chapter 1 an introduction to biology -...
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Chapter 1 An Introduction to Biology
! Criteria for living organisms ! Evolution: Unity and Diversity of Life ! Taxonomy: Levels of Biological Organization ! Scientific Method & Discovery Science
Key Concepts:
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Figure 1.1 The Many Faces of Life
What is the Fundamental Unit of Life?
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Evolution: Change in genetic makeup over time
! Charles Darwin-On the Origin of the Species (1859)
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Darwin’s World Tour
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Observations of Darwin
• Natural selec+on-‐Differen(al survival and reproduc(on in a popula(on.
– Adapta+on-‐Process where structural, physiological, or behavioral traits are acquired from natural selec(on that are op(mal for survival or reproduc(on
– Mechanism of evolu+on: Due to non-‐random gene+c changes
– Mechanism of how biological traits become more/less common in a popula+on
• Species-‐Biological group that can reproduce fer(le and viable offspring together.
– Specia+on-‐Two groups diverge un(l they can no longer reproduce
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Charles Darwin Observed Species Diversity of Finches
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Adapta(ons
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Why so Blue?
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! Binomial nomenclature " Each species has a unique scientific name " Genus name capitalized " Species descriptor is not capitalized " Both names are italicized
Amphiprion ocellaris = Ocellaris clownfish
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Biologists use different model systems
Fugu rubripes-Pufferfish S. cerevisiae
Drosophila Zebrafish
Xenopus
C. elegans Bacteria
Human/Primate
Rodent
In silico
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The Scientific Method: Hypothesis Testing