Chapter 17 Section 3Chapter 17 Section 3

The War in the PacificThe War in the PacificRefer to map on page 580Refer to map on page 580

BrainstormBrainstorm You enter the war in 1941.You enter the war in 1941. You do not accomplish victory in You do not accomplish victory in

Europe until 1945.Europe until 1945. How do you go about gaining victory How do you go about gaining victory

over Japan in the Pacific?over Japan in the Pacific?

ObjectivesObjectives Identify key turning points in the war in Identify key turning points in the war in

the Pacific. the Pacific. Describe the Allied offensive against the Describe the Allied offensive against the

Japanese. Japanese. Explain both the development of the Explain both the development of the

atomic bomb and debates about its use. atomic bomb and debates about its use. Describe the challenges faced by the Describe the challenges faced by the

Allies in building a just and lasting peace. Allies in building a just and lasting peace.

The War in the PacificThe War in the Pacific

The War in the PacificThe War in the Pacific Leaders:Leaders: MacArthur Page 583MacArthur Page 583 NimitzNimitz HirohitoHirohito

April 1942, BataanApril 1942, Bataan Leader:Leader: MacArthurMacArthur Remember we entered war in 1941 & Remember we entered war in 1941 &

Germany does not fall until 1945Germany does not fall until 1945 Allies hold out for 4 months against Allies hold out for 4 months against

invading Japanese forces before invading Japanese forces before abandoning peninsulaabandoning peninsula

14k dead / 48k wounded14k dead / 48k wounded

April 1942, BataanApril 1942, Bataan On April 3, 1942, General Homma On April 3, 1942, General Homma

finally launched his long-awaited (by finally launched his long-awaited (by both the Japanese high command and both the Japanese high command and the Americans) final push to crush the the Americans) final push to crush the Philippines. He easily broke through Philippines. He easily broke through the final line of resistance of the Fil-the final line of resistance of the Fil-American troops on Bataan, but he American troops on Bataan, but he did so because of the deplorable state did so because of the deplorable state of the defending forces facing him. of the defending forces facing him.

June 1942, MidwayJune 1942, MidwayObj #1 & 2Obj #1 & 2

Leader:Leader: NimitzNimitz Allies broke Japanese codeAllies broke Japanese code Americans turned back Japanese Americans turned back Japanese

invasion headed toward Hawaiiinvasion headed toward Hawaii Beginning of Island Hopping Strategy Beginning of Island Hopping Strategy

to take back Japanese gains in the to take back Japanese gains in the PacificPacific

August 1942, GuadalcanalAugust 1942, GuadalcanalObj. #1Obj. #1

Leader:Leader: MacArthurMacArthur Americans dealt Japan their first Americans dealt Japan their first

defeat on landdefeat on land

August 1942, GuadalcanalAugust 1942, Guadalcanal The theme of Guadalcanal as the turning point. The theme of Guadalcanal as the turning point.

From the slim victories by small forces; from the From the slim victories by small forces; from the discipline and ability of Marines to hold on despite discipline and ability of Marines to hold on despite hunger, fatigue and disease; from the resolution hunger, fatigue and disease; from the resolution of U.S. airmen and seamen who were often of U.S. airmen and seamen who were often outnumbered but never outfought; and from the outnumbered but never outfought; and from the fact that, at this ultimate single point of extension fact that, at this ultimate single point of extension and conflict, the United States, straining its and conflict, the United States, straining its utmost, as against Japan straining its utmost, utmost, as against Japan straining its utmost, could exert a few more ounces of effort--from this could exert a few more ounces of effort--from this aggregate came victory, not only on Guadalcanal, aggregate came victory, not only on Guadalcanal, but ultimately in the whole Pacific but ultimately in the whole Pacific

October 1944, Leyte GulfOctober 1944, Leyte Gulfpage578page578Obj #1Obj #1

Leader:Leader: MacArthurMacArthur Japanese resort to kamikazeJapanese resort to kamikaze Entire Japanese fleet involvedEntire Japanese fleet involved Japan lost 3 Battleships, 4 Aircraft Japan lost 3 Battleships, 4 Aircraft

Carriers & 500 planesCarriers & 500 planes Devastating blow to Japan’s NavyDevastating blow to Japan’s Navy Americans retook the PhilippinesAmericans retook the Philippines

March 1945, Iwo JimaMarch 1945, Iwo Jimapage 582page 582Obj. #1Obj. #1

Leader:Leader: MacArthurMacArthur Fierce battle but Allies take island Fierce battle but Allies take island

from Japanfrom Japan To the Japanese leadership, the To the Japanese leadership, the

capture of Iwo Jima meant the battle capture of Iwo Jima meant the battle for Okinawa, and the invasion of for Okinawa, and the invasion of Japan itself, was not far off.Japan itself, was not far off.

March 1945, Iwo JimaMarch 1945, Iwo Jima Iwo Jima, which means sulfur island, was Iwo Jima, which means sulfur island, was

strategically important as an air base for fighter strategically important as an air base for fighter escorts supporting long-range bombing missions escorts supporting long-range bombing missions against mainland Japan. Because of the distance against mainland Japan. Because of the distance between mainland Japan and U.S. bases in the between mainland Japan and U.S. bases in the Mariana Islands, the capture of Iwo Jima would Mariana Islands, the capture of Iwo Jima would provide an emergency landing strip for crippled provide an emergency landing strip for crippled B-29s returning from bombing runs. The seizure B-29s returning from bombing runs. The seizure of Iwo would allow for sea and air blockades, the of Iwo would allow for sea and air blockades, the ability to conduct intensive air bombardment and ability to conduct intensive air bombardment and to destroy the enemy's air and naval capabilities. to destroy the enemy's air and naval capabilities.

June 1945, OkinawaJune 1945, OkinawaObj #1Obj #1

Leader:Leader: MacArthurMacArthur Allies take island back from JapanAllies take island back from Japan Map on page 580 indicates Map on page 580 indicates

importanceimportance 7.6K Americans die7.6K Americans die 110k Japanese die / kamikaze & 110k Japanese die / kamikaze &

suicidesuicide

September 1945, Tokyo BaySeptember 1945, Tokyo BayObj. #3Obj. #3

Leaders:Leaders: MacArthur / HirohitoMacArthur / Hirohito

Japan officially / unconditionally Japan officially / unconditionally surrenderssurrenders

U.S. Battleship MissouriU.S. Battleship Missouri Democratic Constitution & Women voteDemocratic Constitution & Women vote Change Economy / occupationChange Economy / occupation

The Science of WarThe Science of War

The Science of The Science of WarWar

Leaders:Leaders: TrumanTruman OppenheimerOppenheimer

July 1945, Los AlamosJuly 1945, Los AlamosObj. #3Obj. #3

Leader: OppenheimerLeader: Oppenheimer 11stst Atomic bomb built completing the Atomic bomb built completing the

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project $2 Billion Dollars$2 Billion Dollars 120K employees120K employees 37 different installations including US 37 different installations including US

& Canada& Canada

Interim CommitteeInterim Committee

Other Courses Besides Other Courses Besides Dropping the BombDropping the Bomb

Obj. #3Obj. #3 Massive InvasionMassive Invasion Naval BlockadeNaval Blockade Continued Conventional BombingContinued Conventional Bombing ““A” bomb demonstrationA” bomb demonstration Conditional SurrenderConditional Surrender

Reasons to Drop the BombReasons to Drop the BombObj. #3Obj. #3

Save lives & prevent casualtiesSave lives & prevent casualties Churchill predicts 1.5M after OkinawaChurchill predicts 1.5M after Okinawa Save $ and suppliesSave $ and supplies A dud demo bomb would be an A dud demo bomb would be an

embarrassmentembarrassment Display power to RussiansDisplay power to Russians Revenge for Pearl Harbor & war deathsRevenge for Pearl Harbor & war deaths

August 1945, Hiroshima & August 1945, Hiroshima & NagasakiNagasakiObj. #3Obj. #3

Leader:Leader: TrumanTruman 11stst Atomic Bombs dropped Atomic Bombs dropped August 6 Hiroshima: 70k dead, 70k August 6 Hiroshima: 70k dead, 70k

injured, uranium, Little Boyinjured, uranium, Little Boy August 9 Nagasaki: 40K dead, August 9 Nagasaki: 40K dead,

plutonium, Fat Manplutonium, Fat Man

Planning the Rebuilding Planning the Rebuilding PeacePeace

Planning the Planning the Rebuilding PeaceRebuilding Peace

Leaders:Leaders: FDRFDR StalinStalin ChurchillChurchill JacksonJackson TrumanTruman

February 1945, YaltaFebruary 1945, YaltaObj. #4Obj. #4

Leaders: FDR, Stalin, ChurchillLeaders: FDR, Stalin, Churchill Important decisions about postwar worldImportant decisions about postwar world Stalin wanted Germany separated into Stalin wanted Germany separated into

Occupation Zones by Allies so Germany Occupation Zones by Allies so Germany would not threaten USSR againwould not threaten USSR again

FDR gave into Stalin for Soviet support FDR gave into Stalin for Soviet support against Japan & promise of free elections against Japan & promise of free elections in Polandin Poland

April 1945, San FranciscoApril 1945, San Francisco United Nations EstablishedUnited Nations Established

1945-1949, Nuremberg1945-1949, Nurembergpage 586page 586

Leader:Leader: JacksonJackson 24 Nazi leaders tried for wartime crimes24 Nazi leaders tried for wartime crimes 12/24 sentenced to death12/24 sentenced to death Trials were imperfect but…Trials were imperfect but… U.S. Supreme Ct Justice Jackson: U.S. Supreme Ct Justice Jackson:

individuals are responsible for their own individuals are responsible for their own actions even in times of waractions even in times of war