ch07_phantichhanhvi_01

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Phn tch hnh vi -M hnh ha s tng tc

Nguyn Hng Phng, MScB mn H thng thng tinVin CNTT&TT HBK H NiEmail: [email protected]: http://is.hut.edu.vn/~phuongnh

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Ni dung

1. MHH s tng tc vi biu trnh t2. MHH s tng tc vi biu giao tip3. i chiu, chnh sa cc MH cu trc v

tng tc4. Bi tp tng hp

Khi nim

Hnh vi (hay ng thi) l s hot ng ca cc i tng nhm to ra cc kch bn.

Hnh vi bao gm tng tc (trao i thng ip) v ng x (phn ng vi cc s kin).

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1. MHH s tng tc vi biu trnh t

1.1. Mc ch MHH tng tc1.2. Cc thng ip1.3. Biu trnh t1.4. MHH tng tc trong ca s dng vi

b trnh t

1.1. Mc ch MHH tng tc

Mc ch ca bc m hnh ho tng tc l dng cc biu tng tc din t s tng tc gia cc i tng nhm to ra cc kch bn ca mi ca s dng ca h thng.

Hnh thc tng tc duy nht c th c gia cc i tng l chuyn giao thng ip v c hai biu chnh c s dng din t s tng tc (mt cch tng ng vi nhau) l biu trnh t v biu giao tip.

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D hai biu ny l khc nhau v hnh thc, song khi thnh lp chng, ta c th p dng chung cc nguyn tc sau y: Cc i tc ch c th tng tc (gi thng

ip) ti cc i tng bin. Cc i tng bin ch c th tng tc ti cc

i tng iu khin hay i tng bin khc. Cc i tng iu khin c th tng tc ti

cc i tng bin, cc i tng thc th hay cc i tng iu khin khc.

Cc i tng thc th ch c th tng tc vi cc i tng thc th m thi.

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1.1. Mc ch MHH tng tc

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1.2. Cc thng ip

Thng ip (message) l mt c t cho s giao lu gia hai itng, bao gm s truyn t mt s thng tin v/hoc s yu cu

thc hin mt hot ng no thuc kh nng ca bn nhn.

Hnh ng to nn bi mt thng ip c th l cc hnh ng sau:

Gi (call): Yu cu thc hin mt thao tc ca i tng nhn.

Mt i tng c th gi mt thng ip cho chnh n m ktqu l huy ng mt thao tc ring t ca n (gi cc b).

Tr li (return): Tr li mt gi tr cho bn gi.

Gi (send): Gi mt tn hiu ti mt i tng.

To lp (create): To lp mt i tng mi.

Hu b (destroy): Hu mt i tng. Mt i tng cng cth hu b chnh n (terminate).

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Khi mt i tng gi mt thng ip cho mt i tng khc, th i tng ny trong hot ng p ng thng ip trn li c th gi thng ip cho i tng khc, c th to thnh mt lung kch hot lan dn. Gi l mt l trnh iu khin(thread of control).

L trnh iu khin c th phng (tuyn tnh) hay lng (do c s tr li). Bi th v hnh thc tip ni thng ip, ta phn bit cc loi thng ip sau:

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1.2. Cc thng ip

Thng ip ng b, biu din bng mi tn u tam gic

c:

l mt chuyn giao iu khin lng, tc l mt li gi thao

tc: bn gi chuyn iu khin cho bn b gi, ri tm ngng

ch bn b gi tr li iu khin.

Bn b gi thc hin thao tc c yu cu, nu cn c th

chuyn iu khin cho mt i tng khc v khi thao tc hon

thnh tr iu khin v bn gi, c th km theo kt qu tr li.

Thng ip tr v c th biu din tng minh bi mi tn t

nt hoc c th b qua, v n l mc nh thi im kt thc

thao tc.

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1.2. Cc thng ip

Thng ip khng ng b, biu din bng mi tn thng:UML 1.3 tr v trc dng mi tn na:

l mt chuyn giao iu khin phng, thng qua s gi i mt tn hiu. Thng ip i vo hng i ca bn nhn.

Bn gi khng cn bit thng ip c nhn cha, m tip tc i vo lm vic ngay (tc l lm vic ng thi).

Bn nhn thc hin mt thao tc v cng c th tr v mt thng tin cho bn gi. Nhng nu c s tr li, th phi biu din tng minh.

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1.2. Cc thng ip

Ngoi ra, cn ty thuc vo ni pht v ni nhn thng ip l c c bit

r khng m UML 2.0 cn a thm hai loi thng ip na l: Thng ip mt ht (lost message): l thng ip m ni

pht th bit r, song ni nhn th khng c bit (v ngoi phm vi m t, hoc v l mt s pht tn). Thng ip mt ht c biu din bng mt mi tn c hnh trn en cui:

Thng ip kim c (found message): l thng ip m ni nhn th bit r, song ni pht th khng bit l u (v ngoi phm vi m t). Thng ip kim c c biu din bng mt mi tn c hnh trn en gc:

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1.2. Cc thng ip 1.3. Biu trnh t

Biu trnh t (Sequence Diagram) l mt trong hai biu tng tc chnh, vi ch lm ni bt trnh t theo thi gian ca cc thng ip.

