ch. 24 wwii
TRANSCRIPT
By: Jackie White By: Jackie White
U.S. History IIU.S. History II
By: Jackie White By: Jackie White
U.S. History IIU.S. History II
Chapter 24 Section 1“Dictators Threaten World
Peace”
Chapter 24 Section 1“Dictators Threaten World
Peace”• Main Idea: The rise of rulers in
Europe & Asia led to World War II.• Why It Matters Now: Dictators of
the 1930’s & 40’s changed the course of history, making world leaders especially watchful for the actions of dictators today.
• Terms & Names: Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Francisco Franco, totalitarianism, fascism, Nazism, Neutrality Acts
• Main Idea: The rise of rulers in Europe & Asia led to World War II.
• Why It Matters Now: Dictators of the 1930’s & 40’s changed the course of history, making world leaders especially watchful for the actions of dictators today.
• Terms & Names: Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Francisco Franco, totalitarianism, fascism, Nazism, Neutrality Acts
Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective
• Guiding Question: How did the rise of dictators in Europe and Asia lead to World War II?
• Understand the conditions that brought dictators to power and the aggressive actions taken that led to the outbreak of World War II.
• Be able to identify the dictators, their country, type of government, & aggressive acts.
• Guiding Question: How did the rise of dictators in Europe and Asia lead to World War II?
• Understand the conditions that brought dictators to power and the aggressive actions taken that led to the outbreak of World War II.
• Be able to identify the dictators, their country, type of government, & aggressive acts.
What do you know about WWII?• http://www.history.com/interactives/inside-wwii-interacti
ve
Germany Nazi Party Poster• To whom do
you think this poster is directed?
• How does this poster try to attract students to the Nazi party?
• Is it effective?
The Treaty of Versailles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yj_eiyBsSSc&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yj_eiyBsSSc&feature=player_embedded
Caused anger and resentment
Germany saw nothing fair about Article 231 (war guilt clause) that blamed them for starting WWI.
Germans felt betrayed by their government for agreeing to the treaty and anger towards the Allies.
Caused anger and resentment
Germany saw nothing fair about Article 231 (war guilt clause) that blamed them for starting WWI.
Germans felt betrayed by their government for agreeing to the treaty and anger towards the Allies.
Germany was stripped of its overseas colonies and border territories.Germany was stripped of its overseas colonies and border territories.
The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles
Germany experienced hyperinflation in 1923, the economic demand of reparation payments was the prime cause of inflation.
Germany experienced hyperinflation in 1923, the economic demand of reparation payments was the prime cause of inflation.
The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles
The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory
German soldiers are dissatisfied.
The League of NationsThe League of Nations• What was the
purpose of the League of Nations?
• When was the League created?
Designed after WWI to prevent acts of aggression.
• What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
• When was the League created?
Designed after WWI to prevent acts of aggression.
The League of Nations
Which countries were expelled from or left the League of Nations?
Which countries were expelled from or left the League of Nations?
Which powerful country refused to join the League?
Will the League of Nations be very effective in preventing war?
Which powerful country refused to join the League?
Will the League of Nations be very effective in preventing war?
The League of NationsThe League of Nations
The League of NationsThe League of Nations
U.S. did not join because they wanted to remain out of European conflicts -America practices a policy of isolationism
U.S. did not join because they wanted to remain out of European conflicts -America practices a policy of isolationism
The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations
No control of major conflicts.No progress in disarmament.No effective military force.No ability to enforce its edicts.
The Great DepressionThe Great Depression
• Why did Germany experience a Depression post WWI?
• How did the Depression effect the German people?
• Why did Germany experience a Depression post WWI?
• How did the Depression effect the German people?
•World War I reparations and dependence on American loans caused a depression Germany. •1932, 6 million Germans were unemployed•Helped Nazi party come to power by blaming economic hardships on Jewish people
•World War I reparations and dependence on American loans caused a depression Germany. •1932, 6 million Germans were unemployed•Helped Nazi party come to power by blaming economic hardships on Jewish people
The Great Depression
In 1923 a five million German mark was worth less then a penny due to hyperinflationIn 1923 a five million German mark was worth less then a penny due to hyperinflation
Germans were desperate and turned to Hitler for hope.Germans were desperate and turned to Hitler for hope.
The Great DepressionThe Great Depression
Decadence of the Weimar RepublicHow are the German
people portrayed?
How is the German government portrayed?
How do you think the German people feel about their government (the Weimar Republic?)
How are the German people portrayed?
How is the German government portrayed?
How do you think the German people feel about their government (the Weimar Republic?)
Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler• A jobless soldier
drifting around Germany post WWI
• 1919 he joined a struggling group called the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party)
• He proved to be a powerful speaker and quickly became the party’s leader
• A jobless soldier drifting around Germany post WWI
• 1919 he joined a struggling group called the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party)
• He proved to be a powerful speaker and quickly became the party’s leader
Called himself Der Fuhrer- “The Leader” & promised to bring Germany out of chaos
Called himself Der Fuhrer- “The Leader” & promised to bring Germany out of chaos
Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler• Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) The
original title Hitler chose was "Four and a Half Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice.”
• Throughout Mein Kampf, Hitler refers to Jews as parasites, liars, dirty, crafty, sly, wily, clever, without any true culture, a sponger, a middleman, a maggot, eternal blood suckers, repulsive, unscrupulous, monsters, foreign, menace, bloodthirsty, avaricious, the destroyer of Aryan humanity, and the mortal enemy of Aryan humanity.
• Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) The original title Hitler chose was "Four and a Half Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice.”
• Throughout Mein Kampf, Hitler refers to Jews as parasites, liars, dirty, crafty, sly, wily, clever, without any true culture, a sponger, a middleman, a maggot, eternal blood suckers, repulsive, unscrupulous, monsters, foreign, menace, bloodthirsty, avaricious, the destroyer of Aryan humanity, and the mortal enemy of Aryan humanity.
