chapter 10 © 2004 pearson education, inc. crimes against persons © 2004 pearson education, inc
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 10
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Crimes Against Persons
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Crime TypologyCategorizes offenses against persons using a particular dimension…
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• Legal categories
• Offender motivation
• Victim behavior
Crime Typology Dimensions
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• Situational aspects of the criminal event
• Offender characteristics
Crime Typology Dimensions
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Violent Crime Typology
HomicideHomicide
Different forms, based on state and federal statutes
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Violent Crime Typology
• Small fraction of crimes reported to the police
Violent Crime Typology
HomicideHomicide
• 13% involve strangers© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Most frequent circumstance that precedes
a homicide is an argument
Violent Crime Typology
HomicideHomicide
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Victim-Offender Relationship
• Primary homicides
• Non-primary homicides
HomicideHomicide
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Exposure-reduction theory of intimate-partner homicide
Victim-Offender Relationship
HomicideHomicide
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As resources supporting the end to a violent relationship increase,…
Victim-Offender Relationship
HomicideHomicide
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…rates of intimate-partner homicide decrease
Victim-Offender Relationship
HomicideHomicide
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Homicide
• Instrumental and expressive homicide
• Victim precipitation
• Weapon use
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• Alcohol and Drug Use
• Gangs
Homicide
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Involves the killing of several victims in three or more separate events
Serial MurderSerial Murder
Homicide
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The killing of more than three individuals at one time
Homicide
Mass MurderMass Murder
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Violent Crime Typology
RapeRape
• Most rapes are not reported to the police
• Problems with accurate reporting of data© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Women bring rapecharges againstoffenders to “get even”with men
Violent Crime Typology
Rape Myth:Rape Myth:
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Woman inviterape bywearingprovocativeclothing
Violent Crime Typology
Rape Myth:Rape Myth:
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Violent Crime Typology
• Women are “asking for it” by going to bars alone
• Women say “no” when they really mean “yes”
Violent Crime Typology
Rape Myths:Rape Myths:
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Violent Crime Typology
Social Context of RapeSocial Context of Rape
• Acquaintance rape
• Rape on college campuses
Violent Crime Typology
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Violent Crime Typology
• Marital Rape
• Rape in Prison
Violent Crime Typology
Social Context of RapeSocial Context of Rape
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Theoretical Perspectives of Rape
• Feminist perspective
• Psychopathological perspective
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• Integrated theory of rape
• Evolutionary/biological perspective
Theoretical Perspectives of Rape
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Typologies of Rapists
• Power
• Anger
• Sadism
Revolves around:Revolves around:
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• Power-assertive
• Power-reassurance
• Anger-retaliatory
• Anger-excitation
Typologies of Rapists
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Violent Crime Typology
RobberyRobbery
Involves theuse of force
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Violent Crime Typology
RobberyRobbery
Purpose is totake the propertyof another
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Violent Crime Typology
RobberyRobbery
• Personal
• Institutional© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Robbery
Robbery and Public Transportation
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Robbery
• Drug robberies
• Gendered nature of robbery
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Violent Crime Typology
AssaultAssault
• “Prototype of violent crime”
• Most common violent crime
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Violent Crime Typology
AssaultAssault
• Stranger assault
• Assault within families
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Violent Crime Typology
StalkingStalking
A pattern of behaviorthat causes victims tofear for their personalsafety
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Violent Crime Typology
StalkingStalking
• Victim-offender relationships
• Intimate-partner relationships
• Consequences of stalking
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Violent Crime Typology
StalkingStalking
Cyberstalking
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Violent Crime Typology
TerrorismTerrorism
Premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets…
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Violent Crime Typology
TerrorismTerrorism
…by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience
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Terrorism Typology
NationalistNationalist
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State-sponsoredState-sponsored
Religious
Religious
Left-wingLeft-wing
AnarchistAnarchist
Right-wingRight-wing
Violent Crime Typology
TerrorismTerrorism
• International
• Domestic© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Terrorism DomesticDomestic
The unlawful use of force or violence by a group or an individual who is based and operates entirely in the United States and its territories…
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Terrorism DomesticDomestic
…without foreign direction and whose acts are directed at elements of the U.S. government or population
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Terrorism InternationalInternational
The unlawful use of force or violence by a group or an individual who has a connection to a foreign power or whose activities transcend national boundaries,…
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Terrorism InternationalInternational
…against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives
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Cyberterrorism
A form of terrorism that makes use of high technology—especially computers, the Internet, and the World Wide Web—in the planning and carrying out of terrorist attacks
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• Gilmore Commission
• Hart-Rudman Commission
• Bremmer Commission
Terrorism
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Commissions and ReportsCommissions and Reports
• Must be foreign
• Must engage in terrorist activity
• Must threaten U.S. nationals or national security
Foreign Terrorist Organization
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