N trnh by mt tp hp cc i tng cng vi nhng thng ip chuyn giao gia chng vi nhau. Cc i tng ni y thng l cc c th c tn hay khuyt danh ca cc lp, song th vo ch cc i tng, cng cn c th l cc i tc, cc hp tc, cc thnh phn, cc nt.

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Biu trnh t c trnh by theo hai chiu: Chiu ngang b tr cc i tng. Cc i tng c v

theo dng hnh ch nht hoc bng biu tng, dn thnh mt hng ngang trn nh biu . Trt t cc i tng l khng quan trng, song cc i tng khi pht thng ip nn v pha tri. Cc i tng mi c to lp th v thp xung, ngang vi thng ip to lp chng.

Chiu dc l trc thi gian (hng xung di). Mi i tng c mang mt trc ng (v t nt), gi l ng i. ng i ca i tng s kt thc bng mt du gch cho, khi i tng b hu b.

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1.3. Biu trnh t

Cc thng ip (ng b, khng ng b hay tr li) l nhng mi tn nm ngang ni ng i ca hai i tng v c v ln lt t trn xung theo th t thi gian.

Nu mun lm r thi k hot ng (tc l lc i tng nm gi iu khin) v lm r s lng nhau ca cc thng ip, ta v thm trn ng i mt hay mt s di hp hnh ch nht, gi l tiu trnh iu khin (focus of control).

L phi v l tri ca biu c th dng ghi cc gii thch, cc rng buc.

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1.3. Biu trnh t

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1.3. Biu trnh t

Mi thng ip mang theo tn thng ip di dngthngip(ds tham s).

Tn thng ip li c th gn thm cc tin t vi cc ngha nh sau:

Mt biu thc trnh t c dng a: thng th a l s th tca thng ip, nhng cng c th l mt nhn (k t). Vtrt t thng ip biu hin r, nn biu trnh t ccbiu thc trnh t thng t dng.

Mt iu kin chn, dng [iu kin], vi ngha l thngip ch c gi i khi iu kin ny tho mn. Nu vnhiu thng ip cng xut pht mt im, mi thng ipmang mt iu kin ring th ta c th din t: Mt r nhnh chn, nu cc iu kin l loi tr ln nhau. Mt r nhnh song song, nu cc iu kin khng loi tr ln

nhau.

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1.3. Biu trnh t

Mt k hiu lp dng *, vi ngha l thng ip c lp li nhiu ln (thng th s lp thc hin trn nhiu i tng, do i tng nhn l mt i tng bi).

Th d: Mt biu trnh t din t mt cuc lin lc bng in thoi. Cc i tng u l cc i tng tng tranh (lm vic song song), do u c v vi vin m. Cc thng ip u l khng ng b (tr d).

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1.3. Biu trnh t

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1.3. Biu trnh t

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1.4. MHH tng tc trong ca s dng vi b trnh t

Mt ca s dng c th gm nhiu kch bn tng ng vi nhiu lung iu khin khc nhau. Mt biu trnh t ch c th din t mt lung iu khin, mc du trong biu cng c th din t s r nhnh hay lp n gin.

Vy thng thng ta lp mt s biu trnh t cho mt ca s dng. Mt vi biu trong l chnh, s biu cn li din t cc li r kh d hay cc trng hp mc li.

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lp mt biu trnh t cho mt kch bn ca ca s dng ta tin hnh cc bc sau: Xem li biu cc lp tham gia ca ca s dng ( lp

bc trc) xc nh cc c th no ca nhng lp trong biu tham gia thc s vo kch bn ang xt. Mun th, di theo tng bc trong kch bn xem cc i tng ng vai tr g trong bc (bin, iu khin, thc th).

Dn cc i tng thnh hng ngang trn nh biu trnh t. B tr cc i tng quan trng bn tri, cc i tng ph tr t bn phi. i tc, nu c, th t l tri.

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V ng i cho mi i tng (v i tc). Trong a s cc trng hp th i tng tn ti sut thi gian tng tc. Tuy nhin cng c i tng c to lp v b hu b trong thi gian tng tc, cn c v ng i ngn, t lc sinh ti lc cht; vi cc khun dp thch hp cho cc thng ip to lp hay hu b chng.

Xut pht vi thng ip khi u tng tc. B tr cc thng ip tip theo ln lt t trn xung di, gia cc ng i. Ch r c im ca mi thng ip (nh l cc tham s ca n). Nu cn th cho thm gii thch v ng ngha ca tng tc.

