chapter 12.1 big idea: italian intellectuals enter new age of achievement
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 12.1
Big Idea: Italian Intellectuals enter new age of achievement
Renaissance (1300’s -1400’s) • Renaissance=Rebirth /renewal
• 3 Characteristics– Italy -urban society=secular (worldly) views.– Recovery from disasters of middle ages.
(plague, political instability, & decline of church power)
– Individualism (ability & universal person).
I am the Renaissance!
The Italian States
• Started –Italy – not united –independent
city-states -wealthy families control
– Urban (Cities)-trade -ideas spread fast • Milan -richest city-states. • Venice –trade link
between Asia & western Europe
• Florence -Controlled by Medici family & art patrons (support artist)
Italian Wars• Rest of Europe wants Italy’s Riches.• Foreign domination
– 1494 France & Spain fight over Italy - 30yrs. • Spanish hired to protect Italian states-no pay
– Spain sacked Rome =Spanish dominated Italy.
Machiavelli on Power
• Niccolo Machiavelli, wrote “The Prince”– How to acquire & keep
political power – human nature is self-
centered. – Leaders should not focus
on morals to rule
Renaissance Society-p.402
• 1st estate-Clergy• 2nd estate -Nobility
• “The Book of the Courtier,” by Castiglione • nobles were….
• Born, not made • Warriors & educated.
• 3rd estate• Peasants- worked manors
• legally free (serfs)• Towns people
• patricians-wealthy (trade, industry, & banking)• burghers-shopkeepers, artisans, guild
masters/members.• workers & unemployed
Family and Marriage
• Family bond=security. • Arranged marriages with dowry• Father/husband -dominant,
– Children -adults when their father freed them.
Johannes Gutenberg
• Invented movable type • Gutenberg Bible. • rise of literacy -spreading of ideas• More books=Cheap books
Section 1 Review• Renaissance means what?• Rebirth• What are the most important characteristics
of the Renaissance?• Urban society• An age of recovery from plagues, political
upheaval, and decline of Church authority.• A higher regard for the value of the individual
human.
Section 1 Review• The Book of the Courtier was written by
who?• Castiglione• Means worldly?• Secular• This book said a noble should fulfill certain
ideas, perform military exercises, and gain a classical education.
• The Book of the Courtier
Section 1 Review• Sum of money given to the groom by the
wife’s family.• Dowry• Political work by Machiavelli• The Prince• He encouraged rulers and would-be rulers to
believe that human nature was self-centered.• Machiavelli
Section 1 Review• The city-state that was led by a group of
wealthy merchant-aristocrats was what?• Venice• Turning point that caused Charles VIII of
France to lose the Italian wars.• The invasion and sack of Rome in 1537• How did the printing press contribute to the
Renaissance?• It brought renewed interest in learning and
culture, spread ideas faster and more widely then ever before.