AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER GUIDECh. 45 - Community and Ecosystem Ecology

1. Define an ecological community (p. 858)

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2. Why is a fallen log considered a community? (p. 858)

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3. What does the island biogeographical model suggest about species diversity? (p. 859)

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4. What is the key difference between a habitat and a niche? (p. 859)

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5. Distinguish between a fundamental niche and a realized niche. (p. 859)

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6. Examine figure 45.2. What ecological concept is demonstrated when the Paramecium are grown

together? ___________________________________ . Describe this idea.

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7. How can two species live together in the same niche? Provide an example. (p. 860)

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8. How can an ecologist provide evidence to support the idea that resource partitioning has taken

place in a habitat? (p. 860)

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9. What two possibilities could result from a prey

population decline? (p. 863)

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(2) __________________________________________

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10. Summarize the prey defenses of mimicry and camouflage. Provide an example for each. (p. 863)

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11. Fill in the matrix for symbiotic relationships.

12. Describe the ideas of ecological succession and pioneer species. (p. 868)

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13. What is a climax community and what does it eventually determine? (p. 868)

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14. Describe the general idea of secondary succession (figure 45.14)

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Interaction Expected Outcome Example parasitism

commensalism

mutualism

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15. Define an ecosystem (p. 870)

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16. Produces are autotrophs because _________________________________________________ .

17. Consumers are heterotrophs because ______________________________________________ .

18. Compare and contrast herbivores, carniovers, omnivores, and detrivores. (p. 870)

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19. What process is essential for energy flow to occur? (p. 871) _______________________________

20. Sketch figure 45.16. Include arrows indicating energy flow and nutrient flow

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21. How does an ecological pyramid show changes in energy flow? Sketch from figure 45.19.

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22. Define the terms biomass and trophic levels (p. 873)

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23. Summarize the events that occur in the water cycle. (figure 45.21)

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AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER GUIDE