Ch 9 Sec 1-4

Expanding Markets and Moving Westward

Fun Facts

• During the Gold Rush in 1849, some people paid as much as $100 for a glass of water!

• If a surgeon in Ancient Egypt lost a patient while performing an operation, his hands were cut off.

• In the 1930's, American track star Jesse Owens used to race against horses and dogs to earn a living.

Questions to think about!!!

• Have any of you moved to a new community, switched schools, or experienced a major

change in your lives? • Could this type of change give you an

opportunity to make a fresh start? • How could it be positive or negative?

The Big Picture

Many Americans assumed the United States would extend its dominance (through the idea of Manifest Destiny) to the Pacific Ocean and

create a vast republic that would spread democracy and civilization across the

Continent.

Trails to the West

• What was life like on these different trails out west?

• Life was very difficult because of the lack of infrastructure out west

• Many westerners fell victim to Native American attacks, disease, drought/famine and loneliness

Trails to the West

• What group decided to head toward Utah and why?

• The Mormon religious group headed west due to persecution toward their faith and practices

• Brigham Young decides to move his followers to Utah Territory settling in Salt Lake City

Trails to the West

• What dispute took place over the Oregon Territory?

• Britain claimed joint occupation of Oregon Territory, upsetting U.S. citizens (54th/40 or fight)

• U.S. and England come to a compromise (49th Parallel) before war could break out

Cause• In May of 1832, American

settlers took over Native American (Sauk/Fox) land and began forcing Native Americans to go west of Mississippi River

• Rebellion by Native American tribes in the area started The Black Hawk War

Effects• War• Native Americans

slaughtered by U.S. troops• By August of 1832-Sauk/Fox

forcibly removed west of Mississippi River

The Fort Laramie Treaty

Cause• American settlers fear of

Native American attack across the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains

Effects• Various tribes and U.S.

government agreed to make “an effective and lasting peace”

• U.S. government will eventually violate treaty with Native Americans when American settlers begin to take over region

Question to ponder!!!

Who has more claim to a piece of land-an absentee owner or a person who takes care of

it?

Big Picture

After Mexico won its independence from Spain, Americans began settling in northern Mexico, leading to the Texas War for Independence.

Brain Scan

• Experts say if you do this at a job interview it helps your chances of getting the job– Wear eye glasses

• 25 percent of people don’t know this about themselves.– Their zodiac sign

Texas Independence 1821-1824

Mexico offers grants to anyone who brings settlers to Texas Why did Mexico want

Americans to settle Texas?• To protect the territory from

Native Americans and horse thieves

Why did Americans want to settle Texas?

• Remove barriers to settlement in the West

• For cheap and fertile land• To gain wealth

What brought American settlers into conflict with the Mexican government?

• Language differences, religious differences, issue of slavery• Americans wanted more freedom and government than

Mexico was willing or able to offer

Texas Independence 1835

The Texas Revolution is led by Texans eager to gain Independence from Mexico

What happened at the Alamo?• Santa Anna’s troops laid

siege for 12 days• Mexican troops finally

scaled the walls killing nearly all defenders

• Becomes rally cry (“Remember the Alamo”) for the rest of the war

Texas Independence 1836-1845

The Republic of Texas is formed. Sam Houston invites the U.S. to annex Texas.

Why was the U.S. at first reluctant to annex Texas?

• Northerners opposed slavery and objected to annexation of another slave state

• Many feared annexation would lead to war with Mexico

• Texas becomes the 21st state in 1845

Question to think about!!!

Do you think war is ever justified? Why or why not?

Do you think acquiring more land is a justifiable reason for war?