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Nu thy cn lm r thi k hot ng ca cc i tng v

lm r s lng nhau ca cc thng ip, th v thm cc tiu

trnh iu khin trn mi ng i ca i tng.

Nu cn lm r cc rng buc phi c v thi gian v khng

gian, th cho thm cc k hiu thi gian (nh biu thc trnh

t, k hiu lp *) v cc rng buc khng thi gian thch

hp.

Nu thy cn din t lung iu khin ny mt cch hnh

thc hn, hy a thm cc tin v hu cho mi thng

ip.

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2.1. B giao tip2.2. MHH tng tc trong ca s dng vi

b giao tip

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2. MHH s tng tc vi b giao tip

Biu giao tip (Communication Diagram) l mt trong hai biu

tng tc chnh, vi ch lm ni bt khung cnh t chc ca s tng

tc. Tn c trong UML 1.x l biu hp tc (Collaboration diagram).

N trnh by mt tp hp cc i tng, cc kt ni gia cc i tng

cng vi nhng thng ip chuyn giao gia chng vi nhau. Cc i

tng ni y thng l cc c th c tn hay khuyt danh ca cc lp,

song th vo ch cc i tng, cng cn c th l cc i tc, cc hp

tc, cc thnh phn, cc nt.

Thng ip c biu din bng mt mi tn nh, v dc theo mt kt

ni gia hai i tng, vi hm rng nh c kt ni , m bn gi

bit bn nhn c th gi thng ip. Ni cch khc, thng ip

khng th gi i nu bn nhn khng trong "tm nhn" ca bn gi.

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2.1. Biu giao tip

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C nm trng hp ca kt ni th hin tm nhn. Tn ti lin kt gia hai lp ca hai i tng. By gi kt

ni c ghi thm t kho . i tng nhn l ton cc i vi i tng gi. By gi

kt ni c ghi thm t kho i tng nhn l cc b trong thao tc (ca bn gi)

gi thng ip i. By gi kt ni c ghi thm t kho .

i tng nhn l tham s ca thao tc (ca bn gi) gi thng ip i. By gi kt ni c ghi thm t kho .

i tng nhn cng chnh l i tng gi. By gi kt ni c ghi thm t kho .

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2.1. Biu giao tip

Cc i tng cng nh cc kt ni c th c to lp hay b hu b trong thi gian thc hin. phn bit, ta ghi thm cc xu tnh cht: {new} cho i tng hay kt ni mi c to lp; {destroyed} cho i tng hay kt ni b hu b; {transient} cho i tng hay kt ni c thnh lp trong thi

gian thc hin, ri b hu b.

Mi tn thng ip ( dng hay ) phi km theo tiu ca thng ip m c php y l nh sau:[Bctrc] [Biuthctrnht] [Trli :=] TnThngip(DsThams)trong tr TnThngip l bt buc, cn cc phn khc u l tu .

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2.1. Biu giao tip

Bctrc: Mt danh sch cc s th t, cch nhau bng du phy v kt thc bng gch cho ('/'). Thng ip ch c chuyn giao khi cc thng ip tng ng vi cc s th t cho trong danh sch ny chuyn giao ri. Vy y l mt yu cu ng b ho ca l trnh iu khin. Th d: 1.1, 2.3/

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2.1. Biu giao tip

Biuthctrnht: l dy s v k t kt thc bi du hai chm (':') din t trnh t tip ni cc thng ip. Trng hp n gin, th ch l mt s th

t, vit theo dng k php chm: khi mt thng ip kch hot mt thao tc m bn trong thao tc ny c mt lot thng ip c gi i, th nhng thng ip ny mang s th t l s th t ca thng ip trn km mt du chm ri cc s 1, 2, 3... ln lt. Cch nh s ny cho thy s lng nhau ca cc thng ip.

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2.1. Biu giao tip

Cc s li c th thay bi cc dy k t, nhm mc ch: Din t l trnh iu khin, nh l A3, B4/ C3.1.2: Din t iu kin chn, nh l 4.2. [x

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Th d (tt)Chng trnh sau y thc hin biu giao tip trn, cho php ta hiu r hn v cc k php vn dng trong :dnhsn(d : nhng) {

DngH dng; Hng hng; int slng;for (int i=1; i < d.sdng(); i++) {

dng = d.choDng (i);hng = dng.choHng();slng = dng.choSlng();hngtrongKho.dnhsn(hng, slng);

}}

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2.1. Biu giao tip

Nhiu khi mt thng ip gi i khng hn l n mt i tng, m n nhiu i tng mt lc. Chng hn thng ip tm mt i tng thch hp ti u "nhiu" ca mt lin kt, hoc tm mt cun sch trong catal. By gi ta nn din t bng i tng bi.

i tng bi (multiobject) l mt k php UML dng biu din trong ch mt k hiu nhiu i tng

ca cng mt lp. N c v

thnh hai i tng chng ln

nhau. Dng i tng bi, ta

khng phi cp qu sm vo

cch thc ci t (chng hn

khng cn bit y s l lp

Vector hay lp ArrayList, hay l g).

