WLHS/A&P/Oppelt

Name ______________________

Chapter 1 Reading Guide: The Human Body – An Orientation (pages 1-22)

An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

1. Define Anatomy: ___________________________________________________________________

2. Define Physiology: _________________________________________________________________

3. How are anatomy and physiology related?

Levels of Structural Organization

4. What are the 6 levels of structural organization?

__________________ __________________ __________________

__________________ __________________ __________________

5. Fill-in the table below with the various organ systems and their functions.

Organ System Function(s) Integumentary

Moves entire body in order to walk, stand, leap, grasp, etc…

Lymphatic

Removes wastes from blood and flushes out of body, maintains body’s water and salt balance, regulates acid-base balance

Maintaining Life

6. What are the 8 levels of structural organization?

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

WLHS/A&P/Oppelt

7. Compare digestion and metabolism.

8. How does the change in atmospheric pressure affect the body’s ability to maintain balance?

Homeostasis

9. Identify the 3 components that control homeostasis.

__________________ __________________ __________________

10. Define the following terms:

a. stimuli _________________________________________________________________________

b. afferent: ________________________________________________________________________

c. efferent: ________________________________________________________________________

11. What are negative feedback mechanisms? Give an example.

12. What are positive feedback mechanisms? Give an example.

13. True or False. (Circle one). Positive feedback mechanisms are more common than negative feedback

mechanisms.

The Language of Anatomy

14. Using the terms in Table 1.1 (page 15), fill in the correct directional terms in the spaces below.

a. The wrist is _____________________ to the hand.

b. The breastbone is ____________________ to the spine.

c. The brain is _______________________ to the spinal cord

d. The thumb is ______________________to the fingers.

15. When examining the internal structures of a body, the body is cut into sections along a specific plane.

Describe how the body is cut in the following sections.

a. sagittal: ____________________________________________________________________

b. frontal: _____________________________________________________________________

c. transverse: __________________________________________________________________

16. a. Which section (from question 15) could be used to separate both eyes? _______________________

b. Which section could be used to separate upper body and lower body? _______________________

WLHS/A&P/Oppelt

17. Using the picture to the right, identify the 9

regions delineated by the 4 planes.

A.____________________________

B. ____________________________

C. ___________________________

D. ___________________________

E. ___________________________

F. ___________________________

G. ___________________________

H. ___________________________

I. ___________________________

18. Identify the body cavities in the figure to the right.

19. There are 4 other cavities described on pages 21

cavities and give an example of a body structure found in that cavity.

a. Oral/digestive cavities

b. Nasal cavity

c. Orbital cavities

d. Middle ear cavities

the picture to the right, identify the 9

A.____________________________

B. ____________________________

C. ___________________________

___________________________

E. ___________________________

F. ___________________________

___________________________

H. ___________________________

___________________________

18. Identify the body cavities in the figure to the right.

19. There are 4 other cavities described on pages 21-22. In the space below, describe the 4 additional

cavities and give an example of a body structure found in that cavity.

A B

D E

G H

22. In the space below, describe the 4 additional

C

F

I