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Feng Min KanSenior CoordinatorISDR secretariat

www.unisdr.org

Challenges for Disaster Risk Reduction and the Implementation of Hyogo Framework for Action

Third Global Congress of Women in Politics and Governance ▬ Gender in Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction

Manila, 19-22 October 2008

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Overview

1. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

2. Global data and trends of disasters

3. Progress and challenges in DRR and the HFA implementation

4. Conclusions and key steps forward

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Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and

Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

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What is HFA

1. HFA is the final document that approved and endorsed by 168 Governments at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction

2. The overarching Goal of the HFA is to Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters

� 3 Strategic goals� 5 Priorities for action� Cross-cutting issues (gender)� Implementation and follow-up

3. The focus of HFA is on national and local impleme ntation , with bilateral, multilateral, regional and internat ional cooperation

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What is Disaster Risk Reduction

• The sum of measures, which can be undertaken to reduce human and social vulnerability to disasters.

• Measures include risk assessments, education, information management, land use planning, environmental management, protection of critical facilities, application of science and technology in all fields, including for early warning…

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Global Dataand

Trends of Disasters

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Source: EM-DAT : The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database. http://www.em-dat.net, UCL - Brussels, Belgium

Climate accounts for 80% - 90% of all disasters.

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Great "Natural" Disasters 1950-2005Economic and insured losses with trends

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

© 2006 NatCatSERVICE, Geo Risks Research, Munich Re

In 2006disasters resulted in over 20,000 deaths, US$ 45beconomic loss (CRED &

Munich Re)

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Disaster losses, total and as share of GDP, in the richest and poorest nations, 1985-1999

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Richest Nations Poorest Nations

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Billi

on D

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rs

Per

cent

of G

DP

Economic losses

Losses as percent of GDP

Source: MunichRe, Abramovitz, 2002

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Global Hotspot study (World Bank)

25 million km sq. and 3.4 billion people are relatively highly exposed to at least one natural hazard; 105 million people are

relatively highly exposed to three or more hazards.

= lowest 40%= middle 30%= highest 20%

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Number of People Killed(Income Class/Disaster Type) (1975-2000) World Summary

27 ,01 0(1 .36 %)

87 ,41 4 (4 .4 1%)

5 20 ,4 18 (2 6 .25 %)

1 ,34 7 ,504 (67 .9 8%)

0 20 0 4 00 60 0 8 00 10 00 1 20 0 14 00 1 60 0

High Income

Upper Middle Income

Lower Middle Income

Low Income

Inc

om

e C

las

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N u m ber of P eople Ki l led('000s )

Drou g h t E a rth qu ak e E pide m ic F lo od S lide Vo lcan o Win d s to rm Oth e rs

The poor are the most vulnerable

Source: ADRC, OFDA/CRED

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Can sustainable development be achieved without taking account of DRR?

Short answer: No !

• Risks will always remain.

• We have to address root causes of vulnerability that include human, economic, social,environmental, scientific, technical and physical factors.

Disaster Risk Reduction is sound investment for sustainable development.

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Progress and challenges in DRRand

the HFA implementation

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DRR – An Agenda in ProgressPrior to 1990sPrior to 1990s -- Civil Civil DefenceDefence, Relief, Relieforganizations: humanitarian response to organizations: humanitarian response to emergenciesemergencies

During 1990sDuring 1990s –– International Decade on International Decade on Natural Disaster (IDNDR), Yokohama strategy Natural Disaster (IDNDR), Yokohama strategy which started the consideration of which started the consideration of the linkage the linkage between disasters and developmentbetween disasters and development

Since 2000Since 2000 –– International Strategy for International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR): Disaster Reduction (ISDR): reduce disaster riskreduce disaster risk

HFA: 2005HFA: 2005--20152015 –– Building the resilienceBuilding the resilienceof communities and nations to dof communities and nations to disasters as part isasters as part of Development & linked to Humanitarian agendaof Development & linked to Humanitarian agenda

ReactiveReactive

ProactiveProactive

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DRR – An Agenda in Progress

1989: IDNDR 1990-1999 – promotion of disaster reduction, technical and scientific buy-in

1994: Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action –first blueprint for disaster reduction policy guidance (social & community orientation)

2000: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) -increased public commitment , linked to sustainable development,enlarged networking and partnerships.

2002: Johannesburg Plan of Implementation - WSSD Includes new section on “An integrated, multi-hazard, inclusive approach to address vulnerability, risk assessment and disaster management…”

2005: WCDR - Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters

2007: Global Platform The ISDR Movement

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International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

Launched in 2000 by UN General Assembly Resolution A/54/219 as successor of the International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction (1990-1999)

The ISDR aims at building disaster resilient communities, with the goal of reducing human, social, economic and environmental losses due to natural hazards and related technological and environmental disasters.

