Chapter 14From Gothic to Renaissance:

Italy 1200-1400

Renaissance = “Rebirth”

Early Renaissance Contemporaneous with Gothic Art

Italy Around 1400

The Byzantine Empire

God in the Middle AgesThe Geometer, Manuscript Illustration.

GOD

Man

Nature

God

Man

Nature

Humanist Tradition:Nude human

Recognizable Portrait

Landscape

Establishment of Preaching Orders:

FranciscansBased on teachings of St. FrancisLive like ChristBeg on the streets

DominicansBased on teachings of St. DominickBuild monasteriesEducate the masses

BONAVENTURA BERLINGHIERI, panel from the Saint Francis Altarpiece, San Francesco, Pescia, Italy, 1235. Tempera on wood, approx. 5’ x 3’ x 6”.

Italo-Byzantine Style:

• Combination of Italian and Byzantine visual concerns that develops in the 13th century

• Transcendent• Didactic• Stressed unity of political, social and

religious order

BONAVENTURA BERLINGHIERI, panel from the Saint Francis Altarpiece, San Francesco, Pescia, Italy, 1235. Tempera on wood, approx. 5’ x 3’ x 6”.

Receives Stigmata

St. Francis Preaching To birds

Posthumous Miracle

Posthumous MiracleOf the pear

Posthumous MiracleHealing crippled man

Posthumous MiracleCasting out demons

BONAVENTURA BERLINGHIERI, panel from the Saint Francis Altarpiece, San Francesco, Pescia, Italy, 1235. Tempera on wood, approx. 5’ x 3’ x 6”.

Italian artistByzantine Artist

NICOLA PISANO, pulpit of Pisa Cathedral baptistery, Pisa, Italy, 1259–1260. Marble, approx. 15’ high.

First Proto-RenaissanceWork of Art

NICOLA PISANO, pulpit of Pisa Cathedral baptistery, Pisa, Italy, 1259–1260. Marble, approx. 15’ high.

First Proto-RenaissanceWork of Art

Fortitude

Baptistry Pulpit Drew From Following Sources:

1) The immediate past: Medieval Art2) Contemporaneous Ideas: Gothic Art3) Byzantine Art4) Antiquity

NICOLA PISANO, The Annunciation and the Nativity, detail of Pisa baptistery pulpit, Pisa, Italy, 1259–1260. Marble relief, approx. 2’ 10” x 3’ 9”.

GIOVANNI PISANO, The Annunciation and the Nativity, detail of the pulpit of Sant’Andrea, Pistoia, Italy, 1297–1301. Marble relief, approx. 2’ 10” x 3’ 4”.

Two main schools of the Early Renaissance:

FlorenceTraditionalMonumental Republican

SienaLyricalDecorativeLinear

CIMABUE, Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets, ca. 1280–1290. Tempera on wood, 12’ 7” x 7’ 4”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Madonna Enthroned, ca. 1310. Tempera on wood, 10’ 8” x 6’ 8”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

Arena Chapel, Padua

Interior of the Arena Chapel (Cappella Scrovegni), Padua, Italy, 1305–1306.Commissioned by Enrico Scrovegni

“The Golden Legends” By Jacobus de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa

GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Lamentation, Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, ca. 1305. Fresco, 6’ 6 3/4” x 6’ 3/4”.

GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Lamentation, Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, ca. 1305. Fresco, 6’ 6 3/4” x 6’ 3/4”.

The Competing Styles of the 14th Century Italy:

Giotto: Florence, Intellectual, Sculptural

Duccio: Siena, Emotional, Linear, Delicate

DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Maestà altarpiece, from the Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1308–1311. Tempera on wood, panel 7’ x 13’. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.

DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints, principal panel of the Maestà altarpiece, from the Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1308–1311. Tempera on wood, panel 7’ x 13’. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.

DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Betrayal of Jesus, detail from the back of the Maestà altarpiece, from the Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1309–1311. Tempera on wood, detail approx. 1’ 10 1/2” x 3’ 4”. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.

SIMONE MARTINI AND LIPPO MEMMI(?), Annunciation, 1333 (frame reconstructed in the nineteenth century). Tempera and gold leaf on wood, approx. 10’ 1” x 8’ 8 3/4”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

PIETRO LORENZETTI, The Birth of the Virgin, from Altar of Saint Savinus, Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1342. Tempera on wood, approx. 6’ 1” x 5’ 11”. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.

The International Gothic Style:

In Western Europe: Italy (mostly Siena), France, Burgundy, and Bohemia

Emphasizes: Royalty, Courtly Nobility, Sophistication, Luxurious Decorative Elements

Long, flowing lines, elegance, elongated figures, and realistic plants and animals