chapter 13: methods of therapy
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy. Learning Outcomes. Define psychotherapy and describe the history of treatment of psychological disorders Describe traditional psychoanalysis and short-term psychodynamic therapies. Learning Outcomes. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy
![Page 2: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Learning Outcomes
• Define psychotherapy and describe the history of treatment of psychological disorders
• Describe traditional psychoanalysis and short-term psychodynamic therapies
![Page 3: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Learning Outcomes
• Define humanistic therapy and contrast its two main approaches
• Define behavior therapy and identify various behavioral approaches to therapy
![Page 4: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Learning Outcomes
• Define cognitive therapy and describe Beck’s approach and REBT
• Identify various types of group therapy and discuss their advantages and disadvantages
![Page 5: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Learning Outcomes
• Explain whether psychotherapy works and who benefits from it
• Describe methods of biological therapy - their benefits and side effects
![Page 6: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is Psychotherapy?
![Page 7: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Psychotherapy
• Systematic interaction between client and therapist
• Based on psychological principles• Influences clients’ thoughts, feelings, and
behavior• Clients use it for psychological disorders,
adjustment problems, and/or personal growth
![Page 8: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
History of Therapies
• Asylums• Mental Hospitals• Community Mental Health Movement
![Page 9: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Unchaining of the Patients at La Salpêtrière
![Page 10: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Residents of London used to visit the local insane asylum for a fun night out on the town.
![Page 11: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Residents of London used to visit the local insane asylum for a fun night out on the town.
• TRUE!
![Page 12: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Psychodynamic Therapies
![Page 13: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Traditional Psychoanalysis
• Insight• Catharsis• Free Association• Resistance• Transference• Dream Analysis– Wish Fulfillment
![Page 14: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Freud’s Consulting Room
![Page 15: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Modern Psychodynamic Approaches
• Briefer, less intense, usually directive• Ego analysis– More focus on ego, less on the id
![Page 16: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Humanistic Therapies
![Page 17: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Client-Centered Therapy
• Carl Rogers• Provide insight into
parts of us we have disowned so we may feel whole
• Warm, therapeutic atmosphere– Unconditional positive
regard– Empathy– Genuineness
![Page 18: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Some psychotherapists let their clients take the lead in psychotherapy.
![Page 19: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Some psychotherapists let their clients take the lead in psychotherapy.
• TRUE!
![Page 20: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Gestalt Therapy
• Fritz Perls• Integrate conflicting parts of the personality• Directive, focused on the here and now
![Page 21: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Behavior Therapy
![Page 22: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Behavior Therapy
• Apply principles of learning to directly promote desired behavioral changes– Conditioning and observational learning– Discontinue self-defeating behaviors
![Page 23: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Some psychotherapists tell their clients exactly what to do.
![Page 24: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Some psychotherapists tell their clients exactly what to do.
• TRUE!
![Page 25: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fear-Reduction Methods
• Systematic desensitization– Confront hierarchy of stimuli– Counterconditioning
• Virtual Therapy• Modeling– Observational learning
![Page 26: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
A Program Containing Images of the World Trade Center Intended to Help People with PTSD
![Page 27: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Lying in a reclining chair and fantasizing can be an effective way of confronting fears.
![Page 28: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Lying in a reclining chair and fantasizing can be an effective way of confronting fears.
• TRUE!
![Page 29: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
• EMDR – used to treat stress disorders• Research does not explain why it works– Are the eye movements necessary?– May have to do with relationship with therapist
and exposure to trauma while believing it can be managed
![Page 30: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Aversive Conditioning
• Pair an aversive stimuli with the unwanted impulse– Used to eliminate unwanted habits and antisocial
behaviors
![Page 31: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Smoking cigarettes can be an effective method for helping people stop smoking cigarettes.
![Page 32: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• Smoking cigarettes can be an effective method for helping people stop smoking cigarettes.
• TRUE!
![Page 33: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Aversive Conditioning
![Page 34: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Operant Conditioning
• Token economy• Successive approximation• Biofeedback training
![Page 35: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Social Skills Training
• Decrease social anxiety and build social skills through operant conditioning techniques– Self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback
![Page 36: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cognitive Therapies
![Page 37: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Cognitive Therapy
• Changing beliefs, attitudes, and automatic types of thinking that create and compound problems– Awareness of current cognitions
![Page 38: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
• Client confronts feelings and beliefs that make no sense
• Become aware of cognitive errors
![Page 39: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
• Albert Ellis• Challenge irrational beliefs– Need for love and approval of others– Need to prove oneself to be thoroughly
competent, adequate, achieving
![Page 40: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• Integration of behavioral and cognitive therapies
![Page 41: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Group Therapies
![Page 42: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Group Therapies
• Advantages– Economical– More experiences for client to draw upon– Social support of the group– Affiliation with people with similar problems– Improvement provides hope for others– Practice social skills in safe environment
• Disadvantages– Unable to express feelings to group
![Page 43: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Group Therapies
• Couple therapy– Improve communication and manage conflict– Cognitive behavioral approach
• Family therapy– Systems approach
• Self-help and support groups– Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
![Page 44: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Does Psychotherapy Work?
![Page 45: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• There is no scientific evidence that psychotherapy helps people with psychological disorders.
![Page 46: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• There is no scientific evidence that psychotherapy helps people with psychological disorders.
• FICTION!
![Page 47: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy
• Meta-analysis – People who obtain psychotherapy of client-
centered therapies fare better than those who do not
– Must consider type of therapy; type of problem; and type of patient
![Page 48: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy
• Cognitive therapies– Best used for anxiety and depression– Also used with personality disorders
![Page 49: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Evidence –Based Practices
• Use of random controlled experiments (RCEs)– May favor cognitive-behavioral therapies– May not capture the complexity of clients in
community settings
![Page 50: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Examples of Evidence-Based Practices
![Page 51: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Ethnicity and Psychotherapy
• Ethnic minority groups in US less likely than European Americans to seek therapy– Not aware of helpfulness of therapy– Lack of information on services– Distrust of professionals– Language barriers
![Page 52: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Ethnicity and Psychotherapy
• Ethnic minority groups in US less likely than European Americans to seek therapy– Reluctance to open up to strangers– Cultural inclinations toward other approaches– Negative experiences
![Page 53: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Ethnicity and Psychotherapy
• African Americans – reluctant to seek help; suspicious of therapist
• Asian Americans – stigmatize people with disorders therefore deny problems
• Latino/Latina Americans – value of family interdependence conflicts with goal for self-reliance
• Native Americans – Disruption of traditional culture
![Page 54: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Biological Therapies
![Page 55: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Drug Therapy
• Antianxiety Drugs– Rebound anxiety
• Antipsychotic Drugs• Antidepressants– Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors
• Mood stabilizers
![Page 56: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Other Biological Therapies
• Electroconvulsive Therapy– Side effects include memory problems
• Psychosurgery– Prefrontal lobotomy– Pioneered by Antonio Egas Moniz
![Page 57: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Electroconvulsive Therapy
![Page 58: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• The originator of a surgical technique to reduce violence learned that it was not always successful when one of his patients shot him.
![Page 59: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Truth or Fiction?
• The originator of a surgical technique to reduce violence learned that it was not always successful when one of his patients shot him.
• TRUE!
![Page 60: Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56812d54550346895d9259fe/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Does Biological Therapy Work?
• Drug therapies have been effective– Must consider side effects
• Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy– Depression– Schizophrenia
• ECT as last resort