ch0204 organic chemical technology

CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology

Lecture 12

Chapter 4 Synthe2c fibers

Balasubramanian S Assistant Professor (OG) Department of Chemical Engineering

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Chapter 4 Synthe2c Fibers

Acrylics

Polyamides

Polyesters

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Overview of topics

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Synthetic (or man-made fibers)

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What are Synthe2c Fibers? The clothes that we wear are made up of fabrics Fabrics are made up of fibers Depending on the sources the fibers are classified in two types 1.  Natural and 2. Synthe2c Natural fibers are the fibers which are obtained from plants and animals e.g. silk and wool Synthe2c fibers are made by human beings or also called as man-‐made fibers Nylon, Polyester, Rayon etc.


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Natural Fiber, Silk wool


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Synthe2c Fibers

Nylon

Polyester


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The first synthe2c or man-‐made fiber is cellulose nitrate and the next synthe2c fiber is regenerated cellulose or viscose. Some of the man-‐made fibers emerged aYer 1940’s were acrylics, polyamides, polyesters and polyolefin. The uses of man-‐made fibers depend upon the nature of the individual fiber. Clothing, Carpets, and Upholstery are all made largely, or wholly, of synthe2c fibers.

Acrylics

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Acrylic fibers are synthe'c fibers made from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile) with an average molecular weight of ~100, 000 about 1900 monomer units The Dupont Corpora2on created the first Acrylic fibers in 1941 and trademarked them under the name “Orlon”

Polyamide (Nylon fiber) Production

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Process Hexamethylene diamine

Adipic Acid

Ace2c acid Nitrogen

Water

Air

Steam

Polyamide (Nylon)

Polyamides

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A polyamide is a polymer containing monomers of amides. They occurs both naturally and ar'ficially. Polyamides are commonly used in tex'les, automo'ves, carpet and sports wear.

Polyamides – Method of production

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Adipic acid + Hexamethylene diamine Hexamethylene diammonium adipate (or) nylon salt Poly(hexa methylene adipamide) or Nylon

Polyamides (Nylon)


2 – 3 atm 240 – 280 oc

A heat transfer fluid and is a mixture of biphenyl (C12 H10 and diphenyl oxide (C12H10O)

2 – 3 atm 240 – 280 oc

Uses of Polyamides (Nylon)


Used in the manufacture of 1.  Unlubricated or non lubricated bearings 2.  Bags 3.  Fabrics 4.  Ropes 5.  Fishing line or net



Used in the manufacture of unlubricated or non lubricated bearings



Used in the manufacture of bags

Used in the manufacture of fabrics



Used in the manufacture of ropes

Used in the manufacture of Fish lines or fish nets

Polyesters (PET)


Process p-‐Xylene

Air

Methanol Ethylene glycol

Catalyst

Water

Steam

Polyethylene Therepthalate

Polyesters (PET)


The common polyester fibers are polymers of the ester

formed from dimethyl terepthalate and ethylene glycol Produc'on steps 1. Prepara2on of intermediates 2. Polymeriza2on of ester monomers

P-‐xylene Terepthalic acid Dimethyl terephthalate

Polyesters (PET)


Polymeriza2on is a two stage 1.  Monomer is first prepared either by an ester

interchange between dimethyl terepthalate and ethylene glycol or by direct esterifica2on of terepthalic acid

2.  The second stage is the polymeriza2on of monomer to

yield polyethylene terephthalate (Polyester)

Polyesters-PET


H2SO4

Uses of Polyesters (PET)


Used in the manufacture of 1.  Fabrics 2.  Wrinkle free fabrics 3.  Hoses 4.  V belts 5.  Pillows 6.  Carpets

Uses of Polyesters


Fabric Wrinkle free fabric

Uses of Polyesters


Hose V -‐ Belts

Uses of Polyesters


Pillows

Carpets

Polyesters manufacturers in India


VACMET INDIA LIMITED Anant Plaza, IInd Floor 4/117-‐2A, Civil Lines, Church Road, Agra -‐ 282 002, Uhar Pradesh (INDIA)

Indo Rama Synthe'cs (India) Limited 31-‐A, MIDC Industrial Area, Bu2bori, Nagpur -‐ 441122

Filatex India Limited (FIL) Noida Office and Plant A-‐2 Noida Extension, Phase-‐II, Dist. Gautam Budh Nagar (U.P)-‐201301 (INDIA)

Relance Industries Limited Barabanki Manufacturing Division Near Lucknow, Uhar Pradesh India

Jiwarajka Tex'le Industries 220 Atlanta Estate, 2nd Floor, Vit Bhai, Goregaon (E), Mumbai 400063

Viscose Rayon


1.  Alkali Conversion Cellulose + NaoH = Alkali Cellulose + Water

2. CS2 Stabiliza2on/Solubiliza2on Alkali Cellulose + Carbon disulphide = Sodium

Cellulose Xanthane 3. Acid Regenera2on Sodium Cellulose Xanthane +Sulfuric Acid = Rayon

+ Carbon disulphide + Sodium bisulphate

Major Steps

Viscose Rayon


2 – 4 h

2 – 3 days

Alkali Conversion

CS2 or Carbon di sulphide stabiliza'on/solubiliza'on

4 – 5 days Acid Regenera'on


1.  Dryden C. E, Outlines of Chemical technology – for the 21st Century, 3rd edi2on, East-‐West Press (2004)

2.  Aus2n G. T, Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries, 5th edi2on, Mc Graw Hill Interna2onal edi2ons (1984)

References


Thank you

ch0204 organic chemical technology

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