CHAPTER 1 : THE SCIENCE OF LIFE

Honors Biology

1.1 The World Of BiologyBiology: the organized and scientific study of life

Organism: an independent individual that possesses all characteristics of life

Characteristics of LifeA. Cell: smallest unit that can perform all life’s

processes

An organism consisting of only one cell is unicellular.

An organism consisting of more than one cell is referred to as multicellular.

1.1 The World Of Biology

B.

Tissue: collection ofspecialized cells that perform aspecific function

C.

Organ: collection of Tissues that carry out a specific function in the body

At the Bell AssignmentComplete in Notes

1. The smallest unit that can carry on all the functions of life are calledA. organelles B. molecules C. cellsD. tissue

2. Living thingsA. need energy B. reproduce C. are made of cells D. all of these

3. Biology is the study of A. weather B. life C. cells D. energy

4. The sum of all chemical reactions that take in an transform energy is A. metabolism B. photosynthesisC. reproductionD. homeostasis

5. Tissues are groups of molecules that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function.

TRUE or FALSE

1.1 The World Of Biology

2. Response to Stimuli - Living organisms respond to

stimuli (physical or chemical changes)

- Ex: pupil dilation in eyes, knee jerk reflex

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3. Homeostasis

All living things must maintain stable internal conditions.

homeostasis: maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions in a constantly changing environment

Ex: body temperature, water content in cells

1.1 The World Of Biology

At the Bell AssignmentComplete in Notes1. All living things maintain a balance within their environment through the process of

A. development B. growth C. evolution D. homeostasis

2. When you use a microscope to examine a specimen more clearly, you are increasing

A. magnification B. resolution C. complexity D. shape

3. The chemical process that utilizes or creates energy is calledA. homeostasis B. metabolism C. photosynthesis D. development

4. The smallest building block capable of life processes is the A. cell B. tissue C. molecule D. gene

**5. Many multicellular organisms possess organ systems. These organ systems benefit multicellular organisms in much the same way that organelles benefit eukaryotic cells. Based on this, which statement best describes the function of organ systems?**

A. to coordinate the function of organs in an organismB. to provide secondary functions in case an organ failsC. to perform specialized tasks for an organismD. to control what enters and leaves the organs of organism

1.1 The World Of Biology4. Metabolism

All living things require energy to carry out life functions

metabolism: sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy from the environment

Thought question:Where does the energy we use

originate?

1.1 The World Of Biology5. Growth and Development

All living things grow and increase in size through division and enlargement of cells.

cell division: formation of two new cells from en existing cell

Specialized cells develop to carry out specific functions

Ex. red blood cells carry oxygen

1.1 The World Of Biology6. Reproduction

a. DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; contains all biological instructions required for life (the library)

b. gene: a short segment of DNA that contains instructions for a specific trait (a book in the library)

1.1 The World Of Biology6. Reproduction

C. sexual reproduction: gametes from two parents unite

D. asexual reproduction: does not involve the union of gametes, produces genetically identical offspring

1.1 The World Of Biology7. Change Through Time

Organisms experience changes during their lifetime but basic genetic characteristics remain the same.

Change over millions of years on a population scale = evolution

1.2 Themes in Biology

Domain, pg. 10 Fig. 1-5:

1. Bacteria

2. Archaea

bacteria and archaea much less complex than eukarya

3. Eukarya

At the Bell AssignmentComplete in Notes

1. When you use a microscope to examine a specimen more clearly, you are increasingA. magnification B. resolution C. complexity D. shape

2. The process by which individuals better suited for the environment survive and successfully reproduce is A. evolution B. natural selection C. artificial selection D. shaping

3. Communities of living species and their physical environmentsA. habitat B. ecosystem C. community D. ecology

4. Plants and animals are classified in the domainA. protists B. eukarya C. archaea D. bacteria

5. The three domains of life are eukarya, archaea, and animalia. TRUE or FALSE

1.2 Themes in Biology

Domains:

Eukarya

1. animals2. fungi3. plants4. protists

Archaea

1. archaea

Bacteria

1. bacteria

Every organism across domains share one major thing in common: the genetic code

- all life is governed by DNA

Interdependence of Organisms

The living world brings all organisms together in an interactive relationship.

ecology: branch of Biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and the environment- good chance you’ve used air or water that was once in the body of a dinosaur

ecosystem: communities of living things and their physical environments

Evolution of Life

Evolution takes place over incredibly long periods of time (thousands or millions of years)- humans did not always exist in the way they do now

evolution: process by which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations

- descent with modification (What does this mean?)

natural selection: certain favorable traits are better suited for an environment which allows certain organisms the chance to reproduce and pass on their genes

- Adaptations are traits that favor survival in a particular environment.

1.4: Tools and Techniques

Scientists use many kinds of tools to study the world around them.

compound light microscope: we use these in lab; shines light through a specimen which is then magnifiedscanning electron microscope (SEM): we don’t use these in lab; passes a beam of electrons over the specimen and provides a detailed 3D imagetransmission electron microscope (TEM): passes a beam of electrons through a specimen which are captured by magnetic lenses

https://www.udel.edu/biology/ketcham/microscope/scope.html

grains of pollen viewed with scanning electron microscope

Units of Measurement

metric system used (SI system is official name) in science

Most common base units meters (m), liters (L), grams (g)

metric mania ppt