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Chapter 1

I. Objective type questions :

1 Fill in the blanks.

1. Excretion is the process by which the human body removes waste from the body.

2. The cells group together to form tissues.

3. Respiration is the physical process of taking in oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide.

4. There are a total of 32 teeth in an adult.

5. The excretory system that eliminates urine from the body involves kidneys, ureter , urinary bladder

and urethra.

II. Very short answer questions :

2 Give two examples for the following.

1. Organs of the digestive system

Stomach, liver

2. Organs of the respiratory system

Lungs, windpipe

3. Organs of the circulatory system

Hearts, arteries

4. Gases exchanged via blood

Oxygen, carbon dioxide

5. Organs of the excretory system

Sweat glands, kidneys

Short answer questions:

1. What is an organ?

Similar tissues group together to form organ.

2. What is a bolus?

A small rounded mass of chewed food at the moment of swallowing is called bolus.

3. What is the other name for the food pipe?

Other name for the food pipe is oesophagus.

4. What flows through the blood vessels?

Blood is flows through the blood vessels.

5. Name the waste excreted from the body.

The waste products that are excreted are urine, feces and carbon dioxide gas.

IV. Long answer questions

1.Explain the process of digestion of food in our body.

When we eat food, the salivary glands in the mouth release saliva which mixes with the food. The

tongue pushes the food into the food pipe. The food pipe takes the food to the stomach. Here the walls

of the stomach releases gastric juices that further digest the food.

The food then goes to the small intestine. The juices from liver and pancreas also help in the digestion of

the food in the small intestine. Absorption of the food takes place in the small intestine which is then

carried to different parts of the body. The food that does not get digested is passed on to the large

intestine. Here water gets absorbed. The food is stored in the colon part until it is excreted through the

anus.

2.Explain the process of respiration in the body.

Respiration is the process in which the energy is generated from the food we eat We breathe in air

through the nose. The air then passes on to the wind pipe or the trachea. The trachea bifurcates into

bronchus each one entering a muscular sac like structure called the lungs. Here the exchange of gases

between the lungs and the capillaries take place. The oxygen in the air is passed on to the blood and the

carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses into the air which is removed from the body out while exhaling.

3.Explain the process of circulation in the body.

The circulatory system helps in transporting minerals and nutrients to different parts of the body. The

blood is transported in vessels called arteries and veins.

The arteries carry oxygenated blood that is blood containing oxygen to different parts of the body from

the heart. The veins carry deoxygenated blood that is blood containing carbon dioxide from different

parts of the body to the heart. The heart pumps the blood to the lungs. Here the blood gives out carbon

dioxide and receives oxygen. The oxygenated blood flows back to the heart from where it is taken to

different parts of the body.

HOTS

What would happen if only the circulatory system stopped working? Would it affect other processes?

Our body needs energy to do work. If circulatory system stopped to work then no oxygen will be

transported to cells and no energy will be release. So, all system will be collapsed.

V. Picture based question

Name the organ systems shown below and name the organs involved.

1 The digestive system

Organ involved: mouth, food pipe, stomach, liver; pancreas, small intestine and large intestine.

2 The Excretory system

Organ involved: sweat glands, liver, lungs and Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra

3 the circulatory system

Organ involved: heart and blood vessels

4 The Respiratory system

Organ involved: nose, windpipe and lungs

Chapter 2 THE SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

I. Objective type questions

Fill in the blanks.

a. There are 33 vertebra in the vertebral column.

b. The brain box is also called the cranium.

c. There are 12 pairs of ribs.

d. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord.

e. The elbow is an example of a hinge joint.

State true or false.

a. There are 600 muscles in our body.

F

b. The skull is also called the cranium.

T

c. The hinge joint allows free movement of the hands and feet.

F

d. The muscles of the legs are triceps and biceps.

T

e. All the bones of the skull are movable.

F

II. Very short answer questions

Give one word for the following.

a. Framework formed by bones

skeleton

b. Place where two bones meet

joint

c. Joint found in the neck region

pivot joint

d. Joint in the wrist

gliding joint

e. The other name for the skull

cranium

f. Ribs that are not attached to the breastbone

floating ribs

g. The strongest bone

Femur

III. Short answer questions :

a. What is the skeletal system?

Bones, ligaments, joints make the skeletal system.

b. What is a joint?

A place where two bones meet is called a joint.

c. What are tendons?

Tendons are tough tissues that connect muscle to bone.

d. What are the two types of muscles?

There are two types of muscles in our body. They are

voluntary muscles

involuntary muscles

e. What is a ribcage? What is its function?

The ribcage is formed of twelve pairs of bones. The ribcage protects internal organs like the heart and

lungs.


a. Describe the different types of joints and their movements.

The different joints are

Ball and a socket joint

In this joint, the round ball-like end of one bone fits into the hollow space of the other bone. For

example, the bone of the upper arm joining at the shoulder region.

Hinge joint

Hinge joint is a type of joint in which the movement is similar to that of a hinge. It is seen in elbows and

knees where the movement occurs only in one direction.

Gliding joint

Gliding joint is one where two bones glide over one another to bring about the desired movement.

Examples of gliding joints are the wrist and ankle.

Pivot joint

Pivot joint is seen in the neck region where the head is joined to the rest of the body. It allows very

limited movement

b. How are voluntary and involuntary muscles different from one another?

Involuntary muscles are muscles whose movements are not in our control. Voluntary muscles are

muscles whose movements can be controlled by us.

Hots

What would happen if our body had no bones?

If our body has no bones then we would not have a fix shape

V. Picture-based question

Label the triceps and biceps in the picture shown below.

Label the picture

Chapter 3 DISEASES

Multiple choice questions

1. A disease that spreads form one person to another

a. Communicable b. Vectors c. Pathogens

2. A disease that does not spread from one person to another

a. Non-communicable b. Vectors c. Pathogens

3. Air borne diseases

a. Flu b. Cholera c. Polio

4. A communicable disease

a. Polio b. Common cold c. Marasmus


Give two examples.

a. Types of diseases

Communicable and non communicable

b. Insects that carry diseases

House fly and mosquito

c. Air borne diseases

Common cold and viral fever

d. Water borne diseases

Cholera and typhoid

III. Short answer questions

a. What is a disease?

A disease is an abnormal condition that affects part or all of an organism.

b. Who is an infected person?

The person who gets the diseases is called the infected person.

c. What is a non-communicable disease?

Diseases that do not spread from one person to another are called non-communicable diseases.

d. What is a communicable disease?

Diseases that can spread form an infected person to a healthy person are called communicable diseases.

HOTS

What would happen if we eat an apple without washing it?

Unwashed food contains germs. If we eat an apple with out wash we can get sick.

Picture based questions

Look at the picture. What do you think will happen if Priya eats the food?

There are some flies on the food that priya is eating. So she can get sick.

Chapter 4 PLANTS

I. Objective type questions:

Fill in the blanks.

a. Mint is a herb.

b. Wheat is an annual plant

c. Root anchors the plant in the soil.

d. Stem help to carry food to different parts of the plant.

e. Fruit have seeds inside them.


Give two examples of each of the following.

a. Tress

Neem, peepal

b. Herbs

Mint, coriander

c. Creepers

water melon, pumpkin

d. Perennial plants

pine, neem

e. Annual plants

wheat, paddy

f. Biennial plants

carrot, radish


a. What are the types of plants based on their shape and size?

Trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers and creepers are the types of plant based on shape and size

b. What are the types of plants based on how long they live?

Perennial plants, Biennial plants and Annual plants are the type of plants based on how long they can

live.

c. Which is the most beautiful part of a plant?

Flower is the most beautiful part of the plant.

d. Which part of the plant is fleshy and edible?

Fruit is fleshy and edible part of the plant.

e. How are seeds useful?

The seed when planted in the soil and under favourable conditions give rise to a whole new plant.

IV. Long answer questions:

a. Explain the different types of plants with examples.

Trees

Trees are big, tall and strong. They have a thick and strong trunk that bears strong branches. Some

examples of trees are banyan tree, coconut tree, eucalyptus tree and neem tree.

Shrubs

Shrubs are plants that are smaller than trees. Their stems are thin but strong and woody. Rose and

jasmine are shrubs.

Herbs

Herbs are small plants with thin, weak and green stems. Mint, corridor are herbs

Climbers

Climbers are plants weak stems that can grow straight with the help of support. Grapevine and money

plants are climbers.

Creepers

Creepers are plants with weak stems that grow along the ground. Water melon and pumpkin are

creepers.

b. Explain the different parts of a plant and their functions.

Plant has many parts.

Roots

The root grows below the soil. The root absorbs nutrients from the soil. The root of a plant prevents soil

erosion.

Stem

The stem is the part of the plant that helps the plant stay erect.

Leaf

The leaf is where the plant prepares its food. Hence it is also called the kitchen of the plant.

Flower

The flower is the most beautiful part of the plant. It also helps in reproduction.

Fruit

The flowers change into fruits. The fruit is the fleshy edible part of the plant.

Seed

The seed when planted in the soil and under favourable conditions give rise to a whole new plant.

HOTS

Why cannot the creepers grow straight up even with support?

They have heavy fruit so they can’t grow up straight even with support.


Classify them as trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers and creepers.

1. Tree

2. Tree

3. Creeper

4. Shrub

5. Herb

Chapter 5 animals


Fill in the blanks.

1. Places where animals live are called habitat.

2. Animals the live on trees are called aerial animals.

3. The kind of food animals eat most of the time is called their eating habits.

4. Based on their eating habits, animals are group as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers and

decomposers.

5. Animals that live in water are called aquatic animals.

II. Very short answer questions:

Give two examples.

1. herbivores

Horse, cow

2. carnivores

Lion, wolf

3. omnivores

Bear, crow

4. scavengers

Vulture, hawk

5. decomposers

Bacteria, fungi

III. Short answer questions:

1. What are burrowing animals?

Animals that ,make hole in soil are called burrowing animals.

2. How is a scavenger different from a decomposer?

Scavengers are animals that eat the remains of dead animals while decomposers decompose the dead

remains.

3. What is a habitat?

The places where animals live most of the time are called their habitat.

4. What is eating habit?

The food they eat the most is called their eating habits.


1. Explain the different types of animals based on where they live.

Terrestrial animals

Animals that live on land are called terrestrial animals. They have strong legs that help them, walk, run,

and gallop on land.

Burrowing animals

Animals like rabbits, snakes and moles make holes in the ground. Their holes where they live are called

burrows. Such animals are called burrowing animals.

Aquatic animals

Some animals live in the water are called aquatic animals. They have certain bodily features that help

them live and move in water. Fishes have fins, octopuses have tentacles and whales have flippers.

Amphibians

Animals like frog, salamander and crocodile live both on land and in water. Such animals are called

amphibians.

Arboreal animals

Animals that live on trees are called arboreal animals. These animals have strong limbs and tails that

help them to hold on to the branches of trees.

Aerial animals

Aerial animals are those that spend most of their time flying in the air. They have wings which help them

to fly.

2. Explain the different types of animals based on what they eat.

Herbivores

They are animals that eat only plants and plant products. They have strong flat molars and premolars

which help them chew the plants. Cow, horse, goat are examples of herbivores.

Carnivores

Carnivores are animals that eat the flesh of other animal. They have sharp canines that help them to

tear the flesh of other animals. Lion, tiger and wolf are examples of carnivores.

Omnivores

Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and flesh of other animals. Bear and crow are examples of

omnivores. Humans are also omnivores.

Scavengers

Scavengers are animals that eat the remains of dead animals. Vulture and hawk are examples of

scavengers.

3. Explain how different aquatic animals have different features to help them live in water.

Water animals have certain bodily features that help them live and move in water. Fishes have fins,

octopuses have tentacles and whales have flippers.

HOTS

What would happen if a fish is made to live on land? Give a reason for your answer.

Fish can not live on land because she has not lungs to take oxygen from air. She has gills which are

enabling to take oxygen from water.

V. Picture–based question

Write what these animals eat.

1. Rabbit

2. Lion

3. Deer

Chapter 6 Save the animals and plants


Fill in the blanks.

a. PETA stands for People for the ethical treatment of animals' .

b. Warm blooded animals are those that make their own body heat by converting the food they eat into

energy.

c. Cold blooded animals cannot generate their heat.

d. endangered animals are those that are in danger of being extinct.

e. Cutting down of trees in large numbers is called Deforestation.

II. Very Short Answer Questions:

Give reasons for the following.

a. Animals being extinct

Hunting, Poaching and Habitat destruction are the main reason for animals being extinct.

b. Deforestation

Demand of wood, Availability of products, Urbanization and Forest fire are the main cause of

deforestation.


a. What are warm blooded animals?

Warm blooded animals are the animals that produce their own body heat by converting the food they

eat into energy.

b. What are cold blooded animals?

Cold blooded animals cannot generate their own heat and have the temperature of their environment.

c. What are endangered animals?

Some animals may get wiped completely form the surface of earth by different cause are called

endangered animals.

d. What is deforestation?

Cutting down trees in large numbers is called deforestation.

e. What are extinct animals?

Some animals have extinct from the earth are called extinct animals.


a. Explain the types of animals based on their number.

Some animals are abounded in number while some are on the edge of extinct. These are called

endangered animals. Some animals are already having extinct. They are called extinct animals.

b. Explain the types of animals on their capability to generate heat.

Animals can be grouped into two types based on how they adapt with the changes in the environment.

They can be warm blooded or cold blooded animals.

Warm blooded animals

Warm blooded animals are the animals that produce their own body heat by converting the food they

eat into energy.

Cold blooded animals

Cold blooded animals cannot generate their own heat and have the temperature of their environment.

c. Write the causes of deforestation.

Demand of wood

To meet the demand of wood for furniture and other purposes, trees are being cut down in large

numbers

Availability of products

We get many things that we need in our daily life like food, medicines, paper, gum, rubber etc. form

trees and plants. Hence trees are being cut in large numbers to meet the demands.

Urbanization

Forest area or land is being cleared up to make space for building buildings.

Forest fire

Forest fire wipes an entire forest also killing the animals living in it.

d. Write the effects of deforestation.

Deforestation causes a major adverse change in weather due to global warming. Due to the rise in

temperature, the polar caps and melting flooding the rivers and seas. The rise in the sea level is

drowning the low level lands. The forest also known as the green lungs of the earth are being wiped out

at such a rate that in the future the earth will no longer be a suitable place to live in. It also causes soil

erosion, landslide and drought.

