ch 2 early china, nubia , meroe, and the first civilizations in the americas
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Ch 2 Early China, Nubia , Meroe, and The First Civilizations in the Americas. By Koa Knitter & Seamus Hurley . Geography. Early Resources . metals. timber. stone. North China. Millet. Loess soil. -Dry and cool -Yellow River Valley. South China. Rice. Plentiful Rainfall. -Warm - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ch 2 Early China, Nubia, Meroe, and The First
Civilizations in the AmericasBy Koa Knitter
& Seamus Hurley
Geography
Early Resources
metals
stone
timber
North ChinaMillet
Loess soil
-Dry and cool-Yellow River Valley
South China
Rice
Plentiful Rainfall-Warm-Yangzi River Valley
Early Societies
-Land of Neolithic communities-Pigs, Chicken, Millet domesticated-Silk textiles-Bronze Metallurgy
Oracle Bones and Shang Religion and Writing
Kings Religion- Worship of male ancestors, Kings were intermediaries between the gods and human world.
Developed during Shang PeriodToday’s Writing Directly related
Shang Technology
Bronze weapons, ceremonial vessels
Horse drawn chariot
Video
Zhou Period 1027-221 B.C.E.
Defeated Shang in the 11th century B.C.E
“Mandate of Heaven” Used by the Zhou to justify their actions in overthrowing the Shang
Zhou Period
Priestly Power of elite faded
Result in separation of religion and govt.
Zhou divided into two periods Western Zhou, and Eastern Zhou
Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou 771- 221 B.C.E.
Like the Shang the Western Zhou had direct control over core territory and administered the peripheral areas indirectly
Eastern Zhou declined in central government as regional elites began to rule territories
Eastern Zhou subdivided into two periods
Spring and Autumn period 771-481 B.C.E/Warring states Period 480-221 B.C.E
Zhou Technology
Construction of long walls for defense
Iron and steel metallurgy
Horse riding
Sleeve weight
Eastern Zhou Political Philosophies
Legalism- Human nature is wicked and selfish. People must have strict laws and harsh punishments
Confucianism
Founded by Confucius
Assumes that human nature is essentially good.
Hierarchical view of universe, society, and family
Not influential with it’s founding, but became the dominant political philosophy in the future.
Daoism
Founded by Laozi
Universe is constantly changing
No real moral standards
People should take life as it comes to them.
“Whatever attitude”
Eastern Zhou Society
Development of the three generation family
Concept of Private Property
Privately owned land
Women were subordinate to hierarchy
Yin and Yang
Yin-male- Bright, Shining, Active
Yang-Female- moon, passive, shaded
NUBIA3100 B.C.E – 350 B.C.E
GEOGRAPHY
RESOURCES Gold Copper Semiprecious Stones
OLD KINGDOM NUBIA 5th millennium foragers moved to agriculture Egypt sends donkey caravans to trade in
2300 B.C.E
MIDDLE KINGDOM NUBIA Egypt has aggressive push into Nubia Wanted to control trade and gold mines
THE NUBIAN KUSH Kush is an area in Nubia Started around 1750 B.C.E People skilled in metalworking/pottery
NEW KINGDOM NUBIA Egypt crushes Nubian Kush Egypt controls Nubia for 500 years Egyptian culture mixes with Nubian
MEROE 800 B.C.E – 350 B.C.E Napata was Egyptian capital Meroe became new capital after fall of
Egypt Nubia’s cultural Renaissance
FALL OF MEROE In 701 B.C.E offered to help Palestine
against Assyrian Empire Assyria invaded Egypt and pushed Nubia
back Overran by nomads in 4th century
Celtic Europe1000 B.C.E – 50 B.C.E
Geography
Timber Metals Rivers
Resources
Lived in Europe for thousands of years Around 500 B.C.E. they began trading with
Mediterranean Lived in or near hill forts
Early Celts
Celts Spread Across Europe
3 classes Men Women Ruled by kings Druids
Celtic People
Metallurgy Building ships Agriculture
Celtic Skills
Roman conquest Germanic invasions Celts pushed to NW France, Scotland,
Ireland, and Whales
Fall of the Celts
OLMEC AND
CHAVIN
1200 B.C.E – 250 B.C.E
GEOGRAPHY
MESOAMERICA OLMEC Mexico area Flourished between 1200-400 B.C.E Early people depended on plants and
fishing Resources
OLMEC CAPITALS 1st capital was San Lorenzo (1200-900) 2nd capital La Venta (900-600) 3rd capital Tres Zapotes (600-400) Evolved independently Each was destroyed
OLMEC CULTURE Large platforms of packed earth High quality crafts Homes Diet
OLMEC POLITICS They had kings Associated with the gods Built impressive
structures
OLMEC RELIGION Polytheistic Shamans
CHAVIN Peru area Dominant between 900 – 250 B.C.E Relied on the coast and Andes Capital was Chavin de Huantar
CHAVIN CULTURE Extreme architectural structures Distributed food Llamas Intersection of trade routes
CHAVIN ART Used natural resources Crowns, pottery,
jewelry Skilled artisans
CHAVIN RELIGION Center of civilization Influence depended on
religion Often seen in art
THE END