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September 2002

Main United Nations Mechanisms

General Assembly ECOSOC UN Secretariat

• OCHA: Office for the

Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

ISDR• DESA: Department ofEconomic and Social Aff.

UNCRD• OOSA• Reg. Eco. Comm. & Sec.

Programmes and funds• UNDP/PNUD• UNEP/PNUMA

•WFP/PMA• UNICEF• UN-Habitat

Other entities• UNU• UNITAR• UNOPS

Specialized agencies• FAO• ILO/OIT

• UNESCO•WHO/OMS•World Bank/BM• ITU/UIT

•WMO/OMM

The ISDR within the UN system (simplified chart)

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ISDR secretariat’s main functions

(a) Policy and coordination (guide & monitor implementation of HFA)

(b) Advocacy (high-level advocacy, annual awareness campaign, publications)

(c) Information management and networks (website, clearinghouse)

(d) Regional outreach- support to regional partners & countries (national platforms and action plans- policy, advocacy, information)

(e) ISDR system and resource mobilization

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• Headquarters in Geneva

• Regional offices Panama - Americas; Nairobi - Africa;

Bangkok – Asia; Dushanbe - Cent. Asia; Cairo - WANA

• Thematic Platforms (Platform for the Promotion of Early Warning in Bonn, Germany; International Recovery Platform in Kobe, Japan; CIIFEN in Guayaquil, Ecuador; Global Wildland Fire Network in Freiburg, Germany)

• Partner Networks and Regional Centres : (ADPC, ADRC, ASEAN, SAARC, ECO, SOPAC, CEPREDENAC, CDERA, ACS, CAPRADE, AU/NEPAD, SADR, ECOWAS, IGAD, CoE, CIS, etc.)

ISDR secretariat

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HFA 2005-2015

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� Our objective: To reduce disaster risk, worldwide, focusing on nations and communities

� The instrument: Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

�The vehicle: Disaster Risk Reduction global ‘movement’

ISDR system

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National level :• National Platforms for DRR established in 46 countries, 120

countries designated HFA focal points, 31 linked to CCA/UNDAF, 31 linked to PRSPs of World Bank

Regional level:• Regional strategies – Asia (Beijing Plan of Action), Africa

(AU/NEPAD), Europe (Council of Europe), Pacific (Ma dangFramework) with Ministerial commitments, regional consultations planned in other regions.

• Regional cooperation – ISDR Asia Partnership, collaborative centers, initiatives of drought (China), seismic ri sk (Iran), etc.

• Tsunami early warning and recovery has stimulated a wider risk reduction agenda In Indian Ocean

International level:• Engagement of different sectors environment, education, health• Increased commitment – UN agencies, WB/GFDRR, Regional

Development Banks, EC, Other Donors…• More engagement of NGO actors, private sector interests

Progress in implementation of the HFA

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UN landscape: scope for mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Reduction

Humanitarian Development MDGs

Sectoral - technical

IASCOCHAWFPUNICEF

UNDGUNDPWB/IFIs

To assistnational& localneeds &capacities

UNEP WHOUNESCO WMOFAO ILOUN-Habitat ITU……

Sustainable Development JPoI

Climate changeDesertificationBiodiversitySIDSLDCsWaterAfrica

ISDR

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The ISDR System is being strengthened

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Major challenges1. The World is still lack of understanding and capacity to

reduce disaster risks, especially at national level.

2. Governments have not allocated adequate human and financial resources for reducing existing disaster risks in order to protect development gains.

3. Development sectors have not yet made disaster risk assessment as part of their development plans and programmes at all levels.

4. Mainstreaming Gender concerns and needs in DRR still remains unsatisfactory.

5. Disaster risk reduction has not been fully recognized as a tool for climate change adaptation, especially at national level.

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Conclusionsand

Key steps forward

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Conclusions

• Linkages between poverty, environment, climate and disasters require integrated approaches

• Capacity needs for future climate risks are mostly similar to those for today’s risks

• Urgent need to integrate risk management into development sectors: health, education, environment, science, culture...

• Let’s build alliances for action utilizing ISDR mechanisms: media, governments, NGOs, academic institutions, private sector to address gender perspectives in DRR and CCA

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Key steps forward

www.unisdr.org

1. Forge coherent approaches to adaptation and DRR

2. Make risk reduction a core part of the post-2012 climate change strategy

3. Scale up the use of risk reduction tools as a core adaptation policy

4. Use the ISDR system to boost efforts to reduce and manage risk, especially

5. Make risk reduction an integral part of development policy and programmes

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“Climate change is expected to cause more severe and more frequent natural hazards. As our cities and coasts grow more vulnerable, these hazards can lead to disasters that are far worse than those we have seen to date. We have a moral, social and economic obligation to build resilience by 2015. Implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action will also help us reach the Millennium Development Goals.”

Ban Ki-moon,Secretary-General of the United Nations

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Thank you for your interest !

For further information: www.unisdr.org

Photo: Claire Wilkinson