HOTS

Can you get back the animals once they become extinct?

No we can get back the animals once they become extinct.


Tick the animal that we need to save.

Tiger

Chapter 7 Spoilage of food and their preservation


Fill in the blanks.

1. In drying, the water of the food is removed.

2. Food gets spoilt when microorganisms starts growing in it.

3. Spoilage of food changes the colour , smell and taste of it.

4. Consumption of spoilt food is dangerous.

5. Drying is a method which prevents the food from getting spoilt.


Give two examples.

a. Reasons for preservation

Preservation is a method which prevents the food from getting spoilt.

b. Effects of consuming spoilt food.

Consumption of spoilt food is dangerous as it may cause food poisoning and lead to severe diarrhea and

vomiting.

c. Methods of preservation.

Drying, canning, pickling, refrigerating, freezing, and pasteurization


a. What is spoilage of food?

The food who is unsuitable for consumption is called spoilage food.

b. What is the reason for spoilage of food?

A food item gets spoilt because harmful microorganisms start growing in it and make it unsuitable for

consumption.

c. What happens if we eat spoilt food?

It may cause food poisoning and lead to severe diarrhea and vomiting.

d. What is preservation?

Preservation is a method which prevents the food from getting spoilt.


a. Explain the various methods of preservation.

There are various ways in which we can preserve food. Let us learn about them in detail.

Drying

Drying prevents the bacteria from growing in the food thus increasing its shelf life.

Canning

Canning prevents the germs form entering the cans thus preserving the food.

Pickling

Vegetables are chopped and immersed in oil and a lot of salt is added. The high content of the salt and

oil prevents the growth of microorganism thus preventing spoilage of food.

Refrigerating

Refrigerating food maintains very low temperature thus preventing spoilage of food.

Freezing

Keeping food in the freezer or at extremely low temperature is called freezing. This preserves the food

for a very long time.

Pasteurization

This is another method in which the milk is boiled at a very high temperature and the temperature is

brought down. It is again boiled at very high temperature repeatedly maintaining high and low

temperature alternately.

b. How can you check if a food is spoiled?

Here are some of the ways to know the food item is spoiled without tasting it.

You can see the colour change. Spoilt food shows a change in colour. It becomes dirty green or

black.

You can check for the change in shape. Spoilt food gets wrinkled and becomes soggy like spoilt

tomatoes.

You can check for foul smell. Every spoilt food gives a bad smell.

Spoilt food also tastes bad.

HOTS

How does boiling help in preserving food?

Boiling kill the germs in food and save the food for spoilage.

V. Picture based question

Tick all the food items that are spoiled.

3rd , 5th and 6 th is spoilage food

Chapter 8 Water


Fill in the blanks.

1. Water that seeps into the ground gets collected in the non-porous layer.

2. River, pond and lake are surface water.

3. Dams and canals are built to use surface water.

4. Evaporation is the change of water to vapour.

5. Dew, snow and frost are the result of condensation


Give one word.

1. Main source of water

Rain

2. Water that seeps into the ground

Ground water

3. Water that is on the surface

Surface water

4. Collecting rain water

Rain water harvesting

5. Level of water under the ground

Ground water table


1. Why do we need water?

All living beings need water. Human beings need water for drinking, bathing, cleaning, cooking washing

and watering the plants.

2. What is surface water?

Rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams, seas and oceans that can be seen on the surface of the earth are all

examples of surface water.

3. What is ground water?

Some of the water on the surface seeps into the ground and flows below the soil is called groundwater.

4. Why does groundwater not flow below the water table?

Because of non porous layer the water can not go beyond the water table.

5. What is fog?

Fog is a layer formed above the earth surface with the dust and water vapor.


1. How is fog formed?

When water vapor condenses on dust particles, they remain suspended in the air forming fog.

2. What are the factors that affect evaporation?

Heat, Humidity and air are the factors the effect the evaporation.

3. What is dew?

Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening

due to condensation.

4. Why are canals and dams built?

Canals and dams are built to use the surface water.

5. What happens to the bowl of water kept under the sun after sometime? Give reason.

The water level become less after some time because of evaporation.

HOTS

Why do we not get snowfall in the plains?

The temperature of plains is not much low which is required for snowfall.


Look at the picture and write where the water will eventually go. Trace its path.

Do it in note book

Chapter 9 BALANCE OF NATURE


1. Fill in the blanks.

a. humans, plants and animals and are biotic factors.

b. Soil, water, air and light and are abiotic factor

c. animals takes in oxygen and gives out carbon dioxide.

d. Plants take in carbon dioxide and gives out oxygen.

e. atmosphere is the layer that covers the surface of earth.


Give one word.

a. Living components

humans, plants, animals and microorganisms

b. Non living components

Soil, water, air and light

c. Layer that covers the earth

Atmosphere

d. Gas needed by plants for their growth

Carbon dioxide

e. Gas needed by plants to carry out photosynthesis

Oxygen

III. Short answers questions:

a. What are the components of an environment?

Both living and non living things are a part of our environment.

b. What are biotic components?

The living things are the biotic components.

c. What are abiotic components?

The non-living things are the abiotic components.


a. How are biotic components helpful?

Plants

Green plants make their own food. Herbivores feed on plants. Carnivores depend on the herbivores for

food. Omnivores depend on both plants and herbivores for food.

We need oxygen to breathe or live. The plants give out oxygen at the end of photosynthesis which is

utilized by all other living beings.

Animals

Animals give out carbon dioxide which is essential for the survival of plants as they need it to carry out

photosynthesis.

Animals like rabbits and squirrels help in dispersal of seeds as they carry seeds too far of places suitable

for germination.

Microorganisms

Microorganisms are also called decomposers. They act on the dead remains of both plants and animals

and degrade it thus returning the nutrients back to the soil. In the process, they also clean up the

environment.

b. How are abiotic components helpful?

Air

Without air there can be no life on earth. Nitrogen is needed by plants for their growth. Oxygen is

needed by humans and animals for breathing. Carbon dioxide is needed by plants to carry out

photosynthesis.

Water

All living beings need water. Plants need water for carrying out photosynthesis.

Soil

This is the layer where the plants grow. Without soil the plants will not grow.

Light

The light from the sun gives us warmth. Light is also necessary for photosynthesis.

c. Describe how the balance in nature is maintained.

Animals are depending on plants for food and oxygen in the same way plants depends on animals for

nutrition and carbon dioxide. so this create a balance in nature.

d. Describe how the balance in nature is being disturbed.

Humans are cutting down trees thus decreasing the forest cover which affects the climate in that area.

They are also killing animals like tiger due to which the number of herbivores are increasing. The

increase in herbivores is again leading to decrease in plants.

HOTS

When we kill the tigers, why does the number of deer increase?

It happens because of food chain. When we kill the tigers the more number of deer will be safe, so

number of deer will be increase.


Look at the pictures and write how we can keep our environment safe.

Write in the class.

Chapter 10 NATURAL CALAMITIES


A. Fill in the blanks.

1. A natural calamity is a disturbance inside the earth's surface or in the ocean that causes mass

destruction and loss of life and property.

2. Overflow of water from the rivers during heavy rainfall is called flood.

3. Massive sliding of a piece of land due to heavy flow of water is called land slide.

4. A huge tidal wave that wash away everything standing on its way is called tsunami.


Write one safety measure to be taken during the following calamities.

