chapter 1 - introduction to electrical power systems

8/18/2019 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Electrical Power Systems

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ENERGY-MANAGEMENT PRODUCTIONS-MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE-MANAGEMENT

Information Technology Products and Systems

Copyright (c) by PSI INCONTROL Sdn. Bhd.

SlideCRP Training – Rejith Varghese

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Electrical Systems


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Slide 2


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Electricity Key Diagram

How Electricity is Used


Slide

There are 3 main stages in the delivery of electric power:

Power Generation

Power Transmission

Power Distribution

3Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems


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Generation, Transmission and Distribution Systems

Electric Infrastructure comprises of

Power generation plants are facilities designed to produce electrical energy. Power generation plants are

fueled by coal, natural gas, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass.

Transmission systems carry electrical energy from generating power plants to electrical substations.

Transmission lines are operated at relatively high voltages, they transmit large quantities of power, and they

transmit power over large distances.

Distribution systems carry electrical energy from transmission system to individual consumers.


Slide 4Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems


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Transmission/Distribution System Voltages are

Power Transmission – 500kV, 275kV, 132kV

Power Distribution – 33kV, 22kV (comparatively less), 11kV, 6.6kV (comparatively less), 400V

Malaysia TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) Systems

Middle East Electricity Systems (DEWA, OETC, BEWC, SEC)

–


Slide

Power Grid of India (PGCIL) Transmission & State Electricity Distribution Systems

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Power Transmission – 765kV, 400kV, 220kV, 132kV (also called sub-transmission)

Power Distribution – 66kV, 33kV, 11kV, 415V

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Power Distribution – 33kV, 22kV, 13.8/11kV, 400V

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems


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Coal-fired Power Plant




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Nuclear Power Plant




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Hydroelectric Power Plant




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Natural Gas Powered Plant




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Geothermal Power Plant




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Solar Power Plant




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Wind Farm




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Biomass Power Plant




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Substations are mainly classified into two:

Substations are Classified into

AIS and GIS

Substation

A substation is a high-voltage electric system facility which is used to

switch generators, equipment, and circuits or lines in and out of a system.

Air Insulated Substations (AIS)

Gas Insulated Substations (GIS)

Copyright (c) by PSI INCONTROL Sdn. Bhd.Slide 14Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems


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Air Insulated Substation

Air Insulated Substations have

the busbar and equipment

terminations generally open to

air and utilises insulation

properties of air for insulation

to ground. In AIS, we use airbetween phase to ground and

Copyright (c) by PSI INCONTROL Sdn. Bhd.Slide 15

.

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems


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Gas Insulated Substation

Gas insulated substations have all live equipment and busbars housed in grounded metal which is sealed and placed

inside a chamber filled with gas. The gas used is SF6 which has superior dielectric properties.



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Distribution Substation

Power Distribution



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How Electricity reaches your home



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HVDC

In a HVDC system, the electrons flow only in one direction.

DC is more efficient when transmitting large amounts of

power over long distances.

But AC is still the standard for main electric power.

High Voltage Direct Current System (HVDC)



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PSI Drawing References for TNB

TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) Standards


PSI Standard Drawing Number


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chapter 1 - introduction to electrical power systems

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