Chapter 1Chapter 1Really briefly!Really briefly!

What is Chemistry?What is Chemistry?

A) The next thing you have to take to get an A) The next thing you have to take to get an advanced diploma.advanced diploma.

B) A means of torturing children that should B) A means of torturing children that should probably be outlawed.probably be outlawed.

C) A science that allows you to explain why C) A science that allows you to explain why things behave the way they do, and predict things behave the way they do, and predict how they will behave in new situations you how they will behave in new situations you haven’t studied yethaven’t studied yet

Textbook HintsTextbook Hints

Do NOT ignore the SAMPLE problems and Do NOT ignore the SAMPLE problems and PRACTICE problems in the book. PRACTICE problems in the book.

These are golden!These are golden!

Read and OUTLINE the main chapters!Read and OUTLINE the main chapters!

Read the chapter MORE THAN ONCE if you Read the chapter MORE THAN ONCE if you don’t understand and to study!!don’t understand and to study!!

What in the world ISN’T What in the world ISN’T Chemistry?Chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of the composition of Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter (the stuff things are made of) and the matter (the stuff things are made of) and the changes matter undergoes (during chemical changes matter undergoes (during chemical reactions).reactions).

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (ie, has volume).space (ie, has volume).

Pure ChemistryPure Chemistryhttp://www.fotosearch.com/CRT207/008348il/http://www.fotosearch.com/CRT207/008348il/

Pure chemistry is chemistry done Pure chemistry is chemistry done just for the sake of doing just for the sake of doing chemistry.chemistry. New discoveriesNew discoveries Expanding knowledgeExpanding knowledge Creating new compoundsCreating new compounds Most scientists work at Most scientists work at

universities, like UVAuniversities, like UVA May not have any practical May not have any practical

benefit at allbenefit at all

Applied ChemistryApplied Chemistryhttp://www.rockstar69.com/product.php?pdt=4http://www.rockstar69.com/product.php?pdt=4

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Applied chemistry is done for a Applied chemistry is done for a specific purpose, and usually to specific purpose, and usually to make money.make money. Formulating a new cancer drugFormulating a new cancer drug Creating a new “energy drink”Creating a new “energy drink” Scientists work for a companyScientists work for a company Must have practical benefits Must have practical benefits

and potentially be worth a lot of and potentially be worth a lot of moneymoney

Different Types of Different Types of ChemistryChemistry

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There are 5 main branches of There are 5 main branches of ChemistyChemisty

OrganicOrganicInorganicInorganicBiochemistryBiochemistryAnalytical Analytical Physical Physical

5 Branches5 Branches

Organic - just CARBON compoundsOrganic - just CARBON compounds

Inorganic – everything else but carbonInorganic – everything else but carbon

Biochemistry – chemistry of living thingsBiochemistry – chemistry of living things

Analytical – the kind of chemistry they do on Analytical – the kind of chemistry they do on CSICSI

Physical – hardest class I ever took in my Physical – hardest class I ever took in my LIFE; need Calculus to do this Chemistry!LIFE; need Calculus to do this Chemistry!

Scientific MethodScientific Method

What are the steps?What are the steps?ObservationObservationHypothesisHypothesisExperimentExperiment

Observation help us form Observation help us form questions or problems to questions or problems to investigate. You may investigate. You may have to do some have to do some “research” in the library “research” in the library during this step.during this step.

What is this scientist doing?

Definition of HypothesisDefinition of Hypothesis

In middle school, it was just “an educated In middle school, it was just “an educated guess.”guess.”

A hypothesis is that, BUT it must also be A hypothesis is that, BUT it must also be testable, so you can design an experiment to testable, so you can design an experiment to test it.test it.

Try not to think of an incorrect hypothesis as Try not to think of an incorrect hypothesis as a “failure.” It just means the experiment did a “failure.” It just means the experiment did something different than what you thought it something different than what you thought it was going to do.was going to do.

ExperimentsExperimentshttp://cdn-viper.demandvideo.com/media/888B4CE0-92EA-4B3F-9CF5-DF558576FA51/jpeg/http://cdn-viper.demandvideo.com/media/888B4CE0-92EA-4B3F-9CF5-DF558576FA51/jpeg/

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Experiments test Experiments test the hypothesisthe hypothesis

Experiments Experiments (and your (and your results) must be results) must be reproducible.reproducible. No matter who No matter who

does them.does them. No matter how No matter how

many times.many times.Teacher testing pH of various household substances. What does pH tell you? Anyone know?

ExperimentsExperiments

Experiments test an independent variable Experiments test an independent variable against a dependent variable.against a dependent variable.

You should have only one of eachYou should have only one of each

All other variables should be controlled.All other variables should be controlled.

There must be a relationship between the There must be a relationship between the independent and dependent variable. independent and dependent variable. Otherwise, your experiment isn’t well Otherwise, your experiment isn’t well designed.designed.

Analysis of Data & Analysis of Data & ConclusionsConclusions

Aren’t these steps in the Aren’t these steps in the scientific method?scientific method?

Yes, they are. But they Yes, they are. But they are part of the experiment.are part of the experiment.

If you don’t analyze the If you don’t analyze the data and draw conclusions, data and draw conclusions, how do you know what the how do you know what the experiment is telling you?experiment is telling you?

Scientific TheoryScientific Theoryhttp://phyun5.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/img1.gifhttp://phyun5.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/img1.gif

A theory is a A theory is a explanation of why explanation of why experiments give experiments give certain results.certain results.

Theories can Theories can never be proven. never be proven.

Theories can Theories can always be proved always be proved wrong if new data wrong if new data is found!is found!

Scientific LawsScientific Lawshttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://soe.ucdavis.edu/ms0708/180Sec2/NguyenST/web/calvin-on-scientific-http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://soe.ucdavis.edu/ms0708/180Sec2/NguyenST/web/calvin-on-scientific-

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A scientific law describes something but A scientific law describes something but doesn’t explain it.doesn’t explain it. Law of GravityLaw of Gravity Law of Conservation of MassLaw of Conservation of Mass Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law

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