Chapter 13

Reconstruction

Vocabulary1. Freedman2. 13th amendment3. Freedman’s Bureau4. Sharecropping5. Black codes6. 14th amendment

Vocabulary-continued7. Military Reconstruction Acts8. Carpetbaggers9. Scalawags10. Union League11. Ku Klux Klan12. 15th Amendment13. Redeemers

EQ: Who ruled the South after the Civil War? The Union army

Conditions were deplorable This is when reconstruction, or

rebuilding, began Southern states began rejoining

the Union

Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln

He believed Southern states should be admitted with some moderate concessions 10% of the people of each state had to be

loyal to the Union The state had to outlaw slavery

Andrew Johnson Lincoln is assassinated before his plan can be

completed Andrew Johnson is made president with more

extreme plans of reconstruction Former Confederate officers and wealthy

landowners could NOT vote Reconciling states had to ratify the 13th

Amendment

Radical Republicans They thought that more

needed to be done Punish the Confederates Wade-Davis Bill

Provided military leaders to govern Confederate states until they fulfilled actions and were allowed to return to the Union

Congress passed it, Lincoln vetoed it

Congress impeached (formally accused) Johnson after he tried to fire a Radical Republican

Impeachment was acquitted (overturned), but much of his power was taken away

Congressional Reconstruction After Johnson’s power was depleted, Congress

created Freedmen’s Bureau Helped previously enslaved people Provided food, clothing, built schools Helped white landowners create contracts to pay black

laborers Passed 14th Amendment

Defined US citizenship, included newly freed slaves 15th Amendment

Gave right to vote to those of any race, color, previous servitude, 21 and over (but not to women)

African Americans in GA Jefferson Franklin Long

US House of Representatives Tunis Campbell

US Senator Eventually voted out of office, harassed and

jailed by white voters in GA Henry McNeal Turner

Black state legislator

Mistreatment Black Codes

Laws passed used to control African Americans Not allowed to serve as jurors Could not testify against white people in court Limited voting rights, despite 15th Amendment

Ku Klux Klan Terrorist group that targeted African Americans and those

that helped them Segregation

Public facilities remained separated for the races

Sharecropping Farming still main source of income in the

south after the Civil War Some slaves remained to work the fields as

freedmen They would pay the landowner (LO) to plant

crops on the LO land, then pay him a share of the profit

Usually no money left after debts paid

Tenant Farming Landowners would rent small plots of land to

farm Usually no money left to buy seeds or

equipment to plant crops

Georgia Readmitted to the Union GA ratified the 15th Amendment GA readmitted to the Union, July 15, 1870 The state was considered “redeemed”

Those who took control were called Redeemers Reconstruction officially ended with the

Compromise of 1877 between Hayes and Tilden Union troops were withdrawn from the South