chapter 14 organic compounds with oxygen and halogens
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Chapter 14 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens. CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II Alfred State College Professor Bensley. Learning Objectives. Identify alcohols, ethers and alkyl halides. Classify alcohols and alkyl halides as 1 ° 2° or 3° - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 14
Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens
CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II
Alfred State College
Professor Bensley
Learning Objectives
Identify alcohols, ethers and alkyl halides. Classify alcohols and alkyl halides as 1° 2°
or 3° Determine the properties of alcohols, ethers,
and alkyl halides. Name alcohols, ehters, and alkyl halides. Draw the products of the dehydration of
alcohols. Determine the products of alcohol oxidation.
Alcohols
1o
I. Structure and PropertiesA. Classification
2o 3o
Alcohols
B. Shape and bond angle:
C. Polarity:
D. Intermolecular Forces:
Alcohols
E. Melting points and boiling points:
F. Solubility:
2 C’s in chainwater soluble
8 C’s in chainwater insoluble
Alcohols
Example
Give the IUPAC name of the following alcohol.
II. Nomenclature
• Common Names
• Diols and Triols
Alcohols
•Methanol (CH3OH)
•Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
•2-Propanol (CH3)2CHOH), isopropyl alcohol
III. Interesting Common Alcohols
•Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH)
•Glycerol [(HOCH2)2CHOH]
Alcohols
A. Oxidation
• # of C—O bonds, # of C—H bonds
IV. Reactions of Alcohols
Alcohol Oxidation
AlcoholsB. Dehydration (Elimination Reaction) – Major Lab #2
Alcohols
C1 C2 C3 CH3H
H H H
H HOH
2-butanol
H2SO4
C1 C2 C3 CH3H
H H H
H
C1 C2 C3 CH3H
H H H
H
+ H2O
+ H2O
1-butene
2-butene
•Asymmetric alcohols can form two possible products.
• Zaitsev Rule
major product:
EthersI. Structure and Properties
A. Shape and bond angle:
B. Polarity:
C. Intermolecular Forces?
Ethers
D. Melting and Boiling Points:
E. Solubilities:
Ethers
Simple ethers are usually assigned common names:
CH3 O CH2CH3
methyl ethyl
ethyl methyl ether
CH3CH2 O CH2CH3
ethyl ethyl
diethyl ether
II. Nomenclature
More complex ethers are named using the IUPAC system:
CH3O—methoxy
CH3CH2O—ethoxy
Alkyl Halides
1o
I. Structure and Properties
2o 3o
• Polarities, Intermolecular forces, Melting and Boiling Points, Solubility
Alkyl Halides
ExampleGive the IUPAC name of the followingalkyl halide.
II. Nomenclature