1. Earthquake.

During an earthquake, one should run for an open area away from buildings and trees.

2. Tsunami.

Tsunami prone-areas and low-lying areas should be evacuated immediately.

3. Volcanic eruption

During the volcanic eruption one should evacuate the area immediately.

4. Flood

During the flood we should move to high rising area.

5. Drought

We should plant more trees that hold the water and absorb water into the soil thus increasing the

groundwater level.


a. What is a natural calamity?

A natural calamity is a disturbance inside the earth's surface or in the ocean that causes mass

destruction and loss of life and property.

b. What is a volcano? Name its types.

Volcanoes are cracks on the earth's surface out of which molten rock called magma comes out.

Volcanoes are classified into three categories according to their nature of eruption - active, dormant and

extinct.

c. What is a drought?

When there is no rainfall for a long period of time, the rivers, ponds and lakes dry up. This condition is

called drought.

d. What is a landslide?

When the water flows with great speed and force washing away lands on its path is called land slides.

e. What is an earth quake?

When there is a sudden violent movement in the plates under the surface of the earth, is called an

earthquake.


a. What happens during a flood? Write the aftermath of flood.

Flood leads to generation of diseases due to water clogging for a long time. Diseases spread rapidly in

flood affected areas. Communication and transportation get cut off due to floods. Access to food and

water in flood affected areas become difficult. Crops get destroyed during floods.

b. What are the effects of earthquake?

Effects of earthquake

Buildings collapse burying people and killing them.

Roads get damaged and electric poles get uprooted.

Earthquake leads to other natural calamities like landslides and tsunamis.

A sudden violent shake under the surface of the earth cause a mass of land to slide down. This

mass movement of a piece of land is called a land slide. Landslide also sweeps away the houses,

buildings and people with it.

c. What is the cause of an earthquake?

When there is a sudden violent movement in these plates under the surface of the earth, we experience

an earthquake

d. What are the long term effects of drought?

The ground water also evaporates hence there is no water available in the wells and handpumps as well.

The crops wilt and dry, cattle die due to thirst. Severe drought may lead to a condition called famine in

which there is no supply of food and people die of hunger.

HOTS

Why should we take warning messages seriously?

With warning massages we can save a lots of lives and also the valuable of the people.


What does the picture show? Also write its effects.

Chapter 11 FORCES, WORK AND ENERGY

I. Multiple type questions

1. A force is applied when we

a) Push something b) Pull Something c) both a and b d) none

2. Force can change the ......................of the object.

a) Shape b) Length c) Breadth d) Width

3. Lifting a bucket is a example of.

a) Gravitational Force b) Elastic Force c) Muscular Force d) Electrostatic Force

4. We are able to walk on the ground due to

a) Friction Force b) Elastic Force c) Muscular Force d) Electrostatic Force


Give one word for the following.

1. A type of force that is used to squeeze a lemon.

Muscular force

2. A type of force that acts on a ball dropping

Gravitational force

3. A force due a magnet

Magnetic force

4. A non-renewable source of energy

Fuels

5. A renewable source of energy

Solar energy


1. Define force.

A force is a push or pull upon an object which can change shape and direction of the object.

2. Define energy.

Energy is the ability to do work.

3. Define work.

Work is said to be done when force is applied on something, and makes it move.

4. What is the bad side of friction?

Friction creates problems for machines. That is why we lubricate them by oiling to make them work

smoothly.

5. What is the main source of energy on earth?

Sun is the main source of energy on earth.


1. What is meant by force? What are the different types of force?

A force is a push or pull upon an object which can change shape and direction of the object. There are

different types of forces around us. Muscular Force, Gravitational Force, Magnetic Force, Friction

2. Explain the different characteristics of force?

Force has different characteristics:

A force can push and pull the things

A force can make the things stop

Force can change the shape of the object

3. What is friction? What is the good and bad side of friction?

Friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object. Good fraction is that who help us in walking,

running and enable to walk on rough surface. Bad friction is that who create problem in machines and

wear the sole of tyres.

4. What is the difference between magnetic force and elastic force?

The force due to which a magnet attracts the substances made of iron is called magnetic force. The

force due to which elasticity is called elastic force.

5. What are the different types of energy?

Energy is the following types:

Electrical Energy, Heat Energy , Wind Energy, Wind energy, Water Energy, Solar Energy

6. Write a short note on fuels.

Fuels are any materials that store potential energy in forms that can be practicably released and used

for work or as heat energy. The primary fuel is petroleum. It is found inside the earth at a great depth.

Other fuels like petrol, diesel and LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) are obtained from petroleum. They are

called secondary fuels. These fuels are non-renewable sources of energy and so we should use them

judiciously.

HOTS

Why does a tailor lubricate his sewing machine frequently?

Because of friction the parts of machine will be tear off if he could not give proper lubricant to his

machine.

VI. Picture-based question

Look at the following pictures and identify the type of force:

1. Gravitational force

2. Magnetic force

3. Elastic force

Chapter 12 SIMPLE MACHINES

I. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following devices is used to do work?

a) Sewing Machine b) Pulley c) Wheel Barrow d) All

2. How many levers are there in scissors?

a) One b) Two c) Three d) Four

3. Which of the following is correct about fulcrum?

a) It is movable b) It is immovable c) Fulcrum is also called as imbalanced point

d) Less the distance between the effort and fulcrum, more the load can be moved

4. In how many types a lever can be classified?

a) One b) Two c) Three d) Four

5. Which of the following arrangements is based on wheel and axle?

a) Car b) Door Knob c) Wagon d) All


(a) Give one word.

1. A device used to do work .

Machine

2. A device that reduces the amount of work necessary to lift heavy objects .

Lever

3. A type of lever in which fulcrum is placed between the load and the effort .

First class lever

4. A simple machine with a rope and wheel.

Pulley

5. A simple machine with a slanting edge.

Inclined plane

(b) Give two examples.

1. First class lever

Scissors, sea saw

2. Second class lever

Hand cart, cutter

3. Third class lever

Hammer, stapler

4. Wedge

A chisel

5. Inclined plane

Ramp of house


1. What is a simple machine?

A simple machine is a device that is used to do work.

2. What do you understand by lever?

The lever is a long pole or a rod that is used to lift heavy objects.

3. What is a pulley?

A pulley is a kind of simple machine which uses a wheel and a rope.

4. When do we call a wheel a simple machine?

The wheel becomes a simple machine when a rod called axle is attached to it.

5. Define wedge.

A wedge is a simple machine with a slanting side.


1. What are different classes of lever? Explain with the help of examples.

The lever can be classified into three types.

1. First Class Lever: - In this type of lever, the fulcrum is placed between the load and the effort.

Example: Sea saw

2. Second Class Lever: - In this type of lever, the load lies between the effort and the fulcrum.

Example: Cutter

3. Third Class Lever: - In this type of lever, the effort is placed between the load the fulcrum.

Example: hammer

2. Write a short note on wheels and axle.

The wheel becomes a simple machine. When a rod called axle is attached to it. The axle goes through

the wheel and this makes the wheel turn. In this way, it becomes easy to move the thing from one place

to another with the help of the wheel and axle.

