ch. 9. aquatic ecosystems and physiology: energy flow productivity dissolved oxygen fig. 9.1....
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Ch. 9.Aquatic ecosystems
and Physiology:
Energy Flow Productivity Dissolved Oxygen
Fig. 9.1. Hypothetical Trophic Structure Model. Boxes are filled with functional groups, measured as calories of energy, or moles of chemicals, biomass, or numbers.
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Fig 1.14a. Energy flow model of Cedar Bog Lake, Minnesota (Lindeman 1942)
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Food Web Model:
Boxes are filled with SPECIES.
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Fig 1.14b. Energy flow model of Silver Springs, Florida (Odum 1971)
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PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Fig. 9.4.
NPP = GPP – Respiration
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The world's ecosystems vary tremendously in productivity.
In terms of NPP per unit area, the most productive systems are estuaries, swamps and marshes, tropical rain forests, and temperate rain forests
To calcualte the total amount of NPP in the world, these values must be multiplied by the area that the various ecosystems occupy.
The most productive systems are open oceans, tropical rain forests, savannas, and tropical seasonal forests
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1.html
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Horne and Goldman 1994
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Horne and Goldman 1994
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Kalff 2002
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Horne and Goldman 1994
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Importance of dissolved oxygen in aquatic systems
• Affect the distribution of aerobic heterotrophic life
• Impacts the solubility of phosphorus and other nutrients
• Influences redox potential (Ch. 10) and thus the solubility of redox-sensitive materials
• May be used to estimate ecosystem productivity
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Photo-inhibition
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Productivity may be measured in units of mgC volume-1 time-1
Because it takes two moles of O2 to fix 1 mole of C, productivity may also be measured in units of mgO2 volume-1 time-1
CO2 + H2O CH2O + O2
Ratio of moles of C to moles of oxygen = 12/32 = 0.375; i.o.w. 1 mg O2 produced = 0.375 mg C fixed
Examples of productivity measurement techniques:
Light - dark bottles
Diel cycles in oxygen levels
14C uptake
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Lingeman and Ruardij, 1981
PN=PG-R
R
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Kalff 2002
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Kalff 2002
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Kalff 2002