challenges to the new government chapter 9 section 2
TRANSCRIPT
Challenges to the Challenges to the New GovernmentNew Government
Chapter 9Chapter 9
Section 2Section 2
9-2 Objectives9-2 Objectives
You will:You will: 1. Explain why Washington wanted to 1. Explain why Washington wanted to
secure the Trans- Appalachian West secure the Trans- Appalachian West
2. Analyze the causes and outcome of 2. Analyze the causes and outcome of The Battle of Fallen TimbersThe Battle of Fallen Timbers
9-2 Objectives9-2 Objectives
You will:You will:
3. Identify the reasons for the Whiskey3. Identify the reasons for the Whiskey
Rebellion.Rebellion.
4. Explain how Washington maintained4. Explain how Washington maintained
U.S. neutrality U.S. neutrality
Issues Faced by Issues Faced by Washington as PresidentWashington as President
1. 1. Problems in the WestProblems in the West competing claims on the landcompeting claims on the land
2. 2. Native American resistance to Native American resistance to
white settlements in the Northwest white settlements in the Northwest TerritoryTerritory
Battle of Fallen TimbersBattle of Fallen Timbers
Issues Faced by Issues Faced by Washington as PresidentWashington as President
33. . The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
4. French Revolution4. French Revolution Reign of TerrorReign of Terror
AGREEMENTSAGREEMENTS
Treaty of GreenvilleTreaty of Greenville
Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty
Pinckney TreatyPinckney Treaty
Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation
Problems in the WestProblems in the West
Washington faces problems in the Trans-Washington faces problems in the Trans-Appalachian WestAppalachian West
(land between the Appalachian Mnt. & (land between the Appalachian Mnt. & Mississippi River)Mississippi River)
Problems in the WestProblems in the West
The The sourcesource of the trouble was of the trouble was competing competing claimsclaims on the land on the land
At one time Spain, England, Native At one time Spain, England, Native Americans, & the United States claimed the Americans, & the United States claimed the landland
Spain claimed Florida & the port of New Spain claimed Florida & the port of New OrleansOrleans
Problems in the WestProblems in the West
For American For American western settlers the portwestern settlers the port
of New Orleans was key to tradeof New Orleans was key to trade
Spanish threats to close the port of New Spanish threats to close the port of New OrleansOrleans was taken was taken veryvery seriously by seriously by
the American settlersthe American settlers
Problems in the WestProblems in the West
Spain caused trouble between the Spain caused trouble between the settlers & Native Americans in the settlers & Native Americans in the SoutheastSoutheast
Strongest resistance by NA to white Strongest resistance by NA to white settlement was in the Northwest Territorysettlement was in the Northwest Territory
Problems in the WestProblems in the West
Native Americans in the NW TerritoryNative Americans in the NW Territory
hoped to join together to form anhoped to join together to form an
Independent NA nationIndependent NA nation
The The BritishBritish (in the Ohio R. Valley) (in the Ohio R. Valley)
supported the Native Americanssupported the Native Americans..
muskets & gunpowder provided by Britishmuskets & gunpowder provided by British
Problems in the WestProblems in the West
Settlers pour into Northwest Territory in Settlers pour into Northwest Territory in 1790s1790s
Newcomers ignored treaties U.S. signed Newcomers ignored treaties U.S. signed with Indians of that regionwith Indians of that region
Problems in the WestProblems in the West
NativesNatives respond by respond by attacking settlersattacking settlers
Settlers strike backSettlers strike back / some time against / some time against wrong groupwrong group
Problems in the WestProblems in the West
1790 Miamis led 1790 Miamis led by Little Turtle by Little Turtle joined other tribes joined other tribes & drive settlers out & drive settlers out of areaof area
Problems in the WestProblems in the West
George Washington believed the NW George Washington believed the NW territory was critical to U.S. securityterritory was critical to U.S. security
Washington sent troopsWashington sent troops headed by headed by General Arthur St. Clair into the Ohio General Arthur St. Clair into the Ohio ValleyValley
Native Americans Native Americans defeat Gen. St. Clairdefeat Gen. St. Clair
Washington then Washington then appoints General appoints General (Mad (Mad
Anthony) WayneAnthony) Wayne
1794 1794 Gen. Wayne defeats NAGen. Wayne defeats NA led by Blue led by Blue Jacket at Jacket at Battle ofBattle of Fallen TimbersFallen Timbers
1795 Miamis & 11 other 1795 Miamis & 11 other tribes signtribes sign Treaty Treaty of Greenvilleof Greenville NA NA give up landgive up land
that later becomes southern Ohiothat later becomes southern Ohio
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
Conflict arose over the Conflict arose over the government’s government’s taxtax on whiskeyon whiskey
Backcountry farmers resisted the tax Backcountry farmers resisted the tax
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
Crops such as corn wheat & rye were Crops such as corn wheat & rye were more easily carried to market in liquid more easily carried to market in liquid formform
Horse could carry 2 bushels of rye or 2 Horse could carry 2 bushels of rye or 2 barrels of whiskeybarrels of whiskey
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
Two barrels = 24 bushelsTwo barrels = 24 bushels
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers used whiskey as money to get Farmers used whiskey as money to get the supplies they neededthe supplies they needed
