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Ch. 15 Active Filters

Page 2: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu능동 대역 통과 필터 (Active Band-Pass Filter)

저역통과 필터 + 고역통과 필터 (종속 연결)

조건: 두 필터의 임계주파수가

충분히 떨어져야 함

fc2 >> fc1

Page 3: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu능동 대역 통과 필터

다중 귀환 대역통과 필터

( ) 21231 ||21

CCRRRfo π=

321

31

21

RRRRR

Cfo

+=

π

Making C1 = C2 = C,

R1, C1 - LP sectionR2, C2 - HP section )2(2

;2

23

21

oo

ooo

AQCfQR

CfQR

CAfQR

−=

==

π

ππ 1

2

2RRAo =

Q = fo/BW

Ao < 2Q2

Max. gain:

> 0

Page 4: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu

( )

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛ +=

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+

==⋅=

231

31

21231

31212310

21

2

12

1

RRRRR

C

CCRRR

RRCCRRRfff cHcL

π

ππ

능동 대역 통과 필터

( ),

21

,2

1

22

131

CRf

CRRf

cH

cL

π

π

=

=

Making C1 = C2 = C,

대략적인 유도:

Page 5: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu능동 대역 통과 필터

Vx

I1 I3

I2

I5

I4

VVVII

00

=≈≈≈

+−

−+

22

2

2

53

121311

3

21

1

4321

1

,

11

11

,

RsCVV

RVV

sC

VVII

VsCVsCsCRRR

V

RV

sC

VV

sC

VVR

VVIIII

outx

outx

outxin

xxoutxxin

−=>−

−=

−=

−⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+++=>−

+−

+−

=−

++=

−−

Page 6: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu능동 대역 통과 필터

( )

21231212

212

11

2131

2122

1

22

2

1

321221

1

2

2

1

321221

2

1

122

21311

111

1

11111

111

11

CCRRRRCCCCss

sRC

CCsRR

RCCs

RRCs

CC

RsCRsCRsC

RR

VV

CC

RsCRsCRsC

RRVV

VsCRsC

VsCsCRRR

V

in

out

outin

outoutin

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛++⎟⎟

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛ ++

=

++++=

++++=

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛++++−=

−⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+++−= - 2차 대역통과 필터 전달함수

20

02

00

)(ωω

ω

++=

sQ

s

sQ

AsH

Making C1 = C2 = C,

22312

2

1

1112

1

CRRRCRss

sCR

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛++⎟⎟

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+

=

( )

000

21

1

2

1

2

100

1

00

02

2

0

321

310

3212

3120

20

2221

21111

22

12

CAfQ

ARR

RR

CRCR

CRQ

ACRQ

A

CfQR

CRQ

RRRRR

Cf

RRRCRRf

πωω

πω

ππω

==>−===>−=

=>−=

+=>−

+==

Page 7: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu능동 대역 통과 필터

( )

( ) ( )

( )02

002

000

0

200

000

20

00

212

0

13

3

121

20

321

310

2222

122

12

2

212

12

21

AQCfQ

AQ

ACAf

Q

AQ

CAfQ

CAfQ

CfQCf

CAfQ

RRCfRR

RRRRCf

RRRRR

Cf

−=

−=

−=

−=

−=

+=

+=

πππ

πππ

ππ

π

π

Page 8: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu예제 15-6

다중 귀환 대역 통과 필터

R1 = 68 k Ω, R2 = 180 kΩ, R3 = 2.7 kΩ

C = C1 = C2= 0.01 μF

fO , AO, Q, BW?

ZRRRRR

Cfo H736

)(2.7k)(68k)(180k2.7k68k

)01.0(21

21

321

31 =+

=+

=μππ

32.1(2)(68k)(180k)

2 1

2 ===R

RAo

16.4)k180)(01.0)(736(22 ===>−−= μπππ

CRfQCf

QR oo

Q = fo/BW BW = fo/Q= 736/4.16 =177 Hz

Page 9: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuState-Variable Filter

Universal active filter

One summing amplifier + two op-amp integrators

종속 2 극

2차 버터워스 DF = 1.414 Q = 1/DF = 1/1.414 = 0.707R5/R6 = 3Q – 1 = 3×0.707 - 1 1.414 = 1.121R5 = 1.121R6

Page 10: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuState-Variable Filter- 예제 15-7

근사적으로

Page 11: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuState-Variable Filter -예제 15-7

시뮬레이션 결과LPF

HPF

BPF

kHz11≈cf

kHz6.4≈cf

kHz2.7≈of

Q = 33.7Ω= k1005R

Page 12: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuState-Variable Filter -예제 15-7

시뮬레이션 결과LPF

HPF

BPF

kHz1.7≈cf

kHz4.7≈cf

kHz2.7≈of

3/21k1k1

311

31

k1

6

5

5

=⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +=⎟⎟

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+=

Ω=

RRQ

R

- Q가 증가하면 BW는 줄어들고 overshoot는 커짐- Q가 감소하면 BW는 늘어나고 overshoot는 작아짐

Page 13: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuBiquad Filter

State-variable filter와 유사

One inverting amplifier + two op-amp integrators

종속 2 극

Page 14: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu능동 대역 저지 필터(Active Band-Stop Filter)

다중 귀환 대역저지 필터 (Multiple-feedback band-stop filter)

2121

RRCfo π=

Making C1 = C2 = C,

R3, R4를 제외하면 다중 귀환대역통과 필터와 동일

Page 15: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu능동 대역 저지 필터(Active Band-Stop Filter)

