chapter 1, form 4 - the introduction to biology
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Chapter 1, Form 4
The Introduction To Biology
1.1 UNDERSTANDING THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY
1, Definition2, Importance3, Fields of Study4, Careers5, Ways of Studying
1.2 APPLYING SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
1, Identifying a problem2, Forming a hypothesis3, Planning an experiment4, Controlling the variables5, Conducting the experiment6, Collecting data7, Recording data8, Analysing and interpreting data9, Making a conclusion10, Writing a report
1.1 - The Study of Biology
1. Biology ~> Scientific study 2. Biology ~> Greek words
I, Bios ~> Life II, Logos ~> Study
3. ImportanceI, Understand living organisms and their life processesII, Understand the structures of living organisms and its functionsIII, Understand the interaction between living organismsIV, Appreciate the diversity of living things
4. Different fields of study in BiologyI, MicrobiologyII, BiochemistryIII, AnatomyIV, BiotechnologyV, GeneticsVI, MedicineVII, ZoologyVIII, BotanyIX, EcologyX, Taxonomy
5. Careers in BiologyI, MedicineII, BiotechnologyIII, AgricultureIV, Industry
6. Various ways of studying Biologya) Requires:I, Scientific skillsII, Scientific methodsIII, Good scientific methods & Noble values
b) Scientific skills are divided into two componentsI, Science process skillsII, Manipulative skills
7. Scientific methods are used to discover the phenomena of life & to find the causes of it
1.2 – Scientific Investigation
1. Scientific Investigation involves the following steps
I. Identifying a problem The problem to be solved is determined by observing the phenomena
The variables are identified The problem is stated in the form of a
question which is known as a problem statement
II. Forming a hypothesis A hypothesis is a statement about an observed event
It includes the variables and their relationships to each other
The hypothesis is tested by conducting an experiment
III. Planning an experiment Collecting information, determining the apparatus & materials needed
Planning the proceduresIV. Controlling variables 3 types of variables
Manipulated Variable ~> Factor causes an observable phenomena - independent variable
Responding Variable ~> Dependent variable - results obtained due to changes in manipulated variable
Constant Variable ~> Kept constant V. Conducting the experiment The experiment is carried outVI. Collecting data The data is collected and recorded
accuratelyVII. Recording data The data is presented in any formVIII. Analysing & interpreting
data Relationship between the Manipulated
Variable & Responding Variable is determined
IX. Making Conclusion Conclusion is made whether the results support or refuse the hypothesis
X. Writing a report Complete report based onI. ObjectiveII. Problem statementIII. HypothesisIV. VariablesV. Materials & apparatusVI. TechniqueVII. ProcedureVIII. ResultsIX. DiscussionX. Conclusion