challenges in development of indian power system mr. v. ramakrishna member (power system), cea
TRANSCRIPT
CHALLENGES IN
DEVELOPMENTOF
INDIAN POWER SYSTEM
Mr. V. RamakrishnaMember (Power System), CEA
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
EMERGING SCENARIO
CHALLENGES IN PLANNING
CHRONOLOGYPOWER DEVELOPMENT INITIAL YEARS Isolated Systems around Urban and Industrial AreasELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) ACT,1948. Rationalisation of Production and Supply of
Electricity and creation of CEA for this purpose. Extension of benefits of Electricity to Semi-urban and
Rural areas in most efficient and economical manner. Linking together contiguous areas to establish ‘Grid
Systems’. Enabled Provincial Govts to set up SEBs for
development and administration of ‘Grid Systems’.
Concept EmergenceConsolidation
& Integration
STATE GRIDS 1948 50s 60s & 70s
REGIONAL GRIDS 1964 70s 80s & 90s
NATIONAL GRID 1997 2000-2012 / 2015
TOWARDS NATIONAL POWER GRID
Growth in Transmission System
1950 71 81 85 90 92 97 2002 2005
DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM
CONCEPT SO FAR
Generation & transmission development on Regional self sufficiency.
Inter-regional lines for limited exchange of operational surpluses through asynchronous links.
Exchange in radial mode between ER - NR, WR - SR & ER - NR.
Surplus available not being fully utilized in other deficit regions as previous plans were not for bulk inter-regional transfer.
PROJECTS DEMAND 2011-12 16th EPS
REGIONS PEAK LOAD ENERGY (GW) (Average GU per day)
NORTHERN 49 0.85WESTERN 47 0.82SOUTHERN 42 0.72EASTERN 16 0.25NORTH-EASTERN 3 0.04ALL-INDIA 157 2.70
The above projection taken as basis for evolving perspective transmission plan for 2011-12.
GENERATION SCENARIO
PROJECTION 2011-12
16TH EPS
INSTALLED CAPACITY 210 GW
PEAK DEMAND 157 GW
ENERGY (Average) 2.7 GU per day
DEVELOPMENT OF GRID- WHAT NEXT ?
Regional Grids consolidated Stage set for optimization at National level Disposition of energy resources is uneven
Major Hydro resources in NER & NR Coal reserves mostly in Bihar/ Orissa/ West Bengal. Not much further Hydro Potential in WR & SR. Not much further coal potential in NR & WR. Environmental problems limiting further exploitation of
Hydro Potential
Optimal location of new generating resources in ER / NER.
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PERSPECTIVE
SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS POSSIBLE WITH POWER DEVELOPMENT PLANNED ON COUNTRYWISE BASIS AND THE SYSTEM OPERATED ACCORDINGLY
SAVINGS ON ACCOUNT OF:DEMAND DIVERSITIESRESERVE SHARINGOPTIMAL LOCATION OF GENERATIONENHANCED UTILISATION OF OPERATIONAL SURPLUSSES
AND MERIT ORDER GENERATION ON A WIDER SCALE.
TO ACHIEVE THE ABOVE A NATIONAL GRID IS BEING DEVELOPED
Physical LinksSPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
MUST BE ADEQUATE AND RELIABLE TO MEET EVACUATION REQUIREMENT FOR EACH STATION SEPERATELY.
MUST PROVIDE RELIABLE DISPERSAL TO DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF EACH AREA.
SHOULD FIT WELL INTO LONG TERM SYSTEM NEEDS
AMENABLE FOR STAGE DEVELOPMENT
OPTIMALLY UTILISE TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS
PLANNED TO MEET EXTREME CREDIBLE CONTINGENCIES
In case of inter regional lines this would mean increased surplus in normally surplus regions and simultaneously increased deficit in normally deficit region.
