Changes

How Organic Molecules Facilitate Chemical Reactions

Mechanical change

• Changing the appearance of something without disturbing the chemical bonds– Crush– Dissolve– Vaporize– Dehydrate (ex dehydration

synthesis)

• Relatively easily reversible

Chemical Change

• Rearranges the bonds within molecules to form new substances– Wood burning– Decay– Rusting

Chemical Change and Energy

• Energy is put in or released when the new bonds are formed

• Activation energy – what is needed to start the reaction

Rate of Reaction

• Influenced by– Reagent availability

(raw materials)– Temperature– pH

Catalysts

• Speed up the rate of reactions– Platinum within catalytic converter in car– Silver with Hydrogen Peroxide– Hand warmer thingy

Enzymes

• Catalysts that are large organic molecules (proteins) that change the rate of reaction

• Specific to the reaction

Enzymes

• Organic catalysts that change the rate of reactions

• Act upon substrate• Specific to the reaction• “Climate” of maximum

effiency• Active site is a portion of the

whole enzyme

Denatured

• Protein structure can be changed by– Heat– pH

• Wont work anymore

Lock and Key model

• Enzymes either join molecules together or break them apart

• Specific to reaction

Enzymes Are Proteins!

Protein Shape Determines Functionality

20 Different Amino Acids

• Variations depending on R-Group or side chain

• “Letters” in the alphabet

Protein Folding

• Primary Structure – Amino Acid Sequence

• Determined by your DNA

Protein Folding

• Secondary Structure – amino acids fold into sheets and helix shapes

Protein Folding

• Tertiary Shape – Protein compacts and twists on itself

Protein Folding

• Quarternary Structure – Several proteins combine together

• Final useful protein

Most of Your Body is Protein!

• Muscle• Skin• Hair• Fingernails• Enzymes