3. What is a difference between a wedge and a screw?

A wedge is a simple machine with a slanting side. The slant ends in a sharp edge. It helps in cutting

material apart. A screw is another simple machine which consists of helical grooves called threads. It

passes into another object with the help of these threads.

4. Write a short note on block and tackle arrangement.

When two or more wheels are put together and rope is wound around them a lifting machine is created.

A pulley system is also called block and tackle arrangement.

HOTS

Moving an object up an inclined plane needs less force than lifting it straight up. Why?

Inclined plane is used to rise of lower load. You will find that moving an object up on an inclined plane

needs less force than lifting it straight up


1.Look at the following pictures and identify and tick the lever.:

First and second

Chapter 13: LENSES AND MICROSCOPES

I. Multiple type questions:

1. .............................................is the science of light.

a) Radiology b)Optics c) Astronomy d) microbiology

2.In how many types a lens can be categorized?

a) Two b) Two c) Four d) Five

3.Which of the following is a convex lens?

a) Magnifier b) hand lens c) Magnifying Lens d) All

4. Which of the following is called a smallest unit of our body?

a) Tissue b) Organ c) Organ System d) Cell


a. Give one word.

(a) A transparent material with a curved surface

Lens

(b) A lens which is thinner at the middle than at the edges

Convex lens

(c) Other name for magnifying glass

Hand lens

(d) Inventor of magnifying glass

Roger bacon

(e) Device used by the researcher in the laboratories

Microscope

b. State True or False

1. Optics is the Science of electricity

F

2. Convex lenses are thinner in the middle portion

F

3. Different planets can be seen through telescopes

T

4. Galileo was the discoverer of microscope

T

5. Radio scope are used by geologist for the study of rocks and minerals

F


1. Which branch of science is used by the scientist for the exploration of universe?

optics

2. Which type of lenses are used in eyeglasses?

Concave

3. Write one use of magnifying glass.

With the help of magnifying glass we can see bigger image of stamps.

4. Which lens can focus light at a point?

Magnifying glass( convex lens)

5. Write down any two parts of a microscope.

Tubes and lens

IV. Long answer questions :

1. Define lens. What are the different types of lens?

A lens is a transparent material. It has one or more than one curved surface. Lenses can be categorized

into two types: Convex lens and concave lens

2. Mention any four uses of lenses.

1. The lenses are used in binoculars to see the object which are very far from us.

2 we use lenses in projector.

3. Scientists and researchers use microscope.

4. Telescopes consist of lenses which help us to see things in the space for example different.

3.Write a short note on magnifying glass.

A magnifying glass or a magnifier or a hand lens or a magnifying lens is a convex lens. We can hold it in

our hand and can see a bigger image of a smaller object. It has a handle and is mounted in a frame. The

discoverer of magnifying glass is Roger Bacon who invented it in 1950.

4. What is microscope? What are the various parts of a microscope?

A microscope is a specialized instrument which is used to view objects that cannot be seen through

naked eyes. A microscope consists of one or more than one tubes. These tubes are fitted with a lens.

The object which is studied is mounted on the slide and the slide is kept on the stage. The other part of

the microscope includes coarse adjusting knob, fine adjusting knob, light source , diaphragm, arm and

base.

5. Explain with the help of an activity that convex lens can focus light at a point.

Take a piece of paper, now select a place which is safe and where fire cannot affect any other thing

except the paper. Bring the magnifying glass in front of the sun, you will observe a small and bright dot

on paper.

Now try to concentrate the sunrays with the help of the magnifying glass in a way that the dot will

became smaller and smaller.

Soon you will observe that the piece of the paper start burning due to accumulation of sunlight at the

point.

HOTS

What is the need of lenses in devices like binocular and microscopes?

Lens is used to magnifying the things or to see the objects from long distances. Binocular and

microscopes are the machines which are used to see the small things. So we use the lens in binocular

and microscope.


Look at the following devices and explain the type of lenses used in them.

Convex, convex, concave

Chapter Maps and Globes

I. Multiple type questions

1. Which of the following can show the entire picture of the earth in one view?

a) Map b) Globe c) Both a and b d) None

2. Which of the following maps show the natural features of the earth?

a) Political map b) Physical map c) Thematic map d) Climate map

3. What is the location of North on the map?

a) Top b) Bottom c) Right d) Left

4. Which of the following is the main element of the map?

a) Title b) Direction c) Legend d) All

5. Political maps show the boundaries of

a) Countries b) Mountains c) Plains d) Rivers


a) Give one word.

1. A drawing that can depict the whole world.

map

2. Maps that give information about roads, vegetations and annual rainfalls.

Thematic maps

3. Key of the map

Legend of map

4. Maps that show the large area without much detail

Small scale map

5. Symbols used on the map

Reading of map

b) Fill in the blanks.

1. A globe is round like a ball.

2. A map is portable as it can be taken from one place to another.

3. A book of map is called Atlas.

4. A map can depict a smaller view of a larger area.

5. Legend is a key of map which depicts colours and symbols used in map.


1. What is a map?

A map is flat drawing of the area.

2. What is a globe?

Globe is the small model of the earth.

3. What are the different types of map?

Maps can be categorized into three types—political maps, physical maps and thematic maps.

4. Write down any two main elements of a map.

A map has several elements that make it easy to use. The main elements of the map include title,

directions, scales, legends, grid system and symbols.

5. What is the importance of a grid system in the map?

Grid system helps to locate the places on the maps easily.


1. What is the difference between maps and globes?

Maps

1. A map can depict the whole world or a small part of it.

2. A map is portable. This means it can be easily taken from one place to another.

3. Since a map is drawn or printed on a flat paper, it can be easily rolled or folded. It therefore occupies

less space.

4. A map can show the entire picture of the earth in a single view.

Globes

1. A globe cannot depict minute details that are shown by the map.

2. A globe is bulky in comparison to a map and cannot be taken from one place to another.

3. A globe cannot be rolled or folded and therefore occupies more space.

4. A globe shows only one half of the of the earth in one view or glance.

2. What are the different types of maps? Explain.

Maps can be categorized into three types—political maps, physical maps and thematic maps.

Political maps are ones that show the boundaries of the world, countries, states and even cities.

Physical maps are ones that show the natural features of the earth like mountains, plains, rivers,

plateaus and seas.

Certain maps that give specific kind of information are called thematic maps. Maps giving an idea about

roads, vegetation and annual rainfall, population density come under thematic maps.

3. What are the different elements used on a map?

A map has several elements that make it easy to use. The main elements of the map include title,

directions, scales, legends, grid system and symbols.

4. What is the significance of symbols used on map?

The reader can understand or read a map with the help of symbols. There are various symbols used on a

map. These symbols remain the same even if we use them in different maps. These symbols are called

conventional symbols. Several features such as capitals, railways, rivers, mines, airports, etc. are

represented by symbols.

5. What are the different methods of showing the map scale? Explain.

There are two methods of showing the map scales

Large scale map: A map that explains a smaller area in detail is called a large scale map. These maps are

also called plans.

Small scale maps: A map which shows the large area without much detail are called small scale map.

HOTS

Why have maps become more popular among students and other people than globes?

Maps are portable so we can use it wherever we want.


Look at the following maps and identify their types.

