Ch.3. Potential health effects from ingestion of

waterOrganic chemicals (not listed all)

○ Acrylamid: Potential health effects from inges-tion of water. Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment

○ Atrazine: Cardiovascular system or reproduc-tive problems. Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.

From http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC35042

From http://borgfoodchain.blogspot.com/2010/09/atrazine-under-attack-in-us.html

○ Benzene: Anemia; decrease in blood platelets; increased risk of cancer. Discharge from fac-tories; leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills.

From http://bbruner.org/obc/phenyl.htm

From http://borgfoodchain.blogspot.com/2010/09/atrazine-under-attack-in-us.html

Dead fish can be seen in the Songhua River as the State En-vironment Protection Administration confirmed Wednesday that pollutants containing benzene and nitrobenzene contami-nated the river after a chemical-plant blast at the upper reaches in Northeast China2005-11-24 05:40

○ Carbofuran: Problems with blood, nervous system, or reproductive system. Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa. Insecti-cide.

From http://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/Bulletin/Vol-ume27/Polednikova_et_al_2010.html

From http://www.karbofuran.cz/fakta.php?5foto: ČSO archive / Václav KřivanPoisoned eagle in typical posture after carbofuran poisoning.

No typical symptoms can be observed in poisoned animals except for birds, where a typical posture with wings and head hanging down and talons clenched in a spasm can be observed. The poisoned animals usually perish suddenly and in a good physical condition. The actual symptoms are not determined until dissection; however, these are not specific, either. They include conges-tion of almost all internal organs and the presence of food remains in the stomach, in case of birds frequently in the craw, too. The only reliable method to confirm the poisoning is the chemical test. They are performed by several specialized state veterinary in-stitutes on the basis of samples (usually contents of the stomach, craw, liver) taken from the body of the perished animal.

○ Dichloromethane: Liver problems; increased risk of cancer. Discharge from drug and chem-ical factories.

From http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/molecule_gallery/01_alkanes/00_alkanes.htm

From http://www.carexcanada.ca/en/dichloromethane/environmental_exposure_estimates/outdoor_air/phase_1/map/

Population Exposed to Dichloromethane in Outdoor Air – Summary 2006

○ Ethylene dibromide: Problems with liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys; in-creased risk of cancer. Discharge from petro-leum refineries

From http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/eth-ylene%20dibromide.html

From http://www.datelinezero.com/2012/02/10/purple-squirrel-found-in-pennsylvania/

Purple Squirrel Found in Pennsylvania: Due to bromide? Or Simply because of purple ink or paint?

○ Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Skin changes; thymus gland problems; immune deficiencies; re-productive or nervous system difficulties; increased risk of cancer. Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste chemicals.

From http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/pops_inc/proceedings/bangkok/fiedler1.html

From http://www.imares.wur.nl/UK/research/dossiers/plastic/plasticgranules/ /

The Japanese scientist Hideshige Takada leads a study into global patterns of oceanic chemical pol-lution. But he uses a highly remarkable way of samping the water. Takada uses the industrial plastic granules (pellets) that litter our oceans worldwide. These granules act as a sponge that bind all sorts of chemical pollutants like PCB's, remains of DDT etc., from the seawater to their surface.

○ Toluene: Nervous system, kidney, or liver problems. Discharge from petroleum factories.

From http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chemical-Structures---T/Toluene.htm

From http://thegoodhuman.com/2012/01/06/toxic-chemical-releases-up-16-over-previous-year/

The top ten chemicals released into the environment in 2010 were:

1. HYDROCHLORIC ACID2. SULFURIC ACID3. HYDROGEN FLUORIDE4. AMMONIA5. BARIUM COMPOUNDS6. ZINC COMPOUNDS7. TOLUENE8. COPPER COMPOUNDS9. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COM-POUNDS10. STYRENE

○ Vinyl chloride (Chloroethene): Increased risk of cancer. Leaching from PVC pipes; discharge from plastic factories.

From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_chloride

From http://www.csb.gov/investigations/detail.aspx?SID=22

On April 23, 2004, five workers were fatally in-jured and two others were seriously injured when an explosion occurred in a polyvinyl chlo-ride (PVC) production unit at Formosa Plastics in Illiopolis, Illinois, east of Springfield. The ex-plosion followed a release of highly flammable vinyl chloride, which ignited. The explosion forced a community evacuation and lighted fires that burned for several days at the plant.

○ Xylenes (total): Nervous system damage. Dis-charge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factories.

From http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Xylene

From http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news_msg.php?titleid=347

Prompted by the expressed concern made by the local residents, scholars and experts, Xiamen Deputy Mayor Ding Yan announced to a press conference this morning that the 10.8 billion yuan Para-Xylene (PX) chemical projects will be postponed.

It is estimated that the petrol chemical plant will generate 800 billion yuan in industrial output value in the first year of operation. But, the costs of environment impact for Xiamen, a model city of China for its excellence in environment management is hard to estimate.

Xiamen may be a China Environment Model City under threat. Can the pollution potential risk be managed? This is a billion dollars question and all the residents' health in Xiamen this generation and the generation to come.

Ch.3. Potential health effects from ingestion of

waterOrganic chemicals (not listed all)

○ Acrylamid: Potential health effects from inges-tion of water. Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment