challenges in medicine e-learning solutions
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Challenges in medicine e-learning solutionsTRANSCRIPT
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
CHALLENGES IN MEDICINE
NEED FOR
E –LEARNING SOLUTIONS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 1
MEDICAL EDUCATION
• Medical education had as its foundation a
combination of didactic instruction in the classroom and
integrated, hands-on "Socratic Method" learning in the
clinical setting. Of late, there has been an increase in
the use of problem-based learning discussions
(PBLD's) in an effort to integrate basic science
knowledge and clinical decision making with a goal of
teaching critical decision making skills to upcoming
physicians and other health care providers.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 2
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Educating a Medical Student
Not a Easy JOB ??? • Transmmiting knowledge
- To know
- Intellectual Component
• Acquire skills and abilities - To know how
- Operative Component
• Acquire and develope attitudes - “Hows” and “Whys”
- Emotional and Moral Component
3
• Today's medical educators
are facing different
challenges than their
predecessors in teaching
tomorrow's physicians. In
the past few decades,
changes in health care
delivery and advances in
medicine have increased
demands on academic
faculty, resulting in less
time for teaching than has
previously been the case
TODAYS MEDICINE A CHALLENGE TO
TEACHERS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 4
E-LEARNING SERVICES CAN SUPPORT
• Shortage of trained faculty and increase in number of medical students and colleges in India.
• Detoriating standards in Medical education ???
• Online resources can reach out across time and space barriers. Can be a substitute in few areas.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 5
• E-learning is also
called Web-based
learning, online
learning, distributed
learning, computer-
assisted instruction,
or Internet-based
learning.
WHAT IS E-LEARNING
DR.T.V.RAO MD 6
WHAT IS E-LEARNING?
The use of Internet technologies to
deliver a broad array of solutions
that enhance knowledge and
performance
Rosenberg,
2001
E-learning is Internet-enabled
learning
http://www.cisco.com
DR.T.V.RAO MD 7
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Electronic Health
eHealth
Health Internet
New Paradigms
8
COMPONENTS OF E-LEARNING
• Two common e-learning modes: distance learning
and computer-assisted instruction. Distance learning
uses information technologies to deliver instruction to
learners who are at remote locations from a central
site. Computer-assisted instruction (also called
computer-based learning and computer-based training)
uses computers to aid in the delivery of stand-alone
multimedia packages for learning and teaching. These
two modes are subsumed under e-learning as the
Internet becomes the integrating technology.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 9
WHY TEACHERS NEED E-RESOURCES
• E-learning refers to the use of Internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performance-learning can be used by medical educators to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of educational interventions in the face of the social, scientific, and pedagogical challenges noted above. It has gained popularity in the past decade; however, its use is highly variable among medical colleges and appears to be more common in basic science courses than in clinical practice
DR.T.V.RAO MD 10
E-learning: Blended mode
Chalk-and-board has long ruled the classrooms • will not be eliminated
• Less emphasis
Interactive Digital Content: • more emphasis • on demand learning
• interactive
DR.T.V.RAO MD 11
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
• Problem-based learning stems from an appreciation
that the application of static knowledge serves as a rich
source of learning about dynamic and important clinical
decisions that are made everyday in the medical arena.
Problem-based learning is not the only modality for
education and we are unlikely to ever get rid of
standard lectures for the delivery of information or the
Socratic Method to engage students to develop their
critical thinking skills.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
• Effective knowledge transfer is of paramount
importance for the maintenance and advancement of
our health care system. In any discipline, effective
knowledge transfers consists of delivery of factual
knowledge about the topic and exposure to tools and
thinking processes required to make critical decisions
about the information at hand. Traditional didactic
lectures address the delivery of factual knowledge;
however one can question both the effectiveness
as well as efficiency of this mode of education.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 13
• E-learning adds many
dimensions to the educational
process and if utilized well, has
the potential to enhance both the
students and instructors
educational experience.
One of the problems with
traditional didactic lectures is that
they often present information
that targets one of the many
learning style of the students
involved
E-LEARNING ADDS …. MANY
SOLUTIONS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 14
IN E-LEARNING LEARNER CHOOSES THE
CONTENT
DR.T.V.RAO MD 15
• One benefit of e-learning
allows students to access
the lectures and other
material when they are
most attentive. In addition,
students have the ability to
review the material to the
degree they feel necessary.
It is my hope this article
touches the surface of
some of the current web
tools available for use in
the area of education.
BENEFIT OF E-LEARNING
DR.T.V.RAO MD 16
• With new and improved
technology, the web has
become much more
dynamic allowing for
targeted delivery of
information as well as an
increased amount of
interactivity on the part of
the user. The remainder of
this article will focus on
some of the available
technologies that can
enhance the educational
experience.
INCREASED POTENTIALS OF
INTERNET
DR.T.V.RAO MD 17
WEB-BASED LEARNING PLATFORMS
• The development of sophisticated, web-based learning
platforms that are easy to use from a student and a
teacher prospective, medical education is beginning to
embrace a new modality of knowledge transfer. Web-
based, multimedia learning platforms bring about
numerous possibilities not easily met with traditional
didactic instruction, however, many of the studies
looking to e-learning as a replacement for more
traditional classroom education have not shown a
significant improvement.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 18
EVOLUTION OF EDUCATION
TECHNOLOGY
TIME
TIME
IMPACT
Internet:
Greatest
impact
DR.T.V.RAO MD 19
• The ability to harness the
expertise and time of numerous
educators has the potential to
lead to an ever evolving
knowledge base that can morph
to meet the needs of the
students. By using web-based
tools, we are no longer
constrained to a given time or
location to deliver information
and interact with students on a
given topic
WEB LEARNING ELIMINATES GEOGRAPHIC
CONSTRAINS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 20
• The ability to engage many facets of
a student using multimedia
material has the added
advantage of covering the many
learning styles present in the
diverse student population in the
medical fields. The use of
multimedia coupled with the
tracking of effectiveness and
collaboration of both students
and faculty leads to a platform
that continues to evolve in both
effectiveness and efficiency
MULTIMEDIA EDUCATION CHANGES THE
FACE OF LEARNING
DR.T.V.RAO MD 21
INTEGRATING E-LEARNING INTO MEDICAL
EDUCATION
• The integration of e-learning into existing medical
curricula should be the result of a well-devised plan
that begins with a needs assessment and concludes
with the decision to use e-learning. Although some
institutions have tried to use e-learning as a stand-
alone solution to updating or expanding their curricula,
we believe it is best to begin with an integrated strategy
that considers the benefits and burdens of blended
learning before revising the curriculum
DR.T.V.RAO MD 22
Is there an information problem in medicine?
Yes it is SEVERE
• Information explosion -15 million “facts” must a medical student learn -1990-91 = 50,000 articles in gastroenterology -250,000 art. Every 2 years, 342 / day, 4.2 /min.
• “Facts” that are not facts p.e. apendicitis and pain localization
• The imprecission of medical language F. T. de Dombal, 1993
TRADITIONAL & E-LEARNING
APPROACH
Traditional and E-learning approaches
Traditional Classroom E-Learning
Classroom • Physical – limited size
• Synchronous
• Unlimited
• Anytime, anywhere
Content • PowerPoint/transparency/etc
• Textbooks/library
• Video
• Collaboration
• Multimedia / simulation
• Digital library
• On demand
• Syn & Asyn. Communication
Personalisation • One learning path • Learning path and pace
determined by learner
DR.T.V.RAO MD 24
DELIVERY MODE WILL CHANGE
Lack of facilities and
funding
Increase in tuition fee
Growing student population
Privatisation of
education
Cost effective solutions
(e.g. e-learning)
More virtual universities
Delivery Mode
100 : 0 (F/T)
80 : 20 (F/T)
20 : 80 (DE)
DR.T.V.RAO MD 25
TEACHING AIDS WILL CHANGE
Blackboard OHP TV/VHS
LCD
PC
Whiteboard
DR.T.V.RAO MD 26
E-LEARNING IS MORE INTERACTIVE
• In an on-line multimedia learning
environment:
– teaching & learning is ‘one-to-one’ (individual)
– more interactivity (in normal classroom, it varies with
the class size)
– learner-centred
– Learner monitoring & grading system
DR.T.V.RAO MD 27
BUILDING AN E-LEARNING CULTURE
Learner:
Self-directed
Self-motivated
Self-regulating
Lifelong learning
Teacher:
Develop knowledge & skills
Understand learning and its need
Facilitate learning
Create learning opportunities
Administrator:
Create Learning environment
Provide ICT infrastructure
Resources for lifelong learning
Building an
E-learning
Culture
DR.T.V.RAO MD 28
MANAGING THE UNDERGRADUATE
EDUCATION
• In undergraduate medical education, e-learning offers learners
materials for self-instruction and collaborative learning. In
graduate medical educa. E-learning materials suited for each of
these competencies can be integrated into the education of
residents and fellows, replacing lectures and other synchronous
methods of instruction. Asynchronous e-learning can be
effectively used during demanding clinical care rotations,
especially when duty hours are limited yet curriculum
requirements remain high. In continuing medical education,
physicians with daily clinical obligations can attend medical e-
conferences using e-learning.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 29
E-LEARNING GAINING THE ACCEPTANCE OF
STUDENTS AND TEACHERS
• There is evidence for the effectiveness and
acceptance of e-learning within the medical
education community, especially when combined
with traditional teacher-led activities in a
blended-learning educational experience.
Several digital repositories of e-learning
materials exist, some with peer review, where
instructors or developers can submit materials
for widespread use or retrieve them for creating new materials.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 30
• The evaluation of e-learning
should include a peer-review
process and an assessment of
outcomes such as learner
satisfaction, content usability,
and demonstration of learning.
Faculty skills in creating e-
learning may differ from those
needed for traditional teaching;
faculty rewards for scholarly
activity must recognize this
difference and should be
commensurate with effort.
CREATING FACULTY FOR PEER REVIEWING
CONTENTS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 31
• The integration of e-
learning into
undergraduate, graduate,
and continuing medical
education will promote a
shift toward adult learning
in medical education,
wherein educators no
longer serve solely as
distributors of content, but
become facilitators of
learning and assessors of
competency.
INTEGRATION OF E-LEARNING IN
MEDICAL EDUCATION
DR.T.V.RAO MD 32
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Emerging Paradigm
• Education and training along the whole
life
• Without barriers of time or place
• Access to best knowledge whereever it is
located
• Possibility for all to be readers and
writers, students and teachers
• Utilization of all technologies available, at
present or in the future, for accessing
contents and learning experiences 33
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE
Plan to Develop an e-learning module
for the respective subject domain in
your college,
Collaborate with other colleges,
Make the best of resources available
resources to everyone
DR.T.V.RAO MD 34
ISSUES FOR CONTENT Teaching strategies should be creatively blended, using methods like instructional units, case studies, simulations, video units and other Web based resources to encourage learners. These courses should enable learners to see the relevance of the material, respect the expertise learners bring to the course, allow learners to control their own learning paths through meaningful exercise and activities and, last but not the least, emphasize clearly and continually the connections between what is being learnt and the real world applications.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 35
BENEFITS E-EDUCATION
• Convenient
– self-service (mix and match)
– on-demand (anytime, anywhere)
– private learning
– self-paced
– Flexibility: (modular package)
DR.T.V.RAO MD 36
BENEFITS
• Cost-effective
– Virtual learning environment
– Share lessons among schools
– Reduce material cost
– Reduce travel/accommodation costs
DR.T.V.RAO MD 37
BENEFITS
• Consistent
–Central control of content
–Same quality of content for all
–Same quality of education for all
DR.T.V.RAO MD 38
BENEFITS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 39
• media-rich
– Easier to understand & more engaging
• repeatable
– As many times as you like
• easier to monitor progress
– less administrative work
– can be more precise
BUILDING AN E-LEARNING CULTURE
Learner:
Self-directed
Self-motivated
Self-regulating
Lifelong learning
Teacher:
Develop knowledge & skills
Understand learning and its need
Facilitate learning
Create learning opportunities
Administrator:
Create Learning environment
Provide ICT infrastructure
Resources for lifelong learning
Building an
E-learning
Culture
DR.T.V.RAO MD 40
HOW TO MAKE AN EFFECTIVE ELEARNING
MODULE
If you would like help with these questions, this module is for you!
How will the learner track their
progress – so that they will be
confident that they have achieved
something?
Where do I start? How can eLearning
make the content more
interesting?
I want to make a module that will be an effective learning
resource. But …
E-LEARNING FILLS SEVERAL GAPS
eLearning modules aim to fill several gaps:
Provide health-care students and front-line health
workers in resource poor countries with learning
resources that will be effective in improving health
outcomes
Involve health staff in resource-poor countries in
making “home-grown” learning resources so that
• the resources are directly familiar to “real-life”,
day-to-day health care in their own setting
• they build their expertise in developing effective
resources for adult learners
Take advantage of digital technology and
copyright-free content to:
• develop short learning modules that actively
engage the learner
• include formative assessment so that the
learner can track their progress
• use simple, widely available software so that
others can adapt the materials for teaching other
target groups
The modules are usually designed to be studied mainly by a single learner sitting at a computer screen. However, they can be used to generate discussion topics or exercises that can be suitable for groups of learners.
WISH TO REAP THE BENEFITS OF ICT –
E-LEARNING
• ICT and e-learning offers opportunity to raise
educational standards in schools
• Large range of ICT tools are available for
teaching and learning
• Closes the gap of “Digital Divide”
• Involvement of teachers and parents is
important
• Schools will need funding, access and
training
DR.T.V.RAO MD 43
NOTE
DR.T.V.RAO MD 44
• I request all the New Generation of Medical Professionals and Paramedical staff to realize the importance of our attitude change towards e-learning in creating the resources and
teaching the young medical students in new emerging modalities. Medical profession in many developing countries
heading towards major professional crisis due to lack of resources, reluctance of several professionals accepting that
e- education is the need of the hour
• Dr.T.V.Rao MD Professor of Microbiology
• Email- [email protected]