Physical map, political map, railway route map

Chapter Transportation


1. Which of the following is not the means of transportation?

a) Scooter b) Telephone c) Ship d) Air plane

2. Which of the following is/are the means of land transport?

a) Roadways b) Railways c) Both a and b d) None

3. Grand Orient Express connects Paris in France with Istanbul in .............................

a) USA b) Canada c) Vladivostok d) Turkey

4. Airplanes, helicopters, cargo planes and jumbo jets are means of ..................................transportation.

a) Air b) Land c) Water d) Space


a) Give one word.

1. Movements of goods from one place to another.

Transport

2. Transportation preferred for short distances.

Land transport

3. Railway that connects Leningrad to Vladivostok.

Trans Siberian Railway

4. Canal which has shortened the distance from Australia and New Zealand to East coast of America.

The Panama Canal

5. four or six lane roads.

Expressways

b) Give one word for the following

1. Roadways transportation

BUS

2. Railways transportation

rail

3. Air transportation

Helicopter

4. Places where large airports are located

London


1. Define freeways.

Broad and straight roads which have about four or five lanes are called freeways

2. What do you understand by heritage trains?

Trains connected the heritage sites are called heritage trains.

3. Which transport system is considered as environment-friendly system?

Water transport is called environmental friendly system.

4. Which transport system is the fastest means of transport system?

Air transport is the fastest means of transport system.


1. What are the different means of land transportation? Explain.

Land transport can be divided into roadways and railways. Bus, truck, car motorbikes are the means of

road transport. Trains are the mean of rail transports.

2. Write a short note on water transportation.

When the railway system was not introduced, waterways had been a major means of transport. India

has 600 km long coastline and about 10 major ports. It has improved the trade opportunities to a large

extent. It is an efficient and an environment-friendly transport system.

3. Which is the fastest means of transportation? Write any five features about it.

Airways are the fastest means of transportation.

.

4. Which transportation has given birth to space flight? Enumerate some uses of it.

Space travel is another mode of transportation that has given birth to space flight.

5. What are the negative effects of transportation?

Noise pollution and air pollution are the adverse effects of transportation.

HOTS

Why water transportation is considered environment-friendly transportation?

It produces less noise and air pollution So we considered it environment friendly.


Look at the following pictures and identify the means of transportation.

1. Water transport

2. Space transport

3. Air transport

Chapter 16 COMMUNICATIONS


1. How many types of communication are there?

a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five

2. Which of the following is a type of communication used in olden days?

a) Carrier pigeons b) Fax c) Telephone d) Television

3. Which of the following is not a type of personal communication?

a) Post office b) Telephone c) Newspaper d) Fax

4. Which of the following is an example of mass communication?

a) Newspaper b) Television c) Magazines d) All

5. Which of the following statement is False?

a) A newspaper has all sorts of information for different age groups.

b) E mail can be sent without the help of the internet connection.

c) A fax machine is connected to a telephone in order to work.

d) Telephone is the fastest and cheaper means of communication.


a) Give one word.

1. The process of communication in which messages are sent without any words.

Non verbal communication

2. Communication between two people

Personal communication

3. Place from where we can buy postcards, inland letters, envelopes and stamps

post office

4. A machine which is connected to a telephone in order to work

FAX machine

5. The fastest means of communication

Telephone


1. Define verbal communication.

When we communicate our message verbally to whoever is receiving the message, we call it verbal

communication.

2. What were the means of communication in olden times?

Pigeons, beating of drums, signals through smoke were the means of communication used at olden

times .

3. Define personal communication.

When communication made between two people are called personal communication.

4. What is the full form of STD and ISD?

Subscriber Trunk Dialing and International Subscriber Dialing

5. What is man made satellites?

The satellites made by the man are called man made satellites.


1. What are the different types of communication? Explain.

There are two types of communications—personal communication and mass communication.

Personal communication

It refers to the communication between two people.

Mass Communication

Mass communication refers to the communication with a big group of people, or many people at one

time.

2. Explain the different ways in which people communicated in olden days.

Pigeons, beating of drums, signals through smoke were the means of communication used at that time.

3. What do you understand by personal communication? Explain any two modes of personal

communication.

When communication made between two people are called personal communication. Two means of

personal communication are: telephone and letters

4. Write a short note on mass communication.

Mass communication refers to the communication with a big group of people, or many people at one

time. Newspaper, radio or television, magazines etc., are different means of mass communication.

5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of means of communication?

Advantages of Communication

With the help of communication we can stay in touch with our near ones by sending mails

through computers or by mobile phones.

Television give us indications about any danger like tsunami or earthquake.

Internet connection in computers gives us national and internationalinformation.

Internet helps us to book our train or air tickets.

We can also pay our phone or electricity bills through computers.

Disadvantages of communication

Watching a television for a long time effects eye sight and also waste time.

Sitting for prolonged period of time can lead to joint pains and back and neck pains.

Sitting for such a long period of time can lead to obesity and obesity is the root cause of several

diseases.

The mobile phones have kept everybody so busy that they do not have time

HOTS

Ramesh has opened a new cloth shop. He wants to spread this news to everybody in his town so that

more people can visit his shop. Which means of communication do you think is apt for Rramesh to

connect with large number of people?

Mass communication like news paper, radio and TV


Look at the following means of communication and write three lines about them.

Telephone and news paper

Chapter 17 Fuels

I. Multiple choice question

1. The first fuel used by early man was

a) Wood b) Coal c) LPG d) CNG

2. Which of the following fuel brought industrial revolution?

a) Wood b) Coal c) LPG d) CNG

3. Which of the following fuel can take the shape of the container?

a) Solid Fuel b) Liquid Fuel c) Gas Fuel d) None

4. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?

a) Wind b) Sun c) Water d) all

5. Which of the following is used as transport fuel?

a) Petrol b) Diesel c) Both a and b d) None


Give two examples.

a) Solid fuels

Wood, coal

b) Liquid fuels

Petrol and diesel

c) Gaseous fuels

natural gas, CNG

d) Renewable sources of energy

solar, wind

State True or False.

1. The first fuel used by early man was coal.

F

2. Coal is used in the generation of hydroelectricity.

F

3. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are the examples of fossil fuels.

T

4. Solar energy is obtained from moon.

F

5. Renewable source of energy is available in plenty.

T


1. Name the fuel that is used as transport fuels.

Petrol

2. Which is cheaper fuel petrol or diesel?

Diesel

3. Which fuel is used in cooking?

LPG

4. What do you understand by Non- Renewable source of energy?

A non-renewable resource as the name suggest does not replenish itself in a short time. Fossil Fuels like

petroleum, coal, natural gas are nonrenewable resources.

5. What are synthetic fuels?

Fuel that is made from biomass and bituminous sands are called synthetic fuels.


1. What are the different types of fuels?

Fuels can be categorised into three types

Solid Fuels

Various types of solid materials that are used as fuels are called solid fuels. Wood, coal and charcoal are

examples of solid fuels.

Liquid fuels

Liquid fuels are used for generating energy. They can take the shape of the container. Petroleum, diesel,

kerosene, LPG are the different kinds of liquid fuels.

Gaseous Fuel

These fuels are gaseous under ordinary conditions. The most common type of fuel gas is natural gas.

2. Write a short note on liquid fuels.

Liquid fuels are used for generating energy. Petroleum is a liquid fuel that was formed millions of years

ago. It was formed from the dead remains of plants and animals that got buried under the sea. Under

the sea, the high pressure and temperature compressed them into petroleum.

