CHAPTER 13CHAPTER 13

Presidential Presidential ReconstructionReconstruction

LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATIONLINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION

April 14, 1865April 14, 1865

Fords TheatreFords Theatre

Our American Cousin (play)Our American Cousin (play)

Dies at the Peterson House across Dies at the Peterson House across the street from Fords Theatrethe street from Fords Theatre

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

Virginian (South)Virginian (South)

After the assassination he fled by After the assassination he fled by horse to Maryland horse to Maryland

ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT ON ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT ON VICE-PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT AND SECERTARY OF STATESECERTARY OF STATE

Vice President – Andrew JohnsonVice President – Andrew Johnson

Secretary of State – William SewardSecretary of State – William Seward

stabbed several times in his home –stabbed several times in his home –

survivedsurvived

On April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln was shot and mortally wounded by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, while the President was attending a play at Ford's Theater. Booth's plan was to destroy the administration by ordering conspirators to assassinate Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward that same night. Seward narrowly survived his wounds, while Johnson escaped attack as his would-be assassin, George Atzerodt, failed to go through with the plan.

BOOTH’S ARRESTBOOTH’S ARREST

Secretary of War – Edwin Stanton Secretary of War – Edwin Stanton ordered the arrest of John Wilkes ordered the arrest of John Wilkes BoothBooth

8 conspirators were convicted8 conspirators were convicted

4 were sentenced to hang4 were sentenced to hang

Mary Todd LincolnMary Todd Lincoln

Son (William) dies (typhoid fever) in 1862 at White Son (William) dies (typhoid fever) in 1862 at White HouseHouse

Husband (Abraham) dies in 1865Husband (Abraham) dies in 1865

Son (Thomas) dies (Tuberculosis)1871Son (Thomas) dies (Tuberculosis)1871

Mary Todd Lincoln was unstable after the death of Mary Todd Lincoln was unstable after the death of her husbandher husband

Robert (son) had his mother placed in a mental Robert (son) had his mother placed in a mental hospital in 1875hospital in 1875

ReconstructionReconstruction(to rebuild the South)(to rebuild the South)

1865-18771865-1877

Union restoring relations with the Union restoring relations with the Confederate States after the defeatConfederate States after the defeat

RECONSTRUCTION PROBLEMSRECONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS

NorthNorth

Limited damage to theLimited damage to the

farms and industriesfarms and industries

SouthSouth

Needed to rebuild citiesNeeded to rebuild cities

and railroadsand railroads

(infrastructures)(infrastructures)

Difficult questions for the political Difficult questions for the political leaders on Reconstructionleaders on Reconstruction

How should the 11 states be How should the 11 states be readmitted?readmitted?

Should Confederate leaders be Should Confederate leaders be punished?punished?

Rights of the 4 million slaves?Rights of the 4 million slaves?

How do we rebuild the South?How do we rebuild the South?

Other ProblemsOther Problems

Most Southern whites refuse to Most Southern whites refuse to accept blacks as equals!accept blacks as equals!

Lincoln’s Plan for ReconstructionLincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction

Lincoln’s plan during while he wasLincoln’s plan during while he was

President during the Civil WarPresident during the Civil War

Pardon the SouthernersPardon the Southerners

10% of the state voters need to 10% of the state voters need to accept the new state constitutionsaccept the new state constitutions

President Andrew Johnson’s Plan President Andrew Johnson’s Plan for Reconstructionfor Reconstruction

Pardon all Southern whites except Pardon all Southern whites except the Confederate leadersthe Confederate leaders

1313thth Amendment is ratified (passed) Amendment is ratified (passed)

Abolished slavery in December, 1865Abolished slavery in December, 1865

Black CodesBlack Codes(Slavery without chains)(Slavery without chains)

Series of lawsSeries of laws Forced blacks to sign a labor contract Forced blacks to sign a labor contract

requiring them to work at a job for requiring them to work at a job for one yearone year

Permitted employers to use physical Permitted employers to use physical forceforce

Allowed states to jail unemployed Allowed states to jail unemployed blacks blacks

Violence Against BlacksViolence Against Blacks

Secret white terrorist organizationSecret white terrorist organization

Ku Klux Klan started in South Ku Klux Klan started in South (Tennessee)(Tennessee)

Targeted the Blacks, Catholics, JewsTargeted the Blacks, Catholics, Jews

Civil Rights ActCivil Rights Act

Guaranteed legal rights of former Guaranteed legal rights of former slavesslaves

1313thth Amendment Amendment(Reconstruction Amendment)(Reconstruction Amendment)

1313thth Amendment is ratified (passed) Amendment is ratified (passed)

Abolished slavery in December, 1865Abolished slavery in December, 1865

1414thth Amendment Amendment(Reconstruction Amendment)(Reconstruction Amendment)

Gave citizenship to blacks in 1868Gave citizenship to blacks in 1868

States needed to pass 14States needed to pass 14thth Amendment before they could be Amendment before they could be readmitted to the unionreadmitted to the union

1515thth Amendment Amendment(Reconstruction Amendment)(Reconstruction Amendment)

Voting rights for Blacks in 1870Voting rights for Blacks in 1870

Tenure of Office ActTenure of Office Act

Prohibited the President from firing Prohibited the President from firing Cabinet members without Senate Cabinet members without Senate approvalapproval

President Johnson wanted to President Johnson wanted to replace Edwin Stanton with a new replace Edwin Stanton with a new secretary of war.secretary of war.

Impeachment of PresidentImpeachment of President Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson

Accused of standing in the way of the Accused of standing in the way of the ReconstructionReconstruction

House of Representatives felt there House of Representatives felt there was enough evidence to try the case was enough evidence to try the case

Senate voted 35 to 19 to impeach – Senate voted 35 to 19 to impeach – (1 vote shy of impeachment)(1 vote shy of impeachment)

2/32/3rdrd majority is needed to impeach majority is needed to impeach

RepublicansRepublicans

Won control of every new state Won control of every new state government after the Civil Wargovernment after the Civil War

CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers

Former Union soldiers attracted to Former Union soldiers attracted to the south because of the economic the south because of the economic opportunitiesopportunities

Bought land in the southBought land in the south

Worked for the government, as Worked for the government, as teachers, and missionary workteachers, and missionary work

ScalawagsScalawags

Poor whites who lived in the hilly Poor whites who lived in the hilly areas of the south.areas of the south.

Resented the plantation ownersResented the plantation owners

They looked to the new state They looked to the new state governments for an education and governments for an education and jobsjobs

HistoryHistory

Test on Tuesday Test on Tuesday