Mein KampfMein Kampf• Set forth the basic beliefs of
Nazism that became the action plan for the Nazi Party
• Wanted to unite all German people into a great German empire
• National expansion- Secure more living space/land for German people
• Enforce racial purification, wanted to form a master race of “Aryans” (blond haired blue eyed people) who were destined to rule the world
• “Inferior races” Jews, Slavs, & all nonwhites were fit only to serve Aryans
• Set forth the basic beliefs of Nazism that became the action plan for the Nazi Party
• Wanted to unite all German people into a great German empire
• National expansion- Secure more living space/land for German people
• Enforce racial purification, wanted to form a master race of “Aryans” (blond haired blue eyed people) who were destined to rule the world
• “Inferior races” Jews, Slavs, & all nonwhites were fit only to serve Aryans
Election of Adolf HitlerElection of Adolf Hitler
• Hitler was elected in a democratic election• The last election of the Weimar Republic
that governed Germany after World War I• Hitler and Nazis accused the ruling
Socialists Democrats of betraying Germany by signing the Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler was elected in a democratic election• The last election of the Weimar Republic
that governed Germany after World War I• Hitler and Nazis accused the ruling
Socialists Democrats of betraying Germany by signing the Treaty of Versailles
Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler• By 1932, Nazism the
belief in extreme nationalism & racism becomes the strongest political party in Germany
• 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor (prime minister)
• By 1932, Nazism the belief in extreme nationalism & racism becomes the strongest political party in Germany
• 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor (prime minister)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yf6_zKLbykQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yf6_zKLbykQ
Third ReichThird Reich• Once in power,
Hitler dismantled Germany’s democratic Weimar Republic & established the Third Reich or Third German Empire
• Hitler believed the Third Reich would last for a thousand years.
• Once in power, Hitler dismantled Germany’s democratic Weimar Republic & established the Third Reich or Third German Empire
• Hitler believed the Third Reich would last for a thousand years.
Burning of the Reichstag
Burning of the Reichstag
• The Reichstag building, seat of the German government, burns after being set on fire by Nazis in February of 1933.
• This enabled Adolf Hitler to seize power under the pretext of protecting the nation from threats to its security
• The Reichstag building, seat of the German government, burns after being set on fire by Nazis in February of 1933.
• This enabled Adolf Hitler to seize power under the pretext of protecting the nation from threats to its security
Oath of Allegiance to Hitler
Oath of Allegiance to Hitler• The oath of loyalty of the
soldiers of the armed forces:'I swear by God this sacred oath: I will render unconditional obedience to Adolf Hitler, the Fuhrer of the German Reich and people, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and will be ready as a brave soldier to risk my life at any time for this oath.'
• The oath of loyalty of the soldiers of the armed forces:'I swear by God this sacred oath: I will render unconditional obedience to Adolf Hitler, the Fuhrer of the German Reich and people, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and will be ready as a brave soldier to risk my life at any time for this oath.'
What is unusual about this oath?
What are soldiers committing to do?
What is unusual about this oath?
What are soldiers committing to do?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QyqxkM_Z94http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QyqxkM_Z94
Summarize
• Who is the leader of Germany?
• What type of government does Germany have?
What geographic features might have led Japan to expand?What geographic features might have led Japan to expand?
Japanese Militarist Expansion
Japanese Militarist Expansion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inA-36YRV0Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inA-36YRV0Y
Japanese CultureJapanese Culture
Emperor Hirohito
Omnipotent God
Destined by divine right to rule the world
Emperor Hirohito
Omnipotent God
Destined by divine right to rule the world
Bushido
Way of the warrior
Code of conduct
Loyalty
Death before dishonor
Bushido
Way of the warrior
Code of conduct
Loyalty
Death before dishonor
Japanese Militarist Expansion
Japanese Militarist Expansion• Wanted more
living space for a growing population
• Nationalistic Military leaders were trying to take control of the imperial government
• Wanted more living space for a growing population
• Nationalistic Military leaders were trying to take control of the imperial government
Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
Japanese Militarists launched a surprise attack and seized control of the Chinese province Manchuria within months 1931
Japanese Militarists launched a surprise attack and seized control of the Chinese province Manchuria within months 1931
Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
•League of Nations investigates Manchurian situation•Condemned Japan for their actions•Japan quit the League of Nations
•League of Nations investigates Manchurian situation•Condemned Japan for their actions•Japan quit the League of Nations
The Tanaka MemorialJapanese plan for domination of Asia & the world.
In order to conquer all of Asia & the rest of the world we must first conquer China
Japanese plan for domination of Asia & the world.
In order to conquer all of Asia & the rest of the world we must first conquer China
The Japanese Invasion of China, 1937
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoW2WYdOsvg&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoW2WYdOsvg&feature=related
The Japanese invade mainland China by dropping bombs on civilian areas in Shanghai in hopes of forcing a quick surrender
After the fall of Shanghai Japanese Army began march to Chinese capital Nanking
The Japanese invade mainland China by dropping bombs on civilian areas in Shanghai in hopes of forcing a quick surrender
After the fall of Shanghai Japanese Army began march to Chinese capital Nanking
Rape of NankingRape of Nanking
• The Japanese used mass killings
• set villages & cities on fire
• raped women and kept others as sexual slaves
• tortured, mutilated, & killed Chinese citizens
• The Japanese used mass killings
• set villages & cities on fire
• raped women and kept others as sexual slaves
• tortured, mutilated, & killed Chinese citizens
Summarize• Who is the leader of
Japan?• What are two countries
that Japan invaded in the 1930’s?
• What type of actions did Japanese soldiers take during these invasions?
• How might these aggressive acts lead to WWII?
Mussolini’s Rise to Power
Mussolini’s Rise to PowerUnemployment &
inflation led to strikes in Italy
• Middle & upper class demanded strong leadership
• A powerful speaker, Benito Mussolini appealed to wounded national pride and played on people’s fears of an economic collapse and communism
Unemployment & inflation led to strikes in Italy
• Middle & upper class demanded strong leadership
• A powerful speaker, Benito Mussolini appealed to wounded national pride and played on people’s fears of an economic collapse and communism
“Italy wants peace, work, and calm. I will give these things with love if possible, with force if necessary.”
“Italy wants peace, work, and calm. I will give these things with love if possible, with force if necessary.”
Fascism in ItalyFascism in Italy
• 1921, Mussolini established the Fascist Party, which stressed nationalism & the interests of the state above the individual•Argued power rest with a strong leader and a small group of devoted party members
• 1921, Mussolini established the Fascist Party, which stressed nationalism & the interests of the state above the individual•Argued power rest with a strong leader and a small group of devoted party members
FascismFascism
• What are some basic beliefs of fascism?
• Concentrated private wealth, control of information, massive investment in manufacture of arms and military equipment, suppression of labor movements
• What are some basic beliefs of fascism?
• Concentrated private wealth, control of information, massive investment in manufacture of arms and military equipment, suppression of labor movements
March on RomeMarch on Rome
• October 1922, Mussolini marched on Rome with thousands of his followers, whose uniform gave them the name “Black Shirts”
• October 1922, Mussolini marched on Rome with thousands of his followers, whose uniform gave them the name “Black Shirts”
Totalitarianism in ItalyTotalitarianism in Italy
• Italian king appointed Mussolini head of the government
• Called himself Il Duce, or “the leader”• Mussolini crushed all opposition and made Italy a
totalitarian state• A government that maintains complete control over its
citizens, individuals have no rights.