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
Summer of 1794Summer of 1794
Farmers in western Pennsylvania Farmers in western Pennsylvania stage a The Whiskey Rebellionstage a The Whiskey Rebellion against against the taxthe tax
Summer of 1794Summer of 1794
Farmers in western Pennsylvania Farmers in western Pennsylvania stage a The Whiskey Rebellionstage a The Whiskey Rebellion against against the taxthe tax
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
Beat up a tax collector (Neville) coated him Beat up a tax collector (Neville) coated him with tar & featherswith tar & feathers
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers threatened an armed attack on Farmers threatened an armed attack on PittsburghPittsburgh
Washington was prepared to crush the Washington was prepared to crush the rebellionrebellion
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
October 1794October 1794
General William Henry Lee along w/ General William Henry Lee along w/ Hamilton led 13,000 troops into Western Hamilton led 13,000 troops into Western PaPa
The Rebels fledThe Rebels fled
OLIVER MILLER OLIVER MILLER HOMESTEAD South ParkHOMESTEAD South Park
Map of Whiskey Rebellion siteMap of Whiskey Rebellion site
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
Washington had showed that the Washington had showed that the government had the government had the power & the willpower & the will to to enforce its lawsenforce its laws
French RevolutionFrench Revolution
July 14,1789 July 14,1789
attack on French prison attack on French prison “The Bastille”“The Bastille” starts French Revolutionstarts French Revolution
Many Americans felt the U.S. should Many Americans felt the U.S. should support Lafayette a leading French support Lafayette a leading French reformerreformer
Reign of Terror
1793 – Louis XVI is beheaded & family
during the Reign of Terror tens of thousands of French citizens were executed
The violence divides opinions in U.S.
Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation
Nobles in Europe fear spread of Nobles in Europe fear spread of revolution revolution
Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Netherlands, Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Netherlands, & Spain sent armies to overpower & Spain sent armies to overpower revolutionariesrevolutionaries
Threatens to draw U.S. into the war Threatens to draw U.S. into the war
Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation
President Washington issues the President Washington issues the Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation
it stated that the U.S. would not it stated that the U.S. would not support either side in the warsupport either side in the war
said no Americans could help either side said no Americans could help either side
Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation
British began seizing the cargos of U.S. British began seizing the cargos of U.S. ships carrying goods from French West ships carrying goods from French West IndiesIndies
Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation
Washington sends Washington sends John Jay for talks on John Jay for talks on seizing shipsseizing ships
Also to persuade Also to persuade Britain to give up Britain to give up forts on the forts on the Northwest frontier Northwest frontier
Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation
Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to England for talks about seizures of to England for talks about seizures of U.S. shipsU.S. ships
Jay also hoped to persuade the British to Jay also hoped to persuade the British to give up the forts on the Northwest frontiergive up the forts on the Northwest frontier
Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation
After the Battle of Fallen Timber the After the Battle of Fallen Timber the British agreed to leave the Ohio Valley by British agreed to leave the Ohio Valley by 17961796
British signed British signed Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty British agreed to pay for damage toBritish agreed to pay for damage to shipsships they seizedthey seized
Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation
Jay’s Treaty was unpopular because it Jay’s Treaty was unpopular because it did not open British West Indies trade to did not open British West Indies trade to AmericansAmericans
Pinckney TreatyPinckney Treaty
Thomas PinckneyThomas Pinckney
Reduced tensions on Reduced tensions on the frontierthe frontier
Spain gave Spain gave U.S. U.S. rights to travel rights to travel freely on the freely on the Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Pinckney TreatyPinckney Treaty
Gave Americans the right to store goods Gave Americans the right to store goods at the port of New Orleans w/o paying at the port of New Orleans w/o paying customs dutiescustoms duties
Spain accepted the 31Spain accepted the 31stst parallel as the parallel as the
northern border of Florida & southernnorthern border of Florida & southern
Boundary of the U.S.Boundary of the U.S.
Farewell AddressFarewell Address
1796 Washington announced he would 1796 Washington announced he would retire in his retire in his Farewell AddressFarewell Address
urged U.S. to avoid becoming urged U.S. to avoid becoming involved in European affairs to stay involved in European affairs to stay neutralneutral
also said to also said to avoid political partiesavoid political parties
What 4 critical decisions did What 4 critical decisions did President WashingtonPresident Washingtonmake?make?
Decision/ResultsDecision/Results
1.1.
2.2.
3.3.
4.4.
Explain TreatiesExplain Treaties
Treaty of GreenvilleTreaty of Greenville
Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty
Pinckney TreatyPinckney Treaty
Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation