chapter 15: the civil war begins the secession of southern states cause the north and the south to...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 15: The Civil War Begins
The secession of Southern states cause the North and the South to take up arms. 7 States left the Union before the fall of Ft. Sumter; 4 States joined
afterwards. 11 States made up the Confederacy.
Which side had the advantage in the
Civil War?
North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861
North South
Advantages ? ?
Disadvantages
? ?
On a sheet of paper, draw the chart below. After studying the few slides that follow, write in your responses and complete the chart.
Rating the North & Rating the North & SouthSouth
Rating the North & Rating the North & SouthSouth
Railroad Lines in Railroad Lines in 18601860
Railroad Lines in Railroad Lines in 18601860
Resources: North & Resources: North & SouthSouth
Resources: North & Resources: North & SouthSouth
Soldiers Present for Duty Soldiers Present for Duty
in the Civil Warin the Civil War
Soldiers Present for Duty Soldiers Present for Duty
in the Civil Warin the Civil War
Union & Confederacy in Union & Confederacy in 18611861
Union & Confederacy in Union & Confederacy in 18611861
Slave / Free Slave / Free States Population States Population
in 1861in 1861
Slave / Free Slave / Free States Population States Population
in 1861in 1861
Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NYNY
Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NYNY
TheTheCivil WarCivil War
(1861-1865)(1861-1865)ThroughThrough
Maps, Charts,Maps, Charts,Graphs &Graphs &PicturesPictures
TheTheCivil WarCivil War
(1861-1865)(1861-1865)ThroughThrough
Maps, Charts,Maps, Charts,Graphs &Graphs &PicturesPictures
Population 9 million (3.5 million slaves, only 1.2 million
men of combat age) Economy- 20,000 factories
101,000 workers9,000 miles of railroad$47 million in bank deposits $27 million in gold specie
Military Leadership Robert E. Lee Stonewall JacksonMilitary Training VMI (Virginia Military Institute) WestPointHome field advantage Familiar with terrain Morale booster
Confederacy
War fought on confederate soil. Why was the war being fought? “Rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”Lack of military leadership
Population 22 million (4 million men of combat age) Economy- 100,000 factories
1.1 million workers20,000 miles of railroad$189 million in bank deposits$59 million in gold specie
Abraham Lincoln
Union
DisadvantagesAdvantages
Many Issues Divide the Country
• 1861 – 11 U.S. states voted to secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America (CSA).
• This action followed years of long-standing differences between the North and the South.
What Issues did the North & South Disagree On?
• Tariffs – taxes on imported goods
• Distribution of public lands
• States’ Rights – states should have more power over what they do and the federal government should have less power over them.
• Most of all – the issue of SLAVERY
Southern States Vow to Secede
• During the 1860 presidential election, Southern leaders threatened to secede if a Republican (Abraham Lincoln) was elected.
• After Lincoln won the 1860 election, 6 states seceded: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana.
• Texas also seceded, although against Sam Houston’s objections.
The Confederacy is Formed
• Formed at a convention in Montgomery, Alabama on February 4, 1861.
• Called the Confederate States of America (CSA).
Confederate Constitution
• Drew up a constitution similar to the U.S. constitution, but with some important differences:
• 1. states were given MORE power and the federal government was given LESS power;
• 2. this constitution guaranteed the protection of slavery.
The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”
The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”
Leaders of the ConfederacyLeaders of the ConfederacyLeaders of the ConfederacyLeaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens
VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens
A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis
A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis
Houston Removed from Office
• Texas Secession Convention ordered all state government leaders to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy – Houston refused and is removed as Governor.
• Lt. Governor Edward Clark replaced Houston as Governor (he took the oath)
• This ends Houston’s career in politics and military – he retires to home in Huntsville and dies in 1863.
Lincoln’s View on States’ Secession
• Lincoln said that the Union was “perpetual” (continuing forever) and the Southern states had no right to leave it.
• He promised to carry out the law of the land (according to the U.S. constitution) in all states, and
• Vowed to preserve the nation at all costs.
Union & Confederacy in Union & Confederacy in 18611861
Union & Confederacy in Union & Confederacy in 18611861
The Two Strategies
Northern Strategies• Bring Union back together (not
focused on Slavery at first)• Blockade Southern ports – cut off
supply lines• Gain control of the Mississippi
River – split confederacy• Capture Richmond
The Two Strategies
Southern Strategies• Fight a defensive war; make the
North give up• Privateering (Pirating) Union
commercial ships• Gain support of major European
Powers (England and France) as they needed Southern materials (Cotton, especially).
Early Years of the WarThe First Battle of Bull
Run, July 1861• Early battle fought
near Manassas Junction at the Bull Run river
• Although at first driven back by Union soldiers, led by “Stonewall” Jackson, the Confederates fought back
• North is shocked and realize this could be a long and bloody war
First Bull Run
Early Years of the War
War at Sea• Lincoln plans to blockade Southern ports
and controlled the Mississippi River.• Blockade runners sail in and out of blockade• Blockade reduced southern trade by 2/3
Anaconda Plan:• This was the plan to cut the south off by way of
Naval Blockade. It was called “Scott’s Great Snake” or more commonly, “The Anaconda Plan” as it was designed to ‘squeeze’ the south, like an anaconda snake.
Anaconda Plan