• Italian king appointed Mussolini head of the government
• Called himself Il Duce, or “the leader”• Mussolini crushed all opposition and made Italy a
totalitarian state• A government that maintains complete control over its
citizens, individuals have no rights.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIxAsangFZchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIxAsangFZc
Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935
Mussolini began building his Roman Empire by invading Ethiopia, one of Africa’s few remaining independent countries
Mussolini began building his Roman Empire by invading Ethiopia, one of Africa’s few remaining independent countries
Italy Invades EthiopiaItaly Invades EthiopiaThe League of
Nations responded with an economic boycott
1936 Ethiopia had fallen
The League of Nations responded with an economic boycott
1936 Ethiopia had fallen
http://www.watchmojo.com/index.php?id=10699http://www.watchmojo.com/index.php?id=10699
Emperor Haile SelassieEmperor Haile Selassie
Ethiopian emperor says, “It is us today…It will be you
tomorrow.”
Ethiopian emperor says, “It is us today…It will be you
tomorrow.”
Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936
Forged a relationship between German and Italian dictators called The “Pact of Steel” Adolf Hitler and Italian Benito Mussolini together in
Munich, June 18, 1940.
Japan Invades Manchuria
Japan Invades Manchuria
Italy invades Ethiopia
Italy invades Ethiopia
1. Which countries were aggressors?
2. What do you notice about the size of Italy & Japan with respect to the countries they invaded. What similarities do you see?
1. Which countries were aggressors?
2. What do you notice about the size of Italy & Japan with respect to the countries they invaded. What similarities do you see?
Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War
• 1936 a group of Spanish army officers led by General Francisco Franco rebelled against the Spanish republic.
• 1936 a group of Spanish army officers led by General Francisco Franco rebelled against the Spanish republic.
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
•Insurrection against a legally constituted, democratic, but left leaning government•Revolts broke out all over Spain, the Spanish Civil War began
•Insurrection against a legally constituted, democratic, but left leaning government•Revolts broke out all over Spain, the Spanish Civil War began
TheNational
Front[Nationalists]
TheNational
Front[Nationalists]
ThePopularFront
[Republicans]
ThePopularFront
[Republicans]
The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939
“Loyalists”
Workers
Peasants
Unions
Socialists
Communists
Anarchists
The “Right” Army
Industry
Landowners
The middle class
Catholic Church
Supported by Germany &
Italy
The Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War:1936 - 1939
International Response to Spanish Civil War
International Response to Spanish Civil War
• Italy & Germany backed Franco’s forces by supplying weapons, tanks, and fighter planes into Spain to test new weapons and tactics that would later be used during WWII
• Italy & Germany backed Franco’s forces by supplying weapons, tanks, and fighter planes into Spain to test new weapons and tactics that would later be used during WWII
The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WWII?
Italian troops in Madrid
“Today Spain, Tomorrow the World”“Today Spain, Tomorrow the World”
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
3,000 Americans formed the American “Lincoln Brigade” to fight
Franco
“Guernica” by Pablo Picasso
▪The overall scene is within a room where, at an open end on the left, a wide-eyed bull stands over a woman grieving over a dead child in her arms.
▪The center is occupied by a horse falling in agony as it had just been run through by a spear or javelin. It is important to note that the large gaping wound in the horse's side is a major focus of the painting.▪Two "hidden" images formed by the horse appear in Guernica:▪A human skull overlays the horse's body.▪A bull appears to gore the horse from underneath. The bull's head is formed mainly by the horse's entire front leg which has the knee on the ground. The leg's knee cap forms the head's nose. A horn appears within the horse's breast.▪The bull's tail forms the image of a flame with smoke rising from it, seemingly appearing in a window created by the lighter shade of gray surrounding it.
▪The overall scene is within a room where, at an open end on the left, a wide-eyed bull stands over a woman grieving over a dead child in her arms.
▪The center is occupied by a horse falling in agony as it had just been run through by a spear or javelin. It is important to note that the large gaping wound in the horse's side is a major focus of the painting.▪Two "hidden" images formed by the horse appear in Guernica:▪A human skull overlays the horse's body.▪A bull appears to gore the horse from underneath. The bull's head is formed mainly by the horse's entire front leg which has the knee on the ground. The leg's knee cap forms the head's nose. A horn appears within the horse's breast.▪The bull's tail forms the image of a flame with smoke rising from it, seemingly appearing in a window created by the lighter shade of gray surrounding it.
▪Under the horse is a dead, apparently dismembered soldier; his hand on a severed arm still grasps a shattered sword from which a flower grows.▪On the open palm of the dead soldier is a stigma, a symbol of martyrdom derived from the stigmata of Christ.▪A light bulb blazes in the shape of an evil eye over the suffering horse's head (the bare bulb of the torturer's cell.) Picasso's intended symbolism in regards to this object is related to the Spanish word for lightbulb; "bombilla", which makes an allusion to "bomb" and therefore signifies the destructive effect which technology can have on society.[citation needed]▪To the upper right of the horse, a frightened female figure, who seems to be witnessing the scenes before her, appears to have floated into the room through a window. Her arm, also floating in, carries a flame-lit lamp. The lamp is positioned very close to the bulb, and is a symbol of hope, clashing with the lightbulb.▪From the right, an awe-struck woman staggers towards the center below the floating female figure. She looks up blankly into the blazing light bulb.▪Daggers that suggest screaming replace the tongues of the bull, grieving woman, and horse.▪A bird, possibly a dove, stands on a shelf behind the bull in panic.▪On the far right, a figure with arms raised in terror is entrapped by fire from above and below.▪A dark wall with an open door defines the right end of the mural.
▪Under the horse is a dead, apparently dismembered soldier; his hand on a severed arm still grasps a shattered sword from which a flower grows.▪On the open palm of the dead soldier is a stigma, a symbol of martyrdom derived from the stigmata of Christ.▪A light bulb blazes in the shape of an evil eye over the suffering horse's head (the bare bulb of the torturer's cell.) Picasso's intended symbolism in regards to this object is related to the Spanish word for lightbulb; "bombilla", which makes an allusion to "bomb" and therefore signifies the destructive effect which technology can have on society.[citation needed]▪To the upper right of the horse, a frightened female figure, who seems to be witnessing the scenes before her, appears to have floated into the room through a window. Her arm, also floating in, carries a flame-lit lamp. The lamp is positioned very close to the bulb, and is a symbol of hope, clashing with the lightbulb.▪From the right, an awe-struck woman staggers towards the center below the floating female figure. She looks up blankly into the blazing light bulb.▪Daggers that suggest screaming replace the tongues of the bull, grieving woman, and horse.▪A bird, possibly a dove, stands on a shelf behind the bull in panic.▪On the far right, a figure with arms raised in terror is entrapped by fire from above and below.▪A dark wall with an open door defines the right end of the mural.