Growth in Inter-Regional Transmission CapacityINTER REGIONAL TRANSMISSION CAPACITY All figures in MW
YEAR 2002 2005 2007 2010 2012
765kV 0 0 1100 2200 9200
400kV 1000 2400 7800 11400 16400
HVDC bi-pole 0 2000 2500 2500 6500
HVDC b-t-b 2000 3000 3000 3000 3000
HVDC mono-pole 200 200 200 200 200
220kV 1850 1850 1850 1850 1850
TOTAL 5050 9450 16450 21150 37150
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
2002 2005 2007 2010 2012
YEARS
MW
765kV400kVHVDC bi-poleHVDC b-t-bHVDC mono-pole220kV
Inter-regional Lines - X PLAN
At the Start of 10th Plan 5050Added so far 4400To be added during remaining period of 10th Plan
7000Upgradation of Talcher – Kolar HVDC Bipole 500
Muzaffarpur - Gorakhpur 400kV D/C (Quad, TCSC)
2000
Biharshariff-Balia 400kV D/C (Quad) 1200
Patna-Balia 400kV D/C (Quad) 1200
Ranchi-Sipat 400kV D/C (40% Series Comp.) 1000
Agra-Gwalior 765kV S/C line-1 400kV operation
1100
Inter-regional Lines – XI PLAN BARH
Barh-Balia 400 kV D/C (Quad) 1200
ER-WR SCHEME
Rourkela – Raipur 400 kV D/C line – 2 (with TCSC) 1400
NR-WR SCHEME
Agra- Gwalior 765 kV S/C line-2 400kV operation 1100
Kankroli – Zerda 400kV D/C 1000
RAPP-Nagda 400kV D/C 1000
SUBANSIRI
BiswanathChariyali – Agra HVDC Bipole at + 600kV 4000
Bongaigaon – Siliguri 400kV D/C 1000
MAITHON RB, NORTH KARANPURA
North Karanpura-Sipat PP 765 kV S/C 2300
Sasaram-Fatehpur 765 kV S/C (40% Series Comp) 2300
Agra-Gwalior 765 kV S/C line-1 (Operation at 765 kV) 1200
Agra-Gwalior 765kV S/C line-1 (Operation 765 kV) 1200
YET TO BE FIRMED-UP
Hima-Sipat 400kV D/C 1000
Hirma-Raipur 400kV D/C 1000
Parli-Raichur 400kV D/C 1000
All India (addition during 11th Plan) 20700
Projected Requirement of Inter-Regional Transmission of Power
Winter Off Peak Winter Peak
Regions Availability DemandDeficit/ Surplus Availability Demand
Deficit/ Surplus
Northern 26086 31374 -5288 36052 44820 -8768
Western 43037 33651 9386 46312 51770 -5458
Southern 30024 24902 5122 34886 38310 -3424
Eastern 23438 8606 14832 25753 13240 12513
North-Eastern 1985 1404 581 4605 2160 2445
Total 124570 99937 24633 147608 150300 -2692
Projected Requirement of Inter-Regional Transmission of Power cont…3
Summer Off Peak Summer Peak
Regions Availability DemandDeficit/ Surplus Availability Demand
Deficit/ Surplus
Northern 38485 40338 -1853 42222 44820 -2598
Western 43052 36239 6813 45508 51770 -6262
Southern 31987 26817 5170 35633 36395 -762
Eastern 23948 9268 14680 25685 13240 12445
North-Eastern 5260 1512 3748 6570 2160 4410
Total 142732 114174 28558 155618 148385 7233
Programme – TRANSMISSION LINES
PROGRAMME
X Plan XI Plan
765 kV cKm 1040 3200
HVDC+ 600kV cKm 0 3600
HVDC+ 500Kv cKm 2740 1800
400 kV cKm 23180 44440
As at the end of
9th Plan 2004-05 10th Plan 11th Plan
765 kV cKm 970 970 2010 5210
HVDC+ 600kV cKm 0 0 0 3600
HVDC+ 500Kv cKm 3140 5880 5880 7680
400 kV cKm 49380 59170 72560 117000
Programme – SUBSTATIONS
PROGRAMME
X Plan XI Plan
765 kV MVA 3000 21500
HVDC bi-pole MVA 2500 6500
HVDC b-t-b MVA 1000 0
400 kV MVA 33675 40000
As at the end of
9th Plan 2004-05 10th Plan 11th Plan
765 kV MVA 0 0 3000 24500
HVDC bi-pole MVA 3000 5000 5500 12000
HVDC b-t-b MVA 2000 3000 3000 3000
400 kV MVA 61325 73500 95000 135000
Inter-linking transmission system under State Sector
Matching transmission system at 220kV and 132 kV Sub-transmission at 66kV and 33kV Distribution system (33kV and below for Rural Areas)
(132kV and below for cities)
System up to the final destination catering to the load growth and ensure delivery of the electricity up to the end consumers in the country.
220 kV & 132 kV Normative Estimate(including R &M)
(not included in NEP, should form part of States’ Plan)
PROGRAMME
X Plan XI Plan
230 /220 kv cKm 20000 23000
132/ 110 kV cKm 22000 20000
230/220 kV MVA 35000 69000
132 /110 kV MVA 32000 53000
As at the end of
9th Plan 2004-05 10th Plan 11th Plan
230 /220 kv cKm 97000 106000 117000 140000
132/ 110 kV cKm 118000 130000 140000 160000
230/220 kV MVA 116000 139000 151000 220000
132 /110 kV MVA 120000 136000 152000 205000
MAJ OR TRANSMISSION NETWORK OF INDIA
Uncertainty in load growth Impact on Transmission planning
Delicensing of Thermal Generation Need for periodic review of plan.
CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING
SCHEDULE OF H.E. PROJECTS
Constraints in RoW
Creation of Pooling Points & bulk transmission Experience of Kishanpur – Moga 765kV line.
CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (Contd..)
OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION
Market driven exchanges may influence pattern of power flow
Periodic review and strengthening
CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (Contd..)
RoW CONSTRAINT Environmental Wild Life sanctuaries Multi circuit lines ?
Urban areas GIS, high capacity lines
Utilisation of Hydro potential in North East
CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (Contd..)
Transmission System for Hydro development in NER
30-35 GW of Hydro potential in North-eastern Region10 GW from Sikkim and Bhutan
Substantial power from this region would be required to be transmitted to NR/WR over distances exceeding 2000 km.
Right of way constraints in the chicken neck area. Hybrid network of EHVDC and high capacity 400 kV
AC would be developed.
Emerging Technologies
Problems associated with development of All
India Grid
Upgrading of Protection system
Isolation of faulty system
Defense mechanism
Emerging Technologies (contd…)
GIS, FACTS etc
Compression of construction period
Satellite imagery
Standardization of Tower Design
Modern construction techniques
Failure rate of transformers