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2.1. Biu giao tip

2.2. MHH tng tc trong ca s dng vi b giao tip

lp biu giao tip cho mt kch bn ca ca s dng ta tin hnh cc bc sau: Xem li biu cc lp tham gia ca ca s

dng ( lp bi trc) xc nh cc c th no ca nhng lp trong biu tham gia thc s vo kch bn ang xt. Mun th, di theo tng bc trong kch bn xem i tng ng vai tr g trong bc .

V cc i tng nh l cc nh ca th. B tr cc i tng quan trng vo gia, cc i tng khc xung quanh.

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Gn nhng tnh cht u tin cho mi i tng. Nu c i tng no m tnh cht ca n (gi tr thuc tnh, gi tr gn nhn, trng thi, vai tr) thay i mt cch ng k trong thi gian tng tc, hy v thm bn sao cho cc i tng , cp nht chng vi cc gi tr mi v ni vi i tng gc bng mt ph thuc vi khun dp nh l hay .

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Xc nh cc kt ni gia cc i tng, cng vi cc thng ip c th c trn .- V cc kt ni lin kt trc; l nhng kt

ni quan trng nht v chng din t cu trc tnh.

- Tip theo v cc kt ni khc v ghi ch vi cc khun dp thch hp (nh l , ) lm r cc i tng lin h vi nhau theo kiu g.

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Xut pht vi thng ip khi u tng tc. B tr ln lt cc thng ip tip theo trn cc kt ni thch hp, thm cc s th t thch hp. Dng k php chm lm r s lng nhau.

Nu thy cn cc rng buc v khng gian v thi gian, hy thm vo thng ip cc du hiu thi gian v nh km cc rng buc v khng gian hay thi gian.

Nu thy cn din t lung iu khin ny mt cch hnh thc hn, hy a thm tin v hu cho mi thng ip.

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3. i chiu v chnh sa cc m hnh

Ti y ta lp cc biu cu trc (biu cc lp lnh vc, biu cc lp tham gia) v lp cc biu tng tc (biu trnh t, biu giao tip). Ta cn phi i chiu cc biu vi nhau chnh sa li cc ch khng ph hp gia chng.Cc vic chnh sa l nh sau: 3.1. Thm bt cc lp 3.2. Thm v chnh l cc thao tc trong cc lp 3.3. Thm cc kiu cho cc thuc tnh, cc tham s v

cc tr li 3.4. Thm v chnh l cc mi lin quan gia cc lp

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3.1. Thm bt cc lp

Mt s lp c pht hin thm khi ta lp cc biu tng tc, cn b sung chng vo cc biu cu trc. Ngc li c nhng lp trong biu cu trc khng h c i tng tham gia vo mt biu tng tc no, cn phi loi b chng i.

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3.2. Thm v chnh l cc thao tc trong cc lp

Khi c mt thng ip c gi t mt i tng ca lp A sang

mt i tng ca lp B, th:

Trong lp B (bn nhn) phi c mt thao tc cng cng

tng ng vi thng ip . Tn thng ip v thao tc

phi ph hp ng ngha vi nhau, thng thng th thng

ip nn ly trng tn vi thao tc. Danh sch cc tham s

ca thao tc phi ph hp cc yu cu ca thng ip.

Trong lp A (bn gi) phi

c mt thao tc c trch

nhim gi i thng ip

trn.

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Tuy nhin quy lut trn cng c nhng ngoi l: Thng ip n mt i tc:

Nu i tc l ngi, th thng ip ch yu cu ngi lm mt vic g ghi trong bn hng dn s dng, ch khng phi l mt thao tc (tc l mt chng trnh my tnh).

Nu i tc l mt thit b, th thng ip ch kch hot mt cm bin hay mt ng c thit b .

Nu i tc l mt h thng ngoi, th n phi c i din bi mt lp cha cc giao thc thch hp. By gi thng ip s kch hot mt thao tc trong lp ny.

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3.2. Thm v chnh l cc thao tc trong cc lp

Thng ip n mt lp giao din GUI: Yu cu ca thng ip c ci t thnh cc

yu t ho ca GUI, nh l trng hay nt.... ch khng l mt thao tc.

Cc thao tc ring t: l nhng thao tc dng trong ni b, ch

tng ng vi cc thng ip quy, ch khng tng ng vi thng ip t i tng khc gi n.

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3.2. Thm v chnh l cc thao tc trong cc lp 3.3. Thm cc kiu cho cc thuc tnh, cc tham s v cc tr li

Cc kiu c th l cc kiu nguyn thu hay cc kiu do ngi dng a vo, hoc cc lp. Tuy nhin cha nn vi dng tn cc kiu ca mt ngn ng lp trnh c th no, m vn dng cc tn chung, nh vy linh hot hn.

