CHAPTER 14

THE NATION DIVIDED

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Bullet points pg. 505 Read pgs. 482-485

CHAPTER 14

• I can understand how the question of admission of new states to the union fueled the debate over slavery and states rights.

CHAPTER 14

• Missouri Compromise (1820) seemed to stop sectional difference

• 1820 – 1848, 8 new states4 slave – 4 free (15 each)

CHAPTER 14• Mo. Compromise did not apply to 1848

Mexican Cession• Fearing a new slave state, Rep. David

Wilmot proposed law banning slavery from Mexican Cession

• Passed the House of Rep. But not Senate

WHY?

15 free states15 slave states

TIE VOTE IN SENATE

CONSEQUENCE #1

•SOUTHERN SLAVERY SUPPORTERS FEARED A LEGAL ATTACK ON SLAVERY

CONSEQUENCE #2

•A NEW POLITICAL PARTY

POLITICS

•2 PartiesDEMOCRATSWHIGS

POLITICS

•Neither party took firm stand on slavery

WHY?

POLITICS

•Both wanted southern votes.

POLITICS• Democratic Presidential

candidate, Sen. Lewis Cass proposed a solution

• Popular sovereignty

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

•People in the state or territory would vote on slavery, not their elected representatives

CONSEQUENCE

• Anti slavery Democrats and Whigs for new political party – THE FREE SOIL PARTY

PLATFORM

• Mexican Cession land would be FREE SOIL – NO SLAVERY

CANDIDATES

•Free Soil – Martin Van Buren

•Democrats - Lewis Cass•Whigs – Zachary Taylor

What territory wanted into the United States?

Why?

All the Gold in California

• 1848 – Gold discovered in California

• Grows quickly• Wants into the

U.S.

Problems

• Most of CA. is north of MO. Compromise line

• South fears anti slavery majority in Senate

• Threatens to SECEDE if CA. is admitted as free state

Other Issues

• Northerners want slave TRADE abolished in Wash. D.C.

• Southerners wants escaped slaves (FUGITIVES) returned

WHAT DO WE DO? .

COMPROMISE• Henry Clay has

idea, the Compromise of 1850

• His ideas are opposed by John C. Calhoun

The Great Debate• Calhoun is against compromise. He said,

A. CA. in U.S. as a free state threatens the South

B. There are only 2 ways to protect the South

1. Constitutional Amendment2. Secession

The Great Debate

• Daniel Webster said,A. Called to end fightingB. Supported Clay’s plan

CalhounPg. 484

Translation - Calhoun• Arrest it

to stop something• Abolition

getting rid of slavery• Secession

leaving the Union• Submission

give up• Resistance

fight

What does it mean?

1. We want a Constitutional amendment guaranteeing slavery in the south and the Territories forever

2. If we don’t get that, we quit the Union

3. If you attack us, we will fight

Daniel Webster Pg 484

Translation - Webster

• Preservationto keep as is

• Restorationto return to the original

What does it mean?

1. The Union must stay together2. Accept the compromise3. Let’s go back to good feelings

among all the states

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Bullet Points pg. 505 Read pgs. 486-491

PREDICT

•What is going to happen?

Ch 14 Sec 2 – Compromises Fail

•I CAN UNDERSTAND THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 AND WHY IT FAILED

Compromise of 1850• 5 laws

California admitted free stateSlave trade banned in D.C.Congress could not regulate slave trade

between slave statesPopular sovereignty in Mexican CessionFugitive slave law

Fugitive slave law• Accused slaves

arrested by government

• No trial• Only white

persons testimony

• Every citizen required to help

•President Zachary Taylor who opposes, dies

•Millard Fillmore, the new President signs it into law

OBJECTIONS• Northerners objected to fugitive

slave actWHY?

1. Black testimony was not admissible2. White slave owners testimony as proof

REACTIONS

• Slave catchers were threatened

• Runaways were taken to Canada

• Juries found helpers innocent

REACTIONS• BOOKS

UNCLE TOMS CABINFictional account of slaveryPut down by SouthPraised by North (pg 448)

RESULTS

• Everyone complained• Northerners did not like

-slavery continuing with possibility of expansion- Fugitive Slave Law

RESULTS

• Southerners did not like- Jury Nullification- Slave catchers being

threatened- Slaves escaping to Canada

A NEW WRINKLE• Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas wants

a railroad through ILL & MO to the west• RR would pass through Kansas &

Nebraska• These areas are closed to slavery (MO.

Comp)• Southerners screamed!!!

Douglas’ Plan

• Open Kansas & Nebraska to Popular Sovereignty

• Southerners happy• Northerners screamed –

This undid the MO. Comp.

Kansas – Nebraska Act - 1852

• Kansas & Nebraska Territories open to Popular Sovereignty

• Passed by Congress – Signed by Pres.

