ch01 (1)
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Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 1.1Simplified description of a control system
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
a. Early elevators were controlled by hand ropes or an elevator operator. Here, a rope is cut to demonstrate the safety brake, an innovation in earlyelevators;b. Modern Duo-lift elevators make their way up the Grande Arche in Paris, driven by one motor, with each car counterbalancing the other. Today, elevators are fully automatic, using control systems to regulate position and velocity.
Figure 1.2Elevators
Photos courtesy of United Technologies Otis Elevator.
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 1.3Rover was built towork in contaminatedareas at Three MileIsland in Middleton,PA, where a nuclearaccident occurred in1979. The remotecontrolled robot’s long arm can be seen at the front of the vehicle.
Photo © Hank Morgan/Rainbow/PNI.
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 1.4a. Video laser discplayer;b. objective lensreading pits on alaser disc;c. optical path forplayback showingtracking mirror rotated by a control system to keep the laser beam positioned on the pits.
(c) Pioneer Electronics, Inc.
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure1.5Elevator input and output
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 1.6Block diagrams of control systems:a. open-loop system;b. closed-loop system
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 1.7Computer hard disk drive, showing disks and read/write head
Courtesy of Quantum Corp.
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 1.8The search forextraterrestrial life isbeing carried out withradio antennas like the one pictured here. A radio antenna is anexample of a systemwith position controls.
© Peter Menzel.
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
a. system concept;b. detailed layout;c. schematic;d. functional block diagram
Figure 1.9Antenna azimuth position control system:
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 1.10Response of a position control system showing effect of high and low controller gain on the output response
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 1.11The control system design process
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure 1.12Equivalent block diagram for the antenna azimuth position control system
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Table 1.1Test waveforms used in control systems
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure P1.1Potentiometer
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure P1.2Aircraft attitude defined
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure P1.3Winder
© J. Ayers, 1988.
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure P1.4Control of a nuclear reactor
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure P1.5Grinder system © 1997, ASME.
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure P1.6High-speed proportional solenoid valve © 1996, ASME.
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure P1.7RL network
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure P1.8RLC network
Control Systems Engineering, Fourth Edition by Norman S. NiseCopyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Figure P1.9High-speed rail system showing pantograph and catenary
© 1997, ASME.