3. How was petroleum formed? What are the different types of fuels obtained from petroleum?

Petroleum is the natural fuel from which different types of artificial fuels like petrol, diesel and kerosene

are prepared. When petroleum is removed from the ground, it is sent to the refineries. With the help of

heat and distillation process, they are transformed into petrol and diesel.

4. What is the difference between petrol and diesel?

Petrol is costlier than diesel. But petrol produce less smoke than diesel.

5. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy?

Renewable resources can be replenished with the passage of time. A non-renewable resource as the

name suggest does not replenish itself in a short time.

HOTS

Why do we consider petrol, diesel and kerosene as artificial fuel?

We can get all these fuel from the fossil fuels, Under distillation we can get all these fuels so they are

called artificial fuels.


Look at the following pictures and identify the type of fuel.

Solid Gas and liquid fuel

Chapter 18 OUR CONSTITUTION


1. .................................is the introduction to our constitution.

a) Preamble b) Fundamental Rights c) Fundamental Duties d) None

2. Which of the following words refer to equality in religion?

a) Democratic b) Secular c) Discrimination d) None

3. ……………………………………………. conducts election in India.

a) Rajya Sabha b) Lok Sabha c) Election Commission d) Parliament

4. The Indian Constitution includes

a) Equality b) Secularism c) Democracy d) All


1. Give one word.

a) A written document which defines the rights and duties of people of India

Constitution

b) Introduction to our constitution.

Preamble

c) Equality in our religion.

Secular

d) Certain guidelines that are made by the constitution for the government.

Directive principles

e) Age above which the citizen of India are eligible to vote.

18 years

2. State True or False.

a) Every citizen is equal and cannot be discriminated.

T

b) India is a non secular country.

F

c) Right to vote is one of our fundamental duties.

F

d) Fundamental duty includes respecting our constitution.

T

e. Voting gives us the power to select the right leader.

T


1. Define Constitution.

The Indian constitution is a written document which defines the rights and duties of the people of India.

2. What do you understand by Preamble?

The Preamble is the introduction to our constitution. It states that India is a sovereign, socialist , secular

and democratic country.

3. Write any one feature of Indian Constitution.

India is a secular country where every person is free to practice any religion.

4. What are directive principles of State Policy?

Directive principles are certain guidelines that are framed by the constitution for the government to

function in a better way.

5. Define Election Commission of India.

The election commission is a department that conducts election in India in an impartial manner.


1. Write a short note on the Constitution of India.

With the Independence of India on 15th August 1947 from the British rule, there was a need of certain

rules and principles. After independence, the main task for the leaders was to form a government. This

was done to decide who will run the country. Later, the leaders decided that India will be run by the

representatives and these representatives will be chosen by the citizens of India. Thus our country will

be called a democratic country.

2. Write a short note on the preamble of India.

The Preamble is the introduction to our constitution. It states that India is a sovereign, socialist , secular

and democratic country.

The word soverign means that india is a free country and does not come under any other country.

Socialist means that according to the constitution of India all people are equal . It states that there will

be no discrimination among people and equal opportunities will be given to every citizen of India.

Secular refers to equality in the religion. It states that all religions are equal and no religion will be given

importance over another religion. India is a democratic country. According to the constitution, every

person above the age of 18 years is eligible to vote. It is the government of the people, by the people

and for the people.

3. Summarize the points laid in our constitution.

It includes the following points.

Every citizen is equal and cannot be discriminated on the basis of caste, color, creed, sex or

religion.

India is a secular country where every person is free to practice any religion.

India is a democratic country which is not ruled by any king. It is governed by the

representatives chosen by the people of India.

Every citizen has the freedom to express themselves and to live in their country.

4. Explain our fundamental Rights.

Fundamental Rights are laid by the constitution of India. They help the citizens to live a better life. If any

citizen of India is deprived from the fundamental rights, he or she can go to the court.

Following are the fundamental rights.

Rights to follow any Religion

Right to equality

Right to expression and freedom of speech

Right to live anywhere in India

Right to follow any profession

Right to follow education and culture ofone's own choice

Right to travel in any part of the country

Right to vote

Right to equality of Justice

5. How do we choose our representatives in India? What is Election Comission of India?

The election commission is a department that conducts election in India in an impartial manner. This

commission fixes the important dates of election.

They take care of providing identity card (also called as voter ID) to the people who are above 18 years

of age. The voter takes his/her voter ID card (voter identity card) to the polling booth to vote. Voting is

done with the help of an electronic machine. This machine comprises of several buttons. Each button is

entitled for one representative. Votes are put in a secret ballot.

HOTS

What was the need of framing the Constitution after Independence?

After independence, the main task for the leaders was to form a government. This was done to decide

who will run the country. Later, the leaders decided that India will be run by the representatives and

these representatives will be chosen by the citizens of India. Thus our country will be called a

democratic country.

This led to the formation of a document. The document established the political values, the rights of

citizens and power of the government. This document is termed as the constitution. It is the supreme

law of the country. The Indian constitution is a written document which defines the rights and duties of

the people of India.


Look at the following pictures and write a few lines on them.

Democracy

Voting

Chapter 19 OUR GOVERNMENT


1. When did the constitution of India come into action?

a) 25 January 1947 b) 26 January 1950 c) 15 August 1947 d) 15 August 1950

2. Where is the central government of India located?

a) Chennai b) Mumbai c) New Delhi d) Kolkata

3. Which of the following is also called the lower house?

a) Rajya Sabha b) Lok Sabha c) Union Executive d) Judiciary

4. Who is the head of the Executive body?

a) Prime Minister b) President c) Chief Minister d) MLA

5. Which is the highest Judiciary body in the state?

a) Supreme Court b) High Court c) Court at District Level d) None


(a) Fill in the blanks.

1. India became independent on............................................. .

15 august 1947

2. The central government operates the whole.................................. .

countery

3. Rajya Sabha has .................................................seats

245

4. ..............................................chooses his minister and form his council.

Prime ministers

5. The state legislature is also called........................................... .

Legislative assemebly

(b) State True or False

1. The constitution of India states that our country is a union of cities.

F

2. The government is divided into three major groups.

T

3. Rajya Sabha is also called the lower house of the parliament.

F

4. The Prime Minister and his council are the integral part of the Union Executive.

T

5. The Judiciary is formed by the ministers of the Parliament.

F


1. What type of government do we have?

Democratic

2. What are the different houses in the union legislature?

Lower house and upper house

3. What is the extent of the maximum members in Lok Sabha?

552 Members

4. Which is the highest court in the state?

High court

5. What do we called the members of the legislative assemblies?

MLA’s


1. What are the different types of government found in India? Explain in brief emphasizing on the major

groups.

We have a federal type of government. This means that there is a central government in New Delhi and

a state government in every state.

2. Which body is also known as the law making body? What is the difference between Lok Sabha and

Rajya Sabha?

The Union Legislature is the law making body. It is known as the parliament. It has two houses the Lok

Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house of the parliament. The maximum members in

Lok Sabha can be upto 552. Rajya Sabha is also called the upper house of the parliament. It has about

245 seats.

3. Write a short note on Union Executive.

Union Executive is the body that runs the country. The Prime Minister and his council are the integral

part of the Union Executive. It is headed by the president. The members of the parilement and state

legislative assemblies elect the President of India.

