Overview of Anatomy and Physiology: !-Anatomy- _____________________________________________ of body parts and their relationships to one another. !! -Gross or Macroscopic= large and easily observable!! -Microscopic= very small!! -Derived from the Greek Words= cut (tomy) apart (ana) !-Physiology- the study of the function of the body and its part. !!Levels of Structural Organization: !- Chemical: _____________ combined to form molecules (simplest level)!- Cellular: Cells are made of _______________ and are

the smallest units of all living things. !- Tissue: Consists of similar types of cells!- Organ: Made up of 2 or more tissue types. !- Organ System: Consists of different organs that

___________________________________.!- Organismal: Made up of the

____________________________ (highest level). !!!Necessary Life Functions: !- ____________________- the internal environment

remains distinct from the external. !- Cellular Level- accomplished by plasma

membranes!- Organismal Level- accomplished by the skin !

-____________________- locomotion, peristalsis, and contractility !-_______________- ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them. !- ___________ Digestion- breakdown of ingested foods. !- _______________ - all the chemical reactions that occur in the body !- ______________- removal of wastes from the body !- ______________- cellular and organismal levels (cell divides, sperm & egg unite) !- ______________ - increase in size of a body art or of the organism. !!Survival Needs: !- ________________- chemical substances used for energy and cell building !- _______________- needed for metabolic reactions. !- _______________- provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions. !

Chapter 1- An Orientation to the Human Body NOTES

- _____________________________________________- necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life-sustaining rates. !

- _________________________- required for proper berating and gas exchange in the lungs. !!Homeostasis!- __________________________________________________________________________!- The internal environment of the body is in a dynamic state of equilibrium !- Chemical, thermal, and neural factors interact to maintain homeostasis. !!Body Systems!For the following 11 body systems, know the main function(s) and structures (parts) that make up each. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Stop Day 1 Notes

!!!Anatomical Position- !-Body is erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing _________________, thumbs point ___________ from the body. !!Directional Terms: !- Superior and Inferior- toward and away from the head. !- Anterior and Posterior- toward the front and back of the body. !- Medial, Lateral and Intermediate- toward the midline, away from the midline,

and between a more medial and lateral structure. !!Directional Terms: !-Proximal and Distal- closer to and further from the ___________ of the body. !-Superficial and Deep- Toward and away from the _______________ surface.! !!

!!Body Planes: !-Sagittal or Medial- Divides the body into __________ and _________ parts. !-Frontal or Coronal- Divides the body into ___________ and ______________ parts. !-Transverse or Horizontal (cross section)- Divides the body into _____________ and _____________ parts. !-Oblique Section- Cuts made ________________. !!!

!!!!!!!!_________________ _______________ ____________________ !

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* Label the following Body Planes: !!

Body Cavities: !-______________________ cavity: Protects the nervous system, and is divided into 2 subdivisions: !! -Cranial Cavity is within the skull and encases the brain. !! -Vertebral Cavity runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal ! cord. !-Ventral Cavity houses the internal organs (viscera) and is divided into 2 subdivisions: !! -Thoracic !! -Abdominopelvic !-Thoracic Cavity is subdivide into pleural cavities, mediastinum and the pericardial cavity. !! -Pleural cavities: Each house a lung!! -Mediastinum: Contains the pericardial cavity and surrounds the remaining ! thoracic organs. !! -Pericardial: Encloses the heart.

Label The Following Diagrams:

Body Cavities Continued:!-The Abdominopelvic cavity is separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome shaped ________________. !-It is composed of two subdivisions: !! -Abdominal Cavity- Contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver & other !!! organs. !! -Pelvic Cavity- Lies within the pelvis & contains the bladder, reproductive organs !! and rectum !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Label the Following Diagram

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Ventral Body Cavity Membranes -____________________ serosa covering the body walls. -____________ serosa covering the internal organs. -Serous fluid separates the serosae.

Abdominopelvic Regions

Organs of the Abdominopelvic Regions

Abdominopelvic Quadrants