GuernicaGuernica• By Pablo Picasso depicts the Nazi German
bombing of Guernica, Spain on April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War.
• The attack killed between 250 and 1,600 people, and many more were injured.
• The Spanish government commissioned Pablo Picasso to paint a large mural for the Spanish display at the Paris International Exposition
• Guernica epitomizes the tragedies of war and the suffering war inflicts upon individuals.
• By Pablo Picasso depicts the Nazi German bombing of Guernica, Spain on April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War.
• The attack killed between 250 and 1,600 people, and many more were injured.
• The Spanish government commissioned Pablo Picasso to paint a large mural for the Spanish display at the Paris International Exposition
• Guernica epitomizes the tragedies of war and the suffering war inflicts upon individuals.
In which countries did authoritarian rulers come to power?In which countries did authoritarian rulers come to power?
Dictators Rise to Power
Exit Ticket
• Answer the 5 questions using the Timeline of Events Leading to World War II
• Put the following events in the order in which they occurred by numbering them in chronological order (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.)
• Then record the sequence of events on the flow chart.
Chapter 24 Section 2“War in Europe”
• Main Idea: Using the sudden mass attack called blitzkrieg, Germany invaded and quickly conquered many European countries.
• Why It Matters Now: Hitler’s actions started World War II and still serve as a warning to be vigilant about totalitarian government.
• Terms & Names: Neville Chamberlin non-aggression pactWinston Churchill blitzkriegCharles de Gaulleappeasement
• Main Idea: Using the sudden mass attack called blitzkrieg, Germany invaded and quickly conquered many European countries.
• Why It Matters Now: Hitler’s actions started World War II and still serve as a warning to be vigilant about totalitarian government.
• Terms & Names: Neville Chamberlin non-aggression pactWinston Churchill blitzkriegCharles de Gaulleappeasement
Learning Objective
Guiding Question: What military tactics did Germany use to expand into neighboring territories and how did other countries respond to German’s actions?Describe Germany military tactics and strategy used to quickly conquer neighboring European countries and the international response.
Warm Up
Imagine you were being robbed, what would you do?
How might size & strength of your opponent influence your response?
German Acts of Aggression
German Acts of Aggression
• 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League
• 1935 Hitler began a military build up• 1936 Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland,
a German region bordering France and Belgium that was demilitarized (DMZ) as a result of the Treaty of Versailles
• 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League
• 1935 Hitler began a military build up• 1936 Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland,
a German region bordering France and Belgium that was demilitarized (DMZ) as a result of the Treaty of Versailles
Germany Invades the Rhineland
March 7, 1936
Where is the Rhineland located? What is the Rhineland?When was it created?Why was it created?
Where is the Rhineland located? What is the Rhineland?When was it created?Why was it created?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpxdYTNkbe4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpxdYTNkbe4
Germany Invades Austria (1938)
Germany Invades Austria (1938)
• Hitler began his plan to expand into the land of his neighbors.
• Austria was created out of the former Austro Hungarian Empire after WWI at the Paris Peace Conference
• Hitler began his plan to expand into the land of his neighbors.
• Austria was created out of the former Austro Hungarian Empire after WWI at the Paris Peace Conference
• Majority of Austria’s population was German who favored unification with Germany
• March 12, 1938 German troops marched into Austria unopposed
• Majority of Austria’s population was German who favored unification with Germany
• March 12, 1938 German troops marched into Austria unopposed
The Austrian Anschluss, 1938
1 day later Germany announced that its Anschluss or “union” with Austria was complete•The U.S. & the rest of the world did nothing.
1 day later Germany announced that its Anschluss or “union” with Austria was complete•The U.S. & the rest of the world did nothing.
Adolf Hitler, Fuhrer of Germany, accepts salutes and cheers from the Nazi controlled Reichstag after
announcing the Anschluss (union) with Austria.
Adolf Hitler, Fuhrer of Germany, accepts salutes and cheers from the Nazi controlled Reichstag after
announcing the Anschluss (union) with Austria.
Invasion of Sudetenland
• 3 million German speaking people lived in the western boarder regions of Czech called the Sudetenland
• 3 million German speaking people lived in the western boarder regions of Czech called the Sudetenland
Invasion of the Sudetenland
•Hitler wanted to annex the Sudetenland to provide more living space for Germany as well as to control its important natural resources
•Hitler wanted to annex the Sudetenland to provide more living space for Germany as well as to control its important natural resources
Invasion of SudetenlandInvasion of
Sudetenland• Hitler accused the Czechs of abusing the Sudeten Germans.
• Example of Nazi newspaper headline propaganda:
“Women & Children Mowed Down by Czech Armored Cars”
• Hitler accused the Czechs of abusing the Sudeten Germans.
• Example of Nazi newspaper headline propaganda:
“Women & Children Mowed Down by Czech Armored Cars”
Brink of WarBrink of War
• Great Britain & France promised to protect Czechoslovakia at first
• War seemed inevitable
• Great Britain & France promised to protect Czechoslovakia at first
• War seemed inevitable
Predicting Responses: The Czechoslovakian
Crisis• How do you predict your country respond to the Czech crisis?
• Students will be assigned to one of six countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened• Predict how your assigned country
responded• Share predictions with class• Review actual response
Munich AgreementMunich Agreement• Hitler promised
them it would be his “last territorial demand”
• Eager to avoid war, they believed him
• Munich Agreement (1938) turned the Sudetenland over to Germany without firing a single shot.
• Hitler promised them it would be his “last territorial demand”
• Eager to avoid war, they believed him
• Munich Agreement (1938) turned the Sudetenland over to Germany without firing a single shot.
Hitler invited the Premier of France & British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin to meet with him in Munich
Hitler invited the Premier of France & British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin to meet with him in Munich
The Munich Agreement, 1938
Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do
business with.
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SetNFqcayeAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SetNFqcayeA
AppeasementAppeasement
• Giving up principles to pacify an aggressor.
• By signing the Munich Pact, Britain & France took this policy toward German aggression
• Giving up principles to pacify an aggressor.
• By signing the Munich Pact, Britain & France took this policy toward German aggression
Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill• Churchill believed
that Chamberlin adopted a policy of appeasement, giving up principles to pacify an aggressor.
• He believed the Munich Pact was dishonorable and wouldn’t prevent war.
• “Britain & France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”
• Churchill believed that Chamberlin adopted a policy of appeasement, giving up principles to pacify an aggressor.
• He believed the Munich Pact was dishonorable and wouldn’t prevent war.
• “Britain & France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”
Political Rival of the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin
Political Rival of the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlin
German OffensiveGerman Offensive
• 1939 German troops invaded what remained of Czechoslovakia
• 1939 German troops invaded what remained of Czechoslovakia
Predicting Responses: Violation of the Munich
Pact• How do you think your country responded to the violation of the Munich Pact?
• Students will be assigned to one of six countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened
• Predict how your assigned country responded
• Share predictions with class• Review actual response
Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939
Hitler gloated that “Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist.”
Hitler gloated that “Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist.”
Hitler turned his sights towards Germany’s eastern neighbor, Poland.
• Poland had a large German speaking population• Hitler accused Poland of mistreating Germans
and they needed his protection
Hitler turned his sights towards Germany’s eastern neighbor, Poland.
• Poland had a large German speaking population• Hitler accused Poland of mistreating Germans
and they needed his protection
Invasion of PolandA German attack on
Poland might bring Germany into a conflict with the Soviet Union
• As well as provoke France & GB to declare war since they promised to protect Poland
• A two front war exhausted Germany during WWI
A German attack on Poland might bring Germany into a conflict with the Soviet Union
• As well as provoke France & GB to declare war since they promised to protect Poland
• A two front war exhausted Germany during WWI
Predicting Responses: Invasion of Poland
• How did your country respond to the invasion of Poland?
• Students will be assigned to one of six countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened• Predict how your assigned country
responded• Share predictions with class• Review actual response
Nonaggression Pact
• Activity: Read the non-aggression pact.
• When was the pact made?• August 23, 1939 • Which countries made the agreement?• Soviet Union & Germany • What did Germany and the Soviet
Union agree to?• Agreed to never attack each other &
to divide Poland between them
• Activity: Read the non-aggression pact.
• When was the pact made?• August 23, 1939 • Which countries made the agreement?• Soviet Union & Germany • What did Germany and the Soviet
Union agree to?• Agreed to never attack each other &
to divide Poland between them
The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939
Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop &
Molotov
1. According to the map, which two countries invade Poland?
2. Do you think the invasion be successful or not and why?
1. According to the map, which two countries invade Poland?
2. Do you think the invasion be successful or not and why?
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
Invasion of PolandInvasion of Poland
• Blitzkrieg (blits-kreeg)- lightning war take the enemy by surprise by creating shock and then quickly crush the opposition with overwhelming force
• Blitzkrieg (blits-kreeg)- lightning war take the enemy by surprise by creating shock and then quickly crush the opposition with overwhelming force
Invasion of Poland• Luftwaffe (looft-vahf-uh) or German air
force bombed Poland’s military bases, airfields, railroads
• Luftwaffe (looft-vahf-uh) or German air force bombed Poland’s military bases, airfields, railroads
Invasion of PolandInvasion of Poland• 1.German ground forces
had overwhelmed the initial lines of Polish defense within 2 days.
• 2.Effective military opposition to the German invasion ended on October 6th, 1939.
• 3.Danzig fell on September 7th, after one week of bombardment.
• 4.Warsaw capitulated on September 28th.
• 5.65,000 Polish troops were killed in the invasion. Hundreds of thousands were captured or wounded
• 1.German ground forces had overwhelmed the initial lines of Polish defense within 2 days.
• 2.Effective military opposition to the German invasion ended on October 6th, 1939.
• 3.Danzig fell on September 7th, after one week of bombardment.
• 4.Warsaw capitulated on September 28th.
• 5.65,000 Polish troops were killed in the invasion. Hundreds of thousands were captured or wounded
German Troops March into Warsaw
Invasion of PolandInvasion of Poland
•Soviet Union attacked Poland from the east•By the end of the month, Poland ceased to exist•September 3, 1939 Britain & France declare war on Germany•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvxpd2_-fx4&feature=player_embedded - at=70
•Soviet Union attacked Poland from the east•By the end of the month, Poland ceased to exist•September 3, 1939 Britain & France declare war on Germany•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvxpd2_-fx4&feature=player_embedded - at=70
Exit Ticket• Complete the time line by arranging the following
events in the order in which they occurred.
• 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League• 1935 Germany began a military build up• 1936 Germany invaded the Rhineland• 1938 Germany Invaded Austria• 1938 Germany invaded the Sudetenland• 1938 Munich Agreement was signed• 1939 Czechoslovakia is conquered by Germany• 1939 Germany Invades Poland• 1939 Non Aggression Pact was signed• 1939 Germany & Soviet Union invade Poland• 1939 World War II Begins
Learning Objective: Guiding Question: How did Britain and France respond to German attacks in 1940?Identify significant events/battles between France, Britain, & Germany after the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
Warm Up:
• When do you think this poster was created?
• Who do you think created this poster?
• What is the purpose of the poster?
Warm Up
• Read the magazine article: Will Hitler Commit Military Suicide This Year?
• What are the possibilities presented in the article?
• Which do you predict Hitler will do & why?
France – False Sense of Security?
What is the What is the MaginotMaginot
Line?Line?
A system of fortifications built along France’s eastern boarder
A system of fortifications built along France’s eastern boarder
Phony WarPhony War
• French & British troops on the Maginot Line sat staring into Germany waiting for something to happen.
• French & British troops on the Maginot Line sat staring into Germany waiting for something to happen.
SitzkriegSitzkrieg• French, British, &
German troops often worked and rested in plain sight of each other on opposite sides of the Siegfried Line (on the German side)
• Blitzkrieg gave way to sitzkrieg “sitting war” or phony war as the newspapers called it
• French, British, & German troops often worked and rested in plain sight of each other on opposite sides of the Siegfried Line (on the German side)
• Blitzkrieg gave way to sitzkrieg “sitting war” or phony war as the newspapers called it
The “Phony War” Ends:Spring, 1940
Maginot Line was ineffectiveMaginot Line was ineffective
Invasion of FranceInvasion of France
• German army by passed the line by invading France through the Ardennes (ahr-den), a region of wooded ravines in Northeast France, thereby avoiding the British & French troops who thought it was impassable, & marched toward Paris.
• German army by passed the line by invading France through the Ardennes (ahr-den), a region of wooded ravines in Northeast France, thereby avoiding the British & French troops who thought it was impassable, & marched toward Paris.
Invasion of FranceInvasion of France
• Italy entered the war on the side of Germany & invaded France from the south as German troops approached from the North British & French soldiers were surrounded.
• Italy entered the war on the side of Germany & invaded France from the south as German troops approached from the North British & French soldiers were surrounded.
WWII in color -4:48
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bl4eXcoU6A0&feature=relmfu
WWII in color -4:48
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bl4eXcoU6A0&feature=relmfu
Dunkirk (duhn-kurk)Dunkirk (duhn-kurk)
• The German offensive trapped 400,000 British & French soldiers who fled to the beaches of Dunkirk on the French side of the English Channel.
• The German offensive trapped 400,000 British & French soldiers who fled to the beaches of Dunkirk on the French side of the English Channel.
800 tugboats, fishing boats, river barges, etc ferried 330,000 French & British soldiers to safety across the English Channel.
800 tugboats, fishing boats, river barges, etc ferried 330,000 French & British soldiers to safety across the English Channel.
Dunkirk France EvacuatedDunkirk France Evacuated
Dunkirk France EvacuatedDunkirk France Evacuated
WWII in color 6:14-8:37
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bl4eXcoU6A0&feature=relmfu
WWII in color 6:14-8:37
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bl4eXcoU6A0&feature=relmfu
Dunkirk France EvacuatedJune 4, 1940
British soldiers captured by the Germans at Dunkirk, France, in June 1940.
British soldiers captured by the Germans at Dunkirk, France, in June 1940.
Predicting Responses: The Invasion of France
• How do you think your country responded to the threat of the fall of Paris?
• Students will be assigned to one of six countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened• Predict how your assigned country
responded• Share predictions with class• Review actual response
France SurrendersJune, 1940
A French man weeps as the Nazis march into Paris, June 14, 1940, beginning a four-year occupation of the 'City of Lights.'
A French man weeps as the Nazis march into Paris, June 14, 1940, beginning a four-year occupation of the 'City of Lights.'
France SurrendersFrance Surrenders
• Germans would occupy the northern part of France
• Germans would occupy the northern part of France
A Divided France
Marshall Petain
Nazi controlled puppet government headed by Marshall Philippe Petain set up at Vichy France
Nazi controlled puppet government headed by Marshall Philippe Petain set up at Vichy France
•Charles de Gaulle a French general fled to England where he set up a government in exile.
•Charles de Gaulle a French general fled to England where he set up a government in exile.
“France has lost a battle, but France has not lost the war.”
“France has lost a battle, but France has not lost the war.”
General Charles DeGaulleGeneral Charles DeGaulle
The French ResistanceThe French Resistance
Now Britain Is All Alone!
The BlitzThe Blitz
•German Luftwaffe made bombing runs over Britain in attempt to destroy Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF)•Every night for 2 months German planes bombed British targets (airfields, aircraft, cities)
•German Luftwaffe made bombing runs over Britain in attempt to destroy Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF)•Every night for 2 months German planes bombed British targets (airfields, aircraft, cities)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJd9LZSjP8s
WWII in color 10:35-1:30
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJd9LZSjP8s
WWII in color 10:35-1:30
Predicting Responses: The Battle of Britain
• How do you think your country responded to the Battle of Britain?
• Students will be assigned to one of six countries based on row
• Read the summary of what happened• Predict how your assigned country
responded• Share predictions with class• Review actual response
The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain
• RAF fought back with the help of radar, British pilots accurately plotted the flight paths of German planes in darkness & shot down over 185 German planes
• Hitler called off the invasion indefinitely
• RAF fought back with the help of radar, British pilots accurately plotted the flight paths of German planes in darkness & shot down over 185 German planes
• Hitler called off the invasion indefinitely
• What are the children doing?
• What might they be looking for?
• Where are they located?
• What might it feel like to be kid then?
• What was happening?
• What are the children doing?
• What might they be looking for?
• Where are they located?
• What might it feel like to be kid then?
• What was happening?
Battle of Britain: The “Blitz”An aircraft spotter on the roof of a building in London with Saint Paul's Cathedral in the background.
An aircraft spotter on the roof of a building in London with Saint Paul's Cathedral in the background.
Firefighters putting out fires after a German air raid
Firefighters putting out fires after a German air raid
Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
Saint Paul's Cathedral stands gloriously in the distance amid the wreckage caused by the German fire-bombing of London. Sunday, December 29, 1940.
Saint Paul's Cathedral stands gloriously in the distance amid the wreckage caused by the German fire-bombing of London. Sunday, December 29, 1940.
The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the
Blitz
Three children who have been left homeless by the random bombs of German night raiders, sit outside the wreckage of their home.
Three children who have been left homeless by the random bombs of German night raiders, sit outside the wreckage of their home.
Daily life in a damaged residential neighborhood.
Daily life in a damaged residential neighborhood.
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Mapping ActivityMapping Activity• Draw an arrow to indicate European countries
invaded by Germany between 1938-1941.• Label the year the country was invaded in
parenthesis underneath the name or above the arrow.
• Color each country using colored pencils or outline in marker.
• Draw an arrow to indicate European countries invaded by Germany between 1938-1941.
• Label the year the country was invaded in parenthesis underneath the name or above the arrow.
• Color each country using colored pencils or outline in marker.
Exit Ticket
• Complete the timeline activity by arranging the following events in the order in which they occurred.
1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League 1935 Germany began a military build up 1936 Germany invaded the Rhineland 1938 Germany Invaded Austria 1938 Germany invaded the Sudetenland 1938 Munich Agreement was signed 1939 Czechoslovakia is conquered by Germany 1939 Germany Invades Poland 1939 Non Aggression Pact was signed 1939 World War II Begins
Chapter 24 Section 4“America Moves Toward
War”
Chapter 24 Section 4“America Moves Toward
War”• Main Idea: In response to the fighting in Europe, the U.S. provided economic and military aid to help achieve allied victory.
• Why It Matters Now: The military capability of the U.S. became a deciding factor in WWII & in world affairs ever since.
• Terms & Names: Axis Powers, Allies, Lend-Lease Act, Atlantic Charter, Hideki Tojo, Pearl Harbor
• Main Idea: In response to the fighting in Europe, the U.S. provided economic and military aid to help achieve allied victory.
• Why It Matters Now: The military capability of the U.S. became a deciding factor in WWII & in world affairs ever since.
• Terms & Names: Axis Powers, Allies, Lend-Lease Act, Atlantic Charter, Hideki Tojo, Pearl Harbor
Learning Objective:
• Guiding Question: How does the U.S. respond to the outbreak of war in Europe?
• Identify several ways in which the US assisted the Allies without declaring war.
• Summarize the events that brought the US into armed conflict with Germany.
Gallery Tour
• In a single file line, walk around the room and read the timeline of events leading up to U.S. entry into World War II.
• How do you think the United States should respond to each of these events?
• At what point, if any, do you think the U.S. should join the war?