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3.4. Thm v chnh l cc mi lin quan gia cc lp

Khi i tng ca mt lp A gi mt thng ip cho mt i tng ca mt lp B, th gia hai i tng c mt kt ni vi ngha l bn nhn thuc phm vi hiu bit (hay trong tm nhn) ca bn gi: Nu s hiu bit l vn c t lu, th y l mt biu

hin ca s lin kt (association) gia A v B. Nu s hiu bit l mi c cung cp (chng hn

thng qua vic truyn tham s hay vic nhn kt qu tr li), th y l mt biu hin ca s ph thuc (dependency) ca A vo B.

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4. Bi tp tng hp

MHH tng tc, Larman v Jacobson ngh cc bc sau:

1) Xc nh cc vng lp: Mi vng lp thngl mt ca SD, song c khi l mt gi ca SD.

2) Xc nh cc thao tc h thng: l ccyu cu m mt i tc a ra i vi HT (tc l mt kch bn m i tc khi ng).

3) Lp mt B tng tc cho mi thao tc HT.

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Cu hi 17: Xc nh cc vng lp cho vic MHH tng tc. Nhn cc ph thuc trong B gi, ta thy mt cch t nhin l nn bt u vi gi Catal T, ri n gi ngh T. Vy trn B ca SD ta chia ct cc vng lp nh trang sau.

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4. Bi tp tng hp

Ti v

ngh T

Catal T

+Kton +Hon

+Catal +CsT +LpT +Nidung +Khc

+Nhnvin +NgiPTT +nxinT +ngk +Trli +ng +Khngng

Cu hi 17 (tt):Cc vng lp cho vic MHH tng tc:

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4. Bi tp tng hp

DFWRU!!DFWRU!!DFWRU!!DFWRU!!&?V?7&?V?7&?V?7&?V?7

1KQYLQ1KQYLQ1KQYLQ1KQYLQ

1J??L3771J??L3771J??L3771J??L377

?QJK?7?QJK?7?QJK?7?QJK?7

QJN7QJN7QJN7QJN7

4XrQOFDWDO4XrQOFDWDO4XrQOFDWDO4XrQOFDWDO

7UDF?XFDWDO7UDF?XFDWDO7UDF?XFDWDO7UDF?XFDWDO

+X?\XFvX+X?\XFvX+X?\XFvX+X?\XFvX

LQFOXGH!!LQFOXGH!!LQFOXGH!!LQFOXGH!!

LQFOXGH!!LQFOXGH!!LQFOXGH!!LQFOXGH!!/?S

/?S/?S

Cu hi 18: nh ngha cc thao tc HT cho vng lp 1.

Vi mi thao tc HT, Larman ngh ch ra mt hp ng

ca thao tc gm cc im sau:

1) Tn

2) Trch nhim

3) Tham chiu

4) iu kin vo

5) iu kin ra

6) Ngoi l (tu chn)

7) Ch thch (iuyf chn)

Nghin cu ca s dng Qunlcatal, ta a ra c cc thao tc

HTcho vng lp 1, nh Hnh bn.

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4. Bi tp tng hp

H thng

tolpLpT() iuchnhLpT() tolpCsT() iuchnhCsT() tolpCh() iuchnhCh() tolpKhc() iuchnhKhc()

Cu hi 18 (tt):Lp hp ng ca thao tc HT: tolpLpT. Trc ht ta cn lu cclp thuc gi Catal T, v thaotc HT tolpLpT s cpcc lp ny. Song ta thy thiulp Ch , m ta s phi bsung vo gi nh hnhbn. By gi c th lp hpng nh sau:

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4. Bi tp tng hp

Catal

Lp o to

Ch

0..*

1..*

1..*

1

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Cu hi 18 (tt):

1) Tn: tolpLpT

2) Trch nhim: To lp mt lp T mi theo m t ca

CST v t lp vo t nht mt Ch .

3) Tham chiu: Ca SD Qun l Catal.

4) Cc iu kin vo:

Catal T c t trc.

C t nht mt Ch trong catal.

C s T cung cp thng tin c trong catal.

Ngi PTT ang kt ni vi intranet.

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4. Bi tp tng hp

Catal

Lp o to

Ch

0..*

1..*

1..*

1

Cu hi 18 (tt):

5) Cc iu kin ra:

Mt lp T d c to lp cng cc thuc

tnh.

Mt i tng ni dung n c to lp cng

cc thuc tnh.

n c kt ni vi d.

d c kt ni vi c s T tng ng.

Cc k hc nu c phi c to lp cng cc

thuc tnh.

d phi c kt ni vi t nht mt Ch

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Catal

Lp o to

Ch

0..*

1..*

1..*

1

4. Bi tp tng hp

Cu hi 19: Lp mt B tng tc (B trnh t hay B giao tip) thc hin

thao tc HT tolpLpT. Cc iu kin ra k trn cho ta thy ci ch

cn t c: Mt lp T d c to lp cng cc thuc tnh. Mt i tng ni dung n c to lp cng cc thuc

tnh. n c kt ni vi d. d c kt ni vi c s T tng ng. Cc k hc nu c phi c to lp cng cc thuc

tnh. d phi c kt ni vi t nht mt Ch .