• Believed to be answer to slavery question

IS IT??

RESULTS• Proponents and opponents flooded into

Kansas• Of 3,000 registered voters, 8,000 votes were

counted• 3 non slavery vs. 36 slavery representatives

were elected

WHAT HAPPENED?

VOTER FRUAD

WHAT HAPPENED THEN?

2 GOVERNMENTS• ANTI SLAVERY GOVERNMENT• PRO SLAVERY GOVERNMENT

EACH CLAIMED AUTHORITY

WHAT HAPPENED THEN??

VIOLENCE

Proslavery Sheriff leads 800 men and attacks anti slavery Lawrence Kansas

Anti slavery activist, John Brown attacks Pottawatomie Creek Kansas

PREDICT

•WHAT WILL HAPPEN NEXT?

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Bullet Points pg. 505 Read pgs. 494-498

Ch 14 Sec 3

• I can understand how the Lincoln – Douglas debates and John Brown’s raid increased tensions between North and South

A New Political Party

• 1854 – Whig party split apart• New party called Republican Party• Attracted Northern Democrats and

Free Soil party members• Committed to stopping spread of

slavery

Growth

1854• 105 seats in Congress of 245 • All but two northern state legislatures

1856• Ran John C. Freemont for President• Won 11 of 16 free states• James Buchanan elected

Dred Scott Decision1857

• Dred Scott was a slave• Had lived in Wisconsin and

IllinoisWhat is important about

Wisconsin and Illinois?

Answer• Illinois and

Wisconsin are free states

• Dred Scott wants his freedom even though he is now in Missouri

Decision

• African Americans are NOT citizens

• Cannot sue in Court• Slaves are property so it doesn’t

matter where they lived• Property belongs to the owner

Decision

• Congress does not have the power to prohibit slavery in the territories

• MO Compromise illegal

Reaction

• Southerners pleased• Northerners shocked• A young Illinois lawyer speaks outThe idea that African Americans could

not be citizens was based on a false view of American History

Who is this masked man?

LINCOLN

• Not an abolitionist• Was anti slavery• Served in Illinois House of Reps.• Served 1 term in U.S. House of Rep.• Opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act• Joined Republican party

1858

• Republicans choose Lincoln to run for Senate

• Lincoln speaksturn to page 496

Debates

• Democrats choose Stephen Douglas• Lincoln debates him• Lincoln and Douglas both courted

Mary Todd• Lincoln won this one

DebatesLINCOLN

• If slavery is not wrong nothing is wrong

• Slavery should not expand to western territories

• Slavery will die on its own

• Blacks and whites are not equal but have rights

DOUGLAS• Popular sovereignty is

right• Illinois chose no slavery,

MO chose slavery• Lincoln is a dangerous

abolitionist and wants black equality

And the winner is

DOUGLAS

1859

• John Brown driven out of Kansas• Attacks Federal Arsenal in Harpers Ferry

VA.• Wants guns to give to blacks to stage a

revolt• Said the Bible guided his actions • Captured – tried – convicted - hanged

Reaction

• People in South saw justice served

• People in North considered him a hero

• People in South feared Northern response

John Brown

• Who or what is John Brown• Is it this?

OR IS IT THIS

Right – Wrong - Best

•Are either completely right?

•Are either completely wrong?

•Which is best?

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Bullet Points pg. 505 Read pg. 499 - 503

Ch 14 Sec 4

THE COMING OF THE CIVIL WAR

I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THE ELECTION OF

ABRAHAM LINCOLN SPARKED THE SECESSION

OF SOUTHERN STATES

Election of 1860

• Lincoln popular because of L-D debates• Democrats split

North – Douglas – Supports Popular Sovereignty

South V.P. John Breckinridge – Supports slavery even though secession

• Constitution Union Party – John Bell – Against secession and supports slavery

THINK!!!

• What happens to a political party when its vote is split?

• What happens when there is a third party?

• Is it any wonder Lincoln won?

Secession Chronology

• Nov. 1860 – Lincoln elected• Dec. 1860 – S. Carolina• Jan. 1861 – Miss., FLA., ALA., GEO., LA.• Feb. – TX• Feb. C.S.A. born - New Constitution.

Jefferson Davis made President

Secession Chronology

• March 4th 1861 – Lincoln inaugurated• March 6th – CSA asks for 100,000

volunteers• April 12, CSA attacks Fort Sumter in

Charleston• April 13, Fort Sumter surrenders• April 16, Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers

Secession Chronology

• April 17, VA secedes• May – AK., TN., NC.

Why the war?

Why the war?- Slavery- Sectionalism- Nationalism / Honor- States rights- Free soil- Tariffs- Election of Lincoln