How should the U.S. respond?• After Japan invaded Manchuria 1931• After Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles by building up its military in 1935• After Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935• After Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles again by invading the Rhineland
which was a demilitarized zone March 7, 1936• After Mussolini & Hitler sign the Pact of Steel 1936• After Japan invaded China & the Rape of Nanjing in 1937• After Germany invaded Austria March 12, 1938• After Germany invaded the Sudetenland September 30, 1938• After Germany invaded Czechoslovakia 1939• After Germany invaded Poland September 1, 1939• After Britain & France declared war on Germany September 3, 1939• After France surrendered to Germany June 1940• After the Battle of Britain December 29, 1940• After Germany, Japan, & Italy form the Tripartite Pact/Axis Powers 1940• After Japan attacks Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941• The United States should not enter the war.
U.S. Responds Cautiously
U.S. Responds Cautiously
• Most Americans were alarmed by the international conflicts but believed that the U.S. should not get involved
• Most Americans were alarmed by the international conflicts but believed that the U.S. should not get involved
America Clings to Isolationism
America Clings to Isolationism
• In 1930’s numerous books argued that U.S. was dragged into WWI by greedy bankers and manufacturers
• Congressional Committee led by General Nye held hearings to investigate the charges
• Documented the large profits that bankers and manufacturers made during the war
• Made Americans determined to avoid war
• In 1930’s numerous books argued that U.S. was dragged into WWI by greedy bankers and manufacturers
• Congressional Committee led by General Nye held hearings to investigate the charges
• Documented the large profits that bankers and manufacturers made during the war
• Made Americans determined to avoid war
International Agreements
Locarno Pact – 1925France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy
Guarantee existing frontiers Establish DMZ 30 miles deep on
East bank of Rhine River
Refrain from aggression against each other
Kellogg-Briand Pact – 1928 Makes war illegal as a tool of diplomacy
No enforcement provisions
FDR Foreign PolicyFDR Foreign Policy• 1933, recognized the Soviet
Union & agreed to exchange ambassadors with Moscow
• Good Neighbor policy of nonintervention in Latin America and withdrew armed forces stationed there
• 1934, pushed the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act which lowered trade barriers by giving the president the power to make trade agreements with other nations, aimed at lowering tariffs
• 1933, recognized the Soviet Union & agreed to exchange ambassadors with Moscow
• Good Neighbor policy of nonintervention in Latin America and withdrew armed forces stationed there
• 1934, pushed the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act which lowered trade barriers by giving the president the power to make trade agreements with other nations, aimed at lowering tariffs
http://www.encyclopedia.com/video/dX1UoMWapzg-us-recognizes-soviet-russia-1933.aspx
http://www.encyclopedia.com/video/dX1UoMWapzg-us-recognizes-soviet-russia-1933.aspx
U.S. Neutrality Acts:1934, 1935, 1937, 1939
Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war.
Extended the ban on arms sales and loans to nations engaged in Civil War-such as Spain.
Forbade US citizens from traveling on belligerent ships
Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war.
Extended the ban on arms sales and loans to nations engaged in Civil War-such as Spain.
Forbade US citizens from traveling on belligerent ships
Neutrality ActsNeutrality Acts
When Japan invaded China FDR claimed there was no need to enforce the Neutrality Acts because Japan had not formally declared war on China
• U.S. continued sending arms and supplies to China
When Japan invaded China FDR claimed there was no need to enforce the Neutrality Acts because Japan had not formally declared war on China
• U.S. continued sending arms and supplies to China
Cash-and-Carry (1939)Cash-and-Carry (1939)
• Congress passed a provision to the Neutrality Acts that allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash & transported them on their own ships
• FDR hoped the arms would help France & Britain defeat Hitler & keep the U.S. out of the war.
• Congress passed a provision to the Neutrality Acts that allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash & transported them on their own ships
• FDR hoped the arms would help France & Britain defeat Hitler & keep the U.S. out of the war.
America Builds Up it Defenses
America Builds Up it Defenses• FDR provided the British with “all aid
short of war” he sent 500,000 rifles, 80,000 machine guns to Great Britain.
• FDR asks Congress to increase military spending in response to Nazi victories.
• Congress passed Nation’s 1st peace time military draft Selective Training & Selective Service Act registered 16 million men between 21-35.
• FDR runs for a 3rd term, reelected with 55% of the votes, promised to keep nation out of war
• FDR provided the British with “all aid short of war” he sent 500,000 rifles, 80,000 machine guns to Great Britain.
• FDR asks Congress to increase military spending in response to Nazi victories.
• Congress passed Nation’s 1st peace time military draft Selective Training & Selective Service Act registered 16 million men between 21-35.
• FDR runs for a 3rd term, reelected with 55% of the votes, promised to keep nation out of war
The Great Arsenal of Democracy
The Great Arsenal of Democracy• FDR- “You can’t
tame a tiger into a kitten..”
• -impossible to negotiate with Hitler
• If Britain fell, the Axis powers would be unchallenged to conquer the world
• U.S. must prevent that situation & turn itself into a “great arsenal of democracy”
• FDR- “You can’t tame a tiger into a kitten..”
• -impossible to negotiate with Hitler
• If Britain fell, the Axis powers would be unchallenged to conquer the world
• U.S. must prevent that situation & turn itself into a “great arsenal of democracy”http://www.schooltube.com/video/30747e2e060f4e4efc5b/
http://www.myoldradio.com/old-radio-episodes/fdr-great-arsenal-of-democracy-speech/11
Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union..........................$11 billionFrance..................................$3 billionChina..................................$1.5 billionOther European......................$500 millionSouth America.......................$400 million
The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941
U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941
1941 Lend Lease Act- lend or lease arms & other supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.
1941 Lend Lease Act- lend or lease arms & other supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.
Lend-LeaseLend-Lease
Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter
• A joint proclamation by the United States and Britain declaring that they were fighting the Axis powers to "ensure life, liberty, independence and religious freedom and to preserve the rights of man and justice."
• A joint proclamation by the United States and Britain declaring that they were fighting the Axis powers to "ensure life, liberty, independence and religious freedom and to preserve the rights of man and justice."
Do you recognize anyone? Who?
Where are they?
How can you tell?
Do you recognize anyone? Who?
Where are they?
How can you tell?
The Atlantic Charter• Roosevelt and
Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941.
• Solidifies alliance.
• Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points.
• Calls for League of Nations type organization.
Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter• FDR & Churchill met secretly aboard battleship
USS Augusta 1941• Both countries pledged: collective security,
disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, freedom of the seas.
• FDR promised he would do everything to force an incident
• Became the basis of the “Declaration of the United Nations” signed by 26 nations to express the common purpose of the Allies the renunciation of all aggression, right to self-government, access to raw materials, freedom from want and fear, freedom of the seas, and disarmament of aggressor nations.
• FDR & Churchill met secretly aboard battleship USS Augusta 1941
• Both countries pledged: collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, freedom of the seas.