상태변위 대역저지 필터 (State-variable band-stop filter)

Page 16: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu능동 대역 저지 필터 -예제 15-8

Verify fO, = 60 Hz and Q = 10(optimize)

Hz60)(12k)(0.222π

12

12

1

27140 ====≈

μππ CRCRff c

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+= 1

31

6

5

RRQ

Each integrator:

( ) Ω≈Ω=×−×=−= kkkRQR 1007.95)3.3()1103(13 65

Choose R6 = 3.3 kΩ Hz64.574.63 =−=−= cLcH ffBW

106

600 ===BWfQ

시뮬레이션 결과

Hz60≈of

Page 17: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu능동 대역 저지 필터 -예제 15-8

LPF

HPF

BSF

Hz39≈cf

Hz93≈cf

Hz60≈of6.32

84.160

Hz84.127.5921.61

0 ===

=−=−=

BWfQ

ffBW cLcH

6.331k1

k100311

31

k1,k100

6

5

65

≈⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ +=⎟⎟

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+=

Ω=Ω=

RRQ

RR

Page 18: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuFILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS

Discrete Point Measurement

Test setup for discrete point measurementof the filter response.

Page 19: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuFILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS

Discrete Point Measurement

1. Set the amplitude of the sine wave generator to a desiredvoltage level.

2. Set the frequency of the sine wave generator to a value wellbelow the expected critical frequency of the filter under test. Fora low-pass filter, set the frequency as near as possible to 0 Hz.For a band-pass filter, set the frequency well below the expectedlower critical frequency.

3. Increase the frequency in predetermined steps sufficient toallow enough data points for an accurate response curve.

4. Maintain a constant input voltage amplitude while varying thefrequency.

5. Record the output voltage at each value of frequency.

6. After recording a sufficient number of points, plot a graph ofoutput voltage versus

frequency.

Page 20: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuFILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS

Swept Frequency Measurement

Test setup for a filter response using a spectrum analyzer

Page 21: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuFILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS

Swept Frequency Measurement

Test setup for a filter response using an oscilloscope

The scope is placed in X-Y mode. The sawtooth waveform fromthe sweep generator drives the X-channel of the oscilloscope.

Page 22: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuApplication activity: RFID system

RFID(radio frequency identification): 물체의 식별 및 추적을 가능하게하는 기술

RFID tag: 물체에 대한 정보를 전달하는 IC 칩

RFID reader: 태그로부터 전달죈 정보를 수신하는 기기

Data-processing system(정보처리시스템): 리더기에 의해 전달된 정보를저장하고 처리하는 시스템

수동 RFID태그 (근거리, 저가), 능동 RFID 태그(원거리, 고가)

사용주파수: 125kHz, 13.56MHz, UHF 대역(850 ~ 900 Mhz), 2.45GHz

저주파: 가격이 저렴하며 최단거리에 사용, 보안시스템 및 동물 식별 및 추적등에 사용

고주파: 자동교통요금 징수 및 철도차량 추적 등에 사용

Page 23: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuApplication activity: RFID system

125 kHZ 1mV 반송파 신호 10kHz 사인파로 변조(실제는 펄스파)

125 kHz 대역통과 필터: 125ㅏHz 신호를 통과하고 그외 다른 신호와잡음은 제거

2단 증폭기: 태그에서 나온 미세한 신호를 사용가능한 수준으로 증폭

저역통과 필터: 125ㅏHz 반송파 신호를 제거하고 10kHz 변조 신호만을통과

비교기: 기지털 신호를 사용가능한 디지털 데이터 열로 복원

RFID 태그로부터ASK 신호

125kHz 대역통과필터

2단증폭기

반파정류기

저역통과필터fc = 22kHz

비교기디지털데이터를프로세서로

Page 24: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuApplication activity: RFID system

BPF:U3

kHz125≈of

LPF: U5

kHz16≈cf

BPF

LPF

Comparator

2단 Amp.정류기

Page 25: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu

54

Homework

All Examples

Selected Problems(P.711-717): 10,11,12,13, 17,18,19,21,22

Page 26: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu

Page 27: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu

Page 28: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYu

Page 29: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuCh. 16 Oscillators 소개

발진기(Oscillator): 전원이 인가된 상태에서 외부의 입력신호 없이 회로자체의 동작에 의해 특정 주파수의 신호(정현파, 구형파, 삼각파,톱니파)를 생성하는 회로

종류: 귀환 발진기(Feedback oscillator), 이완 발진기(Relaxationoscillator)

Page 30: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuCh. 16 Oscillators 소개

귀환 발진기: 출력신호의 일부분이 위상변이 없이 입력으로인가되어 출력을 강화정귀환 이용

구성: 증폭기, 정귀환회로 (위상변이와 감쇠)

위상변위 : 0°폐루프 이득 Acl = 1 ( = AvB )

AvB = 1 ∠0°

Page 31: Ch. 15 Active Filterselearning.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/hankyong/yuyunseop... · 2017-02-20 · Yun SeopYu FILTER RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS Discrete Point Measurement 1. Set the amplitude

Yun SeopYuCh. 16 Oscillators 소개

이완발진기: RC 회로를 사용하여 구형파 등과 같은 정현파이외의 파형 발생- 귀환 이용 안 함

- 구성: 슈미트트리거 회로나 저항을 통한 캐패시터의 충전과 방전을위한 소자

실제 삼각파 발진기