4. What do you understand by Judiciary? What are the functions of the Judiciary body?

The judiciary is formed by the judges of all the courts. The highest judicial body in India is the Supreme

Court in New Delhi. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President of India. The

decision taken by the Chief Justice is considered as final.

5. Write a short note on State Government.

The state legislature is called the legislative assembly. Chief minister is considered as the head of the

executive body. The Chief Minister selects his council of ministers. The Governor is the highest body in

the state likewise the president of the country. Education and agricultural department come under the

state government.

HOTS

There are separate power for separate centres and states. Why?

We are the union of states. There are some topic in state list and some in center list.


Complete the given flow chart.

State government

Union legislature, judiciary, legislature, executive body

Lok sbah, rajaya sbaha

Chapter 20 WELL KNOWN INDIANS


1. Who is known as the father of Plastic Surgery?

a) Sushruta b) Ashoka c) Akbar d) Kalidas

2. Who was worked in the field of Astronomy?

a) Kalidas b) Kabirdas c) Aryabhatta d) Tulsidas

3. Who was the emperor of Mauryan Dynasty?

a) Krishna Dev Raya b) Ashoka c) Syed Ahmad Khan d) Akbar

4.Who wrote the famous title “Godan” ?

a) Prem Chand b) Rabindranath Tagore c) Ashoka d) Akbar


1. Give one word for the following.

a) Father of Plastic Surgery

Sushruta

b) Emperor of Mauryan Dynasty

Ashoka

c) Poet who wrote Gitanjali

Rabindranath Tagore

d) Upanyas Samrat

Prem Chand

e) Flying Sikh

Milkha Singh

2. Fill in the blanks.

a) Charka is the contributor of Science for__________ .

ayurveda

b) Aryasiddhanta is the famous book of.______________ .

astronomy

c) Mother Teresa was awarded Nobel Prize in___________ .

1979

d)___________ is also known as Samrat Upanyas.

Munsi Prem Chand

e)_________ has won 77 out of 80 races.

Milkha Singh


1. Who wrote Charaksamhita?

Maharishi Charka

2. Who is the author of Ramcharitramanas?

Tulsi das

3. Who wrote about reincarcination?

Mother teresa

4. Who was the chief architect of India's national programme?

Homi Jahangir Bhabha

5. Who was JRD Tata?

Industrialist


1. Write a brief note on Acharya Sushruta and his contribution in the medical field.

Acharya Sushruta is also known as the father of plastic surgery. He is recognised for providing details of

the surgical procedures Sushrut Samhita.

2. Write a short note on Aryabhatt.

Aryabhata was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian

mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya (and the Arya-siddhanta.

3. How can you say that Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a great reformer of society and religion?

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the reformer of the society and religion. He is also known as the maker of

Modern India. He studied Vedas and Upanishadas thoroughly. He was the founder of Brahma Samaj. He

is against the religion practices like child marriage, caste and the sati system. He also fought for the

rights of the women like widow remarriage and right of women to hold property. He was also the firm

supporter of education.

4. Write a few lines on the emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty along with his contribution in the field of

architecture.

Ashoka was the emperor of the Mauryan dynasty. He was one of the greatest emperors of India. After

witnessing the mass death in Kalinga war, he moved towards the way of Buddhism. After converting to

Buddhism, he spread the teaching of Buddha, non-violence and tolerance. He build Stupas and viharas

to spread the message of Lord Buddha. Have you heard about Sanchi Stupa?

5. Write a few lines on the Flying Sikh of India.

Milkha Singh was born in 1935. He is also known as the flying Sikh. He has won several races for our

countru including 200 to 400 mtrs. He has won 77 of the 80 races in which he participated. He won the

Gold Medal in the Asian Games as well as the commonwealth Games.

HOTS

Why do we call Milkha Singh the Flying Sikh of India?

Milka Singh was persuaded by Jawaharlal Nehru to set aside his memories of the Partition era to race

successfully in 1960 against Abdul Khaliq in Pakistan, where a post-race comment by the then General

Ayub Khan led to him acquiring the nickname of The Flying Sikh.


Look at the following pictures and write few lines about them.

M S subbha lakshmi, M K Gandhi

Chapter 21 HISTORICAL MONUMENTS

I. Multiple Choice Questions :

1. Monuments have been built ...............years ago.

a) Hundred b) Thousand c) Ten Thousand d) Million

2. Which of the following cities is built around several famous monuments?

a) New Delhi b)Meerut c) Hyderabad d) Calcutta

3. Qutub Minar is ...............meters long minar.

a) 72 b) 73 c)74 d) 75

4.Which of the following monuments is also called the palace of breeze?

a) Red Fort b) Qutub Minar c) Taj Mahal d)Hawa Mahal

5.Delhi Gate and Lahori Gate are the two main gates of

a) Red Fort b) Char Minar c) Taj Mahal d) Sun Temple


a) Fil in the blanks.

1. Thousand Pillars Temple was built by Pratapa Rudra of Kakatiya Dynasty.

2. Konark Sun temple is located In konark in orissa.

3. Jantar mantar was constructed by Maharja Jai Singh of Jaipur.

4. Charminar is located in Hyderabad.

5.We should protect our Monuments.


1. Who began the construction of Qutub Minar?

Qutub u din aibuk

2. What type of stone is used to built the Hawa Mahal ?

Red and pink sand stone

3. Where is Taj Mahal situated?

Agra

4. Name the two main gates of Red fort?

Delhi Gate and Lahori Gate

5. What do you understand by Stupas?

They are oldest monument of Buddhist religion.


1. Write short notes or the significance of monuments.

Monuments have been created thousands of years ago. They are the sources of information of our

ancient civilization.

2. Write a short note on Qutub Minar.

Qutub Minar is the 73 meters long minar. It is located in Delhi. It is made of red. Qutub-u-din Aibuk

begun the construction of Qutub Minar and it was completed by Iltutmish.

3. Where is Red fort situated? Elaborate the main features of Red fort?

Red fort is situated in Delhi near the bank of river Yamuna. The mammoth- sized fort took nearly a

decade to complete. Red fort was constructed with the red sandstone. It has a hall called Deewan-e-

Aam which was built for general public where they could interact with the emperor. Other important

places , Khas Maha l (Empe ror ' s apartment), Rang Mahal (Place of Colours built for the wives of

emperor) are its main features. It has two main gates namely Delhi Gate and Lahore Gate.

4. What is the difference in between Ajanta and Ellora Caves?

Ajanta caves are the greatest historical monument located in Maharashtra. There are about 30 caves.

The caves have paintings carved on the walls, ceilings and pillars.

There are about 34 monasteries and temples in Ellora cave. Kailash Nath temple consists of a lot of

paintings and wall carvings depicting wedding scenes of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati.

5. Write a short note on Charminar.

Charminar is located in Hyderabad. It is situated at the East Bank of the Musi River. It was constructed

by Quli Qutab Shah. It is made of granite, limestone and mortal.

HOTS

What is the need to preserve and protect the monuments?

Monuments also convey the historical and political information of the past. They give us important

information about the important events or figures from the past. They also give us innovative and

creative ideas of architecture and paintings. So we should preserve and protect the monuments.


Look at the following stones and identify the name of the monument used to build it.

Taj mahal

Red fort

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