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4. Bi tp tng hp

Tuy nhin cc iu kin ny l khng c th t. Ta cn quyt nh mt trnh t thc hin, chng hn:

1)Khi to i tng d v cc thuc tnh ca n.2)To lp ni dung n ca n.3)To lp cc k hc.4)Ghp d vo mt (vi) ch v vi c s o

to.

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4. Bi tp tng hp

Thc hin cu 1 bng mt B trnh t:

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4. Bi tp tng hp

:Ngi PTT :W-PTT :W-LpT :K-LpT

d: LpT

tolpLpT() khihot()

khitoLp(tn,thigian,gi) khitoLp (tn,thigian,gi)

create(tn,thigian,gi)

Thc hin cu 1 v 2 bng mt B trnh t:

54

4. Bi tp tng hp

:Ngi PTT :W-PTT :W-LpT :K-LpT

d: LpT

tolpLpT( ) khihot( )

khitoLp(tn,thigian,gi) khitoLp (tn,thigian,gi)

create(tn,thigian,gi)

n: Nidung

:W-Nidung

tolpNidung( ) khihot( )

tolpNidung(ngihc,mctiu,cngc,khoch)

tolpNidung(ngihc,mctiu,cngc,khoch)

create(ngihc,mc tiu, cngc,khoch)

3/3/2012

10

S i tng cng nhiu th B trnh t cng kh c, kh trnh by. Ta thay B trnh t trn bng B giao tip (tng ng) sau v dng n trin khai cc bc tip:

55

4. Bi tp tng hp

:Ngi PTT

:W-PTT

:W-LpT

:K-LpT

d: LpT

1: tolpLpT( )

1.1:.khihot( )

2:khitoLp(tn,thigian,gi)

2.1:khitoLp (tn,thigian,gi)

2.1.1:create(tn,thigian,gi)

n: Nidung:W-Nidung

3:tolpNidung( )

3.1:khihot( )

4:tolpNidung(ngihc,mctiu,cngc,khoch)

4.1:tolpNidung(ngihc,mctiu,cngc,khoch)

4.1.1:create(ngihc, mc tiu, cngc,khoch)

Thc hin cu 3 bng cch dng i tng bi:

56

4. Bi tp tng hp

:Ngi PTT

:W-PTT

:W-LpT

:K-LpT

d: LpT

1: tolpLpT( )

1.1:.khihot( )2:khitoLp(tn,thigian,gi)

2.1:khitoLp (tn,thigian,gi)

2.1.1:create(tn,thigian, gi)

n: Nidung:W-Nidung

3:tolpNidung( )

3.1:khihot( )



4.1.1:create(ngihc, mc tiu, cngc,khoch)

:W-Khc

k: Khc

k: Khc

5:tolpK( )

5.1:khihot( )

6:tolpK(ngyBtu,aim) 6.1:tolpK(ngyBtu,aim)

6.1.1:create(ngyBtu, aim)

6.1.2:add(k)

4. Bi tp tng hp

Thc hin cu 4:

57

:Ngi PTT

:W-PTT

:W-LpT

:K-LpT

d: LpT

1: tolpLpT( )

1.1:.khihot( )2:khitoLp(tn,thigian,gi)

2.1:khitoLp (tn, thigian,gi) 7.1:ghp(ch,CST)

2.1.1:create(tn, thigian,gi) 7.1.1:ghp(ch,CST)

n: Nidung:W-Nidung

3:tolpNidung( )

3.1:khihot( )



4.1.1:create(ngihc,mctiu,cngc,khoch)

:W-Khc

k: Khc

: Khc

5:tolpK( ) 7:ghp(ch,CST)

5.1:khihot( )


6.1.1:create(ngyBtu,aim)

6.1.2:add(k)

: Ch

: C sT

: LpT

: LpT

2.1.2:add(d)

7.1.2:add(d)

4. Bi tp tng hp

B trang trc l qu ln. lp trn cc B nh hn ta ct n ra lm i nh trang ny v trang sau.

58

:Ngi PTT

:W-PTT

:W-LpT

:K-LpT

1: tolpLpT( )

1.1:.khihot( )


2.1:khitoLp (tn, thigian,gi) 7.1:ghp(ch,CST)

:W-Nidung

3:tolpNidung( )

3.1:khihot( )



:W-Khc

5:tolpK( ) 7:ghp(ch,CST)

5.1:khihot( )


4. Bi tp tng hp

59

:K-LpT d: LpT


1.1:create(tn, thigian,gi) 4.1:ghp(ch,CST)

n: Nidung

2:tolpNidung(ngihc, mctiu,cngc,khoch)

2.1:create(ngihc, mctiu,cngc,khoch)

k: Khc: Khc

3:tolpK(ngyBtu,aim) 4:ghp(ch,CST)

3.1:create(ngyBtu,aim)

3.2:add(k)

: Ch

: C sT

: LpT

: LpT

1.2:add(d)

4.2:add(d)

4. Bi tp tng hp

Cu hi 20: Cn c trn B giao tip va mi thnh lp, hy b sung

ni

dung cho cc lp tham gia.

