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SociologyTRANSCRIPT
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THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Enforcing the Norms of Society
Internalization process by which a norm becomes a part of an individuals personality
thus conditioning that individual to conform to
societys expectations
Sanctions rewards and punishments used to enforce conformity to the norms
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THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Different Types of Sanctions
Positive Sanction action that rewards a particular kind of behavior such as good grades or
a pay raise
Negative Sanction punishment or the threat of punishment to enforce conformity such as frowns,
imprisonment, and even death
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THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Different Types of Sanctions
Formal Sanction rewards or punishments by a formal organization or regulatory agency such as
the government and includes promotions, awards,
or low grades
Informal Sanction spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval by an individual or group
such as a standing ovation, gifts, gossip, or
ridicule
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THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Main Sources of Social Change
Values and Beliefs are affected by ideology spread through social movements
Technology knowledge and tools people use to manipulate their environment
Population change in size of population may bring about changes in the culture
Diffusion the process of spreading culture traits from one society to another
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THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Main Sources of Social Change
Physical Environment the environment may provide conditions that encourage or discourage cultural
change
Wars and Conquest are not common but bring about the greatest amount of change in the least
amount of time