• FDR promised he would do everything to force an incident
• Became the basis of the “Declaration of the United Nations” signed by 26 nations to express the common purpose of the Allies the renunciation of all aggression, right to self-government, access to raw materials, freedom from want and fear, freedom of the seas, and disarmament of aggressor nations.
Shoot on SiteShoot on Site
• German submarine fired on the U.S destroyer Greer in Sept 1941
• FDR ordered navy commanders to shoot German submarines on site
• German submarine fired on the U.S destroyer Greer in Sept 1941
• FDR ordered navy commanders to shoot German submarines on site
• Days later German U-Boats sank the U.S. Destroyer Rueben James killing 100 U.S. sailors
• FDR announced, “The shooting has started and history will record who fired the first shot.”
• A full scale war seemed inevitable however the attack that brought the U.S. into the war came from Japan
• Days later German U-Boats sank the U.S. Destroyer Rueben James killing 100 U.S. sailors
• FDR announced, “The shooting has started and history will record who fired the first shot.”
• A full scale war seemed inevitable however the attack that brought the U.S. into the war came from Japan
1. What does Uncle Sam turning his back on Europe show about American attitudes in the late 1930’s?
2. What U.S. policy is this cartoon referencing?
3. Why might the Atlantic Ocean appeared to have shrunk in the 1930’s?
1. What does Uncle Sam turning his back on Europe show about American attitudes in the late 1930’s?
2. What U.S. policy is this cartoon referencing?
3. Why might the Atlantic Ocean appeared to have shrunk in the 1930’s?
Exit Ticket: U.S. Response
Exit Ticket: U.S. Response
Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective
• Guiding Question: Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
• Cite 3 pieces of evidence from the documents as to why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
• Guiding Question: Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
• Cite 3 pieces of evidence from the documents as to why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
Warm Up:
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 1940The Tripartite
Pact
Germany, Italy, & Japan signed the Tripartite Pact becoming the Axis Powers. Agreed to come to the defense of the others in case of an attack.
Germany, Italy, & Japan signed the Tripartite Pact becoming the Axis Powers. Agreed to come to the defense of the others in case of an attack.
MussoliniMussoliniHitlerHitlerTojoTojo
Political Cartoon Analysis
Political Cartoon Analysis
• Which 3 countries are represented by the figures?• Identify the figures by name.• What do the figures appear to be doing?• What event does this cartoon deal with?
• Which 3 countries are represented by the figures?• Identify the figures by name.• What do the figures appear to be doing?• What event does this cartoon deal with?
Document Based Questions
Document Based Questions
• Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?• Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
Japan in the Pacific• Hideki Tojo
Prime minister of Japan & chief of staff of Japan’s Kwantung Army invaded French, British, & Dutch colonies in Asia hoping to unite East Asia under Japanese control
• Hideki Tojo Prime minister of Japan & chief of staff of Japan’s Kwantung Army invaded French, British, & Dutch colonies in Asia hoping to unite East Asia under Japanese control
Japan took control of French Indochina (present day Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
Japan took control of French Indochina (present day Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
• According to the cartoon, how does the U.S. respond to Japanese militaristic expansion?
• protested by cutting off trade with Japan (embargo)
• Japan couldn’t survive without oil
• According to the cartoon, how does the U.S. respond to Japanese militaristic expansion?
• protested by cutting off trade with Japan (embargo)
• Japan couldn’t survive without oil
Was the American government aware that the Japanese might attack the U.S. after the oil embargo?
How did the U.S. feel about this possibility?
Why might the U.S. have wanted the Japanese to attack first?
Was the American government aware that the Japanese might attack the U.S. after the oil embargo?
How did the U.S. feel about this possibility?
Why might the U.S. have wanted the Japanese to attack first?
Peace Talks?Peace Talks?• Nov 5, 1941 Hideki Tojo ordered the
Japanese military to prepare for an attack on the U.S.
• U.S military had broken Japan’s secret communication codes & learned that Japan was preparing for a strike but didn’t know where
• FDR sent out a “war warning” to military commanders in Hawaii, Guam, & the Philippines that, “the U.S. desires that Japan commit the first overt act.”
• Dec 6, 1941 U.S. decoded a Japanese message that instructed the Japan’s peace envoy to reject all American peace proposals
• Nov 5, 1941 Hideki Tojo ordered the Japanese military to prepare for an attack on the U.S.
• U.S military had broken Japan’s secret communication codes & learned that Japan was preparing for a strike but didn’t know where
• FDR sent out a “war warning” to military commanders in Hawaii, Guam, & the Philippines that, “the U.S. desires that Japan commit the first overt act.”
• Dec 6, 1941 U.S. decoded a Japanese message that instructed the Japan’s peace envoy to reject all American peace proposals
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af10ZxmjogQ Pearl Harbor video clip 31:37-33:52http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af10ZxmjogQ Pearl Harbor video clip 31:37-33:52
Pearl HarborPearl Harbor• Dec 7, 1941 Japanese dive bombers attacked U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor
• 180 Japanese warplanes launched from 6 aircraft carriers bombed targets until 9:30 am
• Dec 7, 1941 Japanese dive bombers attacked U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor
• 180 Japanese warplanes launched from 6 aircraft carriers bombed targets until 9:30 am
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af10ZxmjogQ 36:58-38:56http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af10ZxmjogQ 36:58-38:56
•Japanese killed 2,403 Americans wounded 1,178. •Damaged 21 ships, including 8 battleships•300 aircraft were destroyed or damaged•3 aircraft carriers were at sea managed to escape disaster
•Japanese killed 2,403 Americans wounded 1,178. •Damaged 21 ships, including 8 battleships•300 aircraft were destroyed or damaged•3 aircraft carriers were at sea managed to escape disaster
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese PilotPearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilothttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af10ZxmjogQ 48:18-49:12 intercepting messages
1:03:32-1:04:17
1:05-1:09
1:18:45
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af10ZxmjogQ 48:18-49:12 intercepting messages
1:03:32-1:04:17
1:05-1:09
1:18:45
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/multimedia/interactive/pearl-harbor/?ar_a=1 interactive Pearl Harbor timeline
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/multimedia/interactive/pearl-harbor/?ar_a=1 interactive Pearl Harbor timeline
USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor
a bomb penetrated into the forward magazine causing massive explosions and killing 1,104 men.a bomb penetrated into the forward magazine causing massive explosions and killing 1,104 men.
Pearl Harbor Memorial
2,403 Americans Dead!
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!
The USS Shaw explodes during the Japanese air raid.The USS Shaw explodes during the Japanese air raid.
Exit Ticket
• Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
• Cite 3 reasons using the documents as evidence.