Ni dung b sung gm:

Cc thao tc: Mt thng ip gi ti mt i tng phi tng ng vi

mt thao tc c sn trong lp ca i tng .

Lu hnh: Tu theo cc kt ni gia cc i tng trong biu giao

tip (gi cho cc thng ip) l association, self, hay

parameter, global, local m ta thit lp lin kt hay ph thuc

gia hai lp (theo chiu gi thng ip).

Kt qu p dng 2 quy tc trn vo B giao tip ang xt l B cc

lp tham gia sau y, trong bt rm r, ta lc b thao tc

create v cc thao tc chung trn cc lp cha ng (nh l

add()):

60

3/3/2012

11

4. Bi tp tng hp

61

control K_LpT

+khitoLp() +tolpNidung() +tolpK() +ghp()

entity LpT

- tn - thigian - gi

+ ghp()

entity Khc

- ngyBtu - aim

entity Nidung

-ngi hc -mctiu -cngc -khoch

entity Ch

-tn

entity CsT -tn -ach -inthoi Fax -Email

parameter

parameter

local

local

ordered

1..

0..1

0..

1..

1..

1

1

1

1

4. Bi tp tng hp

Nhn xt v ci tin m hnh:

Cc lp tham gia va lp (c bit l cc lp thc th) ng nhin

l cn tham gia nhiu B tng tc khc m ta cha xt ti, vy

nhng quyt nh v chng y ch mi l tm thi:

S chn la hng lu hnh trn cc lin kt cn phi tham kho thm

cc B tng tc khc.

Cc ph thuc c th s tr thnh cc lin kt nu cc i tng i hi

mt kt ni lu bn thay v mt kt ni nht thi.

Trong B lp va lp ta thy lp K_LpT tng lin vi mi lp

cn li. mt l hin tng nn trnh. Bi vy cn san s bt

trch nhim (chng hn cc vic to lp cc i tng Nidung v

Khc) cho lp khc (chng hn cho lp LpT) nh sau:

62

4. Bi tp tng hp

Trc ht chnh sa li B giao tip:

63

:K-LpT d: LpT

1:khitoLp(tn,thigian,gi) 1.1:create(tn, thigian,gi) 2.1:tolpNidung (ngihc, mctiu,cngc,khoch)

n: Nidung

2:tolpNidung(ngihc, mctiu,cngc,khoch)

2.1.1:create(ngihc, mctiu,cngc,khoch)

k: Khc

: Khc

3:tolpK(ngyBtu,aim) 4:ghp(ch,CST)

3.1.1:create(ngyBtu,aim)

3.1.2:add(k)

: Ch

: C sT

: LpT

: LpT

1.2:add(d)

4.2:add(d)

3.1:tolpK(ngyBtu,aim) 4.1:ghp(ch,CST)

4. Bi tp tng hp

Tip n t B giao tip chnh sa, ta lp li B cc lp tham gia:

64

controlK_LpT

+khitoLp(tn:String,thigian:short,gi:int) +tolpNidung(ngihc:String,mctiu:String,cngc:String,khoch:String) +tolpK(ngyBtu:Date,aimString) +ghp(ch:Ch,csT:String)

- tn:String - thigian:short - gi:int

entity LpT

+tolpNidung(ngihc:String,mctiu:String,cngc:String,khoch:String ) +tolpK(ngyBtu:Date,aimString) +ghp(ch:Ch,csT:String)

entity CsT

-tn:String -ach:String -inthoi:S -fax:S -email:Email

entity Ch

-tn:String

entity Nidung

-ngi hc:String -mctiu:String -cngc:String -khoch:String

entity Khc

- ngyBtu:Date - aim:ach

1.. 1..

1..0..1

0..

1

1 1

1

parameter

parameter

4. Bi tp tng hp

Phn tch tip cc phn cn li ca vng lp 1, ta b sung thm nhiu thng tin cho cc lp thc th trong gi Catal T nh sau:

65

+tolpNidung(ngihc:String, mctiu:String,cngc:String,khoch:String) +tolpK(ngyBtu:Date,aimString) +ghp(ch:Ch,csT:CsT) +iuchnhNidung(ngihc:String, mctiu:String,cngc:String,khoch:String) +iuchnhK(ngyBtu:Date,aimString) +iuchnh (ch:Ch,csT:CsT) +huK(k:Khc)

-thihn:Thihn

+lyLptheoCh(ch:Ch) +lyLptheoTn(tn:String) +lyChtheoTn(tn:String) +lyKtheoNgy(ngyBtu:Date) +lyMiPhn t()

- tn:String - thigian:short - gi:int

entity LpT

entity CsT

-tn:String -ach:String -inthoi:S -fax:S -email:Email

entity Ch

-tn:String

entity Nidung

-ngi hc:String -mctiu:String -cngc:String -khoch:String

entity Khc

- ngyBtu:Date - aim:ach

1..

