MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYChapter 12: Eye Chapter 13: Ear

Chapter 12 Abbreviations

ad lib ADL amb BR BRP W/C, WC F/U, FU PDR

as desired activities of daily living ambulate (or ambulatory) bed rest bathroom priveleges wheel chair follow-up Physician Desk Reference

Chapter 12 Abbreviations

IOL IOP ASA AMA CDC

intraocular lens intraocular pressure aspirin American Medical Association Centers for Disease Control

The Eye

Function The eyes are organs of vision and are

located in a bony protective cavity of the skull called the orbit

Structures of the Eye Sclera

outer protective layer of the eye; the portion seen on the anterior portion of the eyeball is referred to as the white of the eye

The Eye

Cornea transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is

anterior to the aqueous humor and lies over the iris. It allows the light rays to enter the eye

Choroid middle layer of the eye, which is interlaced

with many blood vessels that supply nutrients to the eye

Iris the pigmented muscular structure that

regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil

The Eye

Pupil opening in the center of the iris

Lens lies directly behind the pupil; its function is to

focus and bend light Retina

innermost layer of the eye, which cntains the vision receptors

Aqueous humor watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of

the eye. It provides nourishment to nearby structures and maintains shape in the anterior part of the eyes

The Eye

Vitreous humor jellylike substance found behind the lens in the

posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

Meibomian glands oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of

the eyelids that help lubricate the eye Lacrimal glands and ducts

produce and drain tears Optic nerve

carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain Conjunctiva

mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera

The Eye

The Eye

Word Parts for the eye

Combining Form Definition

blephar/o conjunctiv/o cor/o, core/o, pupill/o corne/o, kerat/o dacry/o, lacrim/o ir/o, irid/o ocul/o, ophthalm/o opt/o retin/o scler/o

eyelid conjunctiva pupil cornea tear, tear duct iris eye vision retina sclera

Word Parts commonly used with the eyeCombining Form Definition

cry/o dipl/o phot/o ton/o

cold two, double light tension, pressure

Word Parts for the eye

Prefix Definition

bi-, bin- two

Suffix Definition

-opia -phobia -plegia

vision (condition) abnormal fear of or aversion to specific

things paralysis

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease and Disorders]Term Definition

blepharitis blepharoptosis conjunctivitis dacryocystitis diplopia iridoplegia iritis keratitis keratomalacia

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease and Disorders]Term Definition

oculomycosis ophthalmalgia ophthalmoplegi

a photophobia retinoblastoma retinopathy sclerokeratitis scleromalacia xerophthalmia

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease and Disorders]Term Definition

astigmatism

cataract detached

retina

glaucoma

hyperopia

defective curvature of the refractive surfaces (cornea or lens) of the eye

clouding of the lens of the eye separation of the retina from the

choroid in back of the eye eye disorder characterized by optic

nerve damage usually caused by the abnormal increase of intraocular pressure (IOP)

farsightedness

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease and Disorders]Term Definition

myopia nyctalopia

presbyopia strabismus

sty

nearsightedness poor vision at night or in faint

light (night blindness) impaired vision as a result of

aging abnormal condition of squint or

crossed eyes caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same point

infection of an oil gland of the eyelid (stye or hordeolum)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition

blepharoplasty cryoretinopexy dacryocystorhinost

omy dacryocystotomy iridectomy iridotomy keratoplasty sclerotomy

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition

enucleation surgical removal of the eyeball (also, the removal of any organ that comes out clean and whole)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic]Term Definition

OPHTHALMIC EVALUATION keratometer ophthalmoscope ophthalmoscopy optometry pupillometer pupilloscope retinoscopy tonometer tonometry

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complementary]Term Definition

binocular corneal intraocular lacrimal nasolacrimal ophthalmic ophthalmologist ophthalmology ophthalmopathy

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complementary]Term Definition

optic pupillary retinal

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complementary]Term Definition

intraocular lens (IOL)

miotic mydriatic optician

optometrist

visual accuity

artificial lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery

agent that constricts the pupil agent that dilates the pupil a specialist who fills prescriptions

for lenses (cannot prescribe lenses) a health professional who prescribes

corrective lenses and/or eye exercises

sharpness of vision for either distance or near

Chapter 13 Abbreviations

ENT TM gtt(s) Kg L lb, # mEq ml, mL OTC oz

ear, nose, throat (otorhinolaryngologist) tympanic membrane (ear drum) drop(s) kilogram liter pound milliequivalent millileter over the counter (no prescription

required) ounce

Chapter 13 Abbreviations

DTaP

HepA HepB Hib IPV MMR Tdap

VAR

diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (vaccine given to children younger than 7 year)

hepatitis A vaccine hepatitis B vaccine Haemophilus influenza b vaccine polio vaccine (inactivated polio

vaccine) measles, mumps, rubella (vaccine) tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis

(vaccine given over 7 year) varicella (chicken pox vaccine)

The Ear

The Function The two functions of the ear are to hear

and to provide the sense of balance Sound waves vibrate through the ear

where they are transformed into nerve impulses

The Structure The ear is made up of three parts: the

external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear (or labyrinth)

The Ear

External Ear Auricle (pinna) – external structure located on both

sides of the head. Directs sound waves into external auditory canal

External auditory canal (meatus) – short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane. The inner part lies within the temporal bone of the skull and contains the glands that secrete earwax (cerumen)

Middle Ear Tympanic membrane – semitransparent membrane

that separates the external auditory canal and the middle ear cavity. Transmits sound vibrations to ossicles

The Ear

Eustachian tube – connects the middle ear and the pharynx. Equalizes air pressure on both sides of eardrum

Ossicles – bones of the middle ear that carry vibrations. Composed of the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). Stapes connects to the oval window, which transmits the sound vibrations to the cochlea of the inner ear

Labyrinth (inner ear) bony spaces within the temporal bone of

the skull.

The Ear

Cochlea – snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing. Connects to the oval window in middle ear

Semicircular canals and Vestibule – contains receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain its sense of balance (equilibrium)

Mastoid bone and cells located in the skull bone behind the

external auditory canal

TheEar

The Ear

Word Parts for the Ear

Combining FormDefinition

audi/o aur/i, aur/o, ot/o cochle/o labyrinth/o mastoid/o myring/o staped/o tympan/o vestibul/o

hearing ear cochlea labyrinth (inner ear) mastoid bone tympanic membrane (eardrum) stapes (middle ear bone) tympanic membrane (eardrum), middle

ear vestibule

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diseases & Disorders]Term Definition

labyrinthitis mastoiditis myringitis otalgia otomastoiditis otomycosis otopyorrhea otorrhea otosclerosis

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diseases & Disorders]Term Definition

ceruminoma otitis

externa otitis media

presbycusis tinnitus vertigo

tumor of a gland that secretes earwax

inflammation of the outer ear inflammation of the middle ear

(tympanitis) hearing impairment in old age ringing in the ears a sense that either one’s own body

(subjective vertigo) or the environment (objective vertigo) is revolving; may indicate inner ear disease

Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition

cochlear implant

labyrinthectomy

mastoidectomy

mastoidotomy myringoplasty myringotomy stapedectomy tympanoplast

y

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition

audiogram audiometer audiometry electrocochleography otoscope otoscopy tympanometer tympanometry

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complementary Terms]Term Definition

audiologist audiology aural cochlear otologist otology otorhinolaryngologis

t vestibular vestibulocochlear