ch 5 gp123 good copy

8/9/2019 Ch 5 Gp123 Good Copy

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Human Development

Chapter 5 gp 1-3


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GP 1 What are the 6

approaches to the study of

cognitive development?

1. The behaviourist approach Behaviourism is a

tenet based on the idea that behaviour can belearned without involvement of the mind. (we will

look at both classical and operant conditioning as an

example of this later in the presentation)


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2. The psychometric approach

In this century the

psychometric approach

has been the primary

method of studying

intelligence . This methodis based on the

presumption that

intelligence is a

measurable (quantifiable)factor, and thus the IQ

test was born.


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3. The Piagetian Approach

Piaget emphasized that childrencannot learn something until

maturation gives them certain

prerequisites. The ability to

learn any cognitive content is

always related to their stage of

intellectual development.

Children who are at a certain

stage cannot be taught the

concepts of a higher stage.


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4. The Info-Processing

Approach Like a computer, the

human mind takes in

information, performs

operations on it tochange its form and

content, stores and

locates it and

generates responsesto it.


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The Cognitive Neuroscience

Approach Deals with the actual

brain and nervous

system and seeks to

understand whatparts of the brain are

involved in learning,

memory,

understanding etc.


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The social contextual Approach

Examines the effects

aspects of

environment (parents

caregivers etc) forunderstanding

behavioral change


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2. How do infants learn and how

long can they remember?


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1. How do infants learn and how

long can they remember?


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3. Can infants and toddlers

intelligence be measured,

and how can it be improved? An IQ test measures

how much

intelligence aperson has againststandardized norms.Norms are obtained

from the scores of alarge representativesample of people.

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and how can it be improved? Validity refers to theability of the test tomeasure what is

being tested.Reliability meansthat the tests areconsistent from onetime to another.

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and how can it be improved? Measuring an infants IQ is

difficult since they cannotanswer questions and it isusually not really

necessary unless there isa developmental delay theparents are concernedabout. The Bayley Scalesof Infant Development is atest that can give a

reasonably accuratemeasure of an infantsdevelopment.See table 5.1on page 158

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