1..

1..

0..

1

11

1

parameter

entity PhntCatal

entity Catal

1 0..

4. Bi tp tng hp

IV. Bi tp tng hp: MHH tng tc (tt)

Cu hi 21: nh ngha cc thao tc HT cho vng lp 2.

c li cc bn m t ca ca SD ngh o to v ca SD Hu

o to (hoc xem B trnh t HT tng ng), v lu rng cc ca

SD ny c 2 i tc l Nhnvin v NgiPTT, ta tm ra cc thao

tc HT cho vng lp 2 nh sau:

66

Hthng

lpnxinT() chpnhnn() tchin() hun() nghccK() chnK()

Hthng

lpnxinT() chpnhnn() tchin() hun() nghccK() chnK()

3/3/2012

12

4. Bi tp tng hp

Cu hi 22: Lp hp ng ca cc thao tc HT: lpnxinT v

tchin. Lp hp ng cho thao tc HT lpnxinT

1) Tn: LpnxinT.2) Trch nhim: Lp mt n xin T, da trn kt qu tra cu t

catal v gi n cho ngi PTT c duyt.3) Tham chiu: Ca SD ngh T.4) Cc iu kin vo:

Catal T c trc. Nhn vin ang kt ni vi intranet. Mt i tng nv biu din cho nhn vin c trong HT.

67

4. Bi tp tng hp

Cu hi 22 (tt):5)Cc iu kin ra:

Mt i tng n xin T dx to lp. Cc thuc tnh ngygi v ngyxinT ca dx c

khi gn. dx c kt ni vi nv. dx c kt ni vi mt phn t trong ca tal (iu

c v khng ph hp lm vi B MHH nghip v).

6)Ngoi l: Nhn vin c th xin hu n xin ca mnh trc khi n c duyt.

68

4. Bi tp tng hp

Cu hi 22 (tt): Lp hp ng ca thao tc HT:

tchin.1)Tn: tchin.2)Trch nhim: T chi mt n xin T ca mt

nhn vin, c a ra l do t chi.3)Tham chiu: Ca SD ngh T.4)Cc iu kin vo:

Mt i tng n xin T dx c trc. Ngi PTT ang kt ni vi intranet. Mt i tng nv biu din cho nhn vin c trong

HT v kt ni vi dx.

69

4. Bi tp tng hp

Cu hi 22 (tt):5)Cc iu kin ra:

i tng n xin T dx b hu b. Mt i tng t chi t c to lp. Cc thuc tnh ngy v ldo ca t c

khi gn. Mt e-mail cha t c gi cho nhn vin

nv.

6)Ngoi l: Khng c.

70

4. Bi tp tng hp

Cu hi 23: Lp B giao tip thc hin thao tc HT lpnxinT

71

:Ngi PTT

:Nhnvin

:W-Nhnvin

:W-nxinT :K-nxinT

dx: nxinT

pt: PtCatal

nv: Nhnvin1.:lpnxinT()

2:khito() 3:chnK(pt) 4:gn(ngyxinT)

1.1:khihot( )

2.1:khito(nv) 3.1:nin(pt) 4.1:gn(ngyxinT)

2.1.1:create(nv) 3.1.1:ni(pt) 4.1.1:gn(ngyxinT)

4.1.1.1: nmi(nv,pt,ngygi)

72

4. Bi tp tng hp

Cu hi 24: Lp B cc lp thc th cho gi ngh T.

entity nxinT

-ngygi:Date -ngyxinT:Date

+ni(phnt:PhntCatal) +gn(ngyxinT:Date) +tchi() +chpnhn() +chnK(k:Khc) +ktthcK() +hu() +huK(k:Khc) -gii(ngygi:Date) -giTchi(ldo:String) -ging()

entity Trli

-ngy:Date

entity ng

entity Khngng

-ldo:String

entity Khc

{t CatalT}

entity Nhnvin

-h:String -tn:String -phng:String -chcv:String -email:Email

entity ngk

-ngy:Date

+hu()

entity PhntCatal {t CatalT}

parameter

0..

0..

0..

0..

1

1

1

1 0..1

0..1

xin hc

p ng

ca

v

cho

ngixin

3/3/2012

13

73

Hi - p

74

Li hay p

"S n gin l iu kh khn nht i: l hn nh cui cng cakinh nghim v n lc cui cng cati nng"

DUDEVANT GEROGE SAND

ch07_phantichhanhvi_01

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