chapter 18.1 notes magnets and magnetism. important vocabulary magnet magnetic field magnetic force...
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 18.1 NOTES
Magnets and Magnetism
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Important vocabulary
MagnetMagnetic FieldMagnetic ForcePolesDomains
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Essential Questions
What makes something magnetic?How is the magnetic field of a magnet oriented?
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Magnets
• Permanent Magnets are any material that attracts iron or materials containing iron.
• Poles are the part of the magnet where the magnetic effects are the strongest.
• Poles are marked north and south because if a magnet is free to rotate it will point to the north
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Magnetic Forces
• The force (push or pull) between two magnets is called the magnetic force.
• If the poles are the same, the force will push them apart (repel).
• If the poles are different, the force will pull them together (attract)
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Magnetic Fields - are a lot like electrical fields
• The region around a magnet where the magnetic forces can push or pull materials, is called the magnetic field.
• Magnetic fields are strongest at the poles.
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Magnetic Fields
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1) Magnet, 2)Magnetic field, 3) Magnetic force
a) The area around a magnet where forces can push or pull objects
b) The push or pull of a magnetc) An object that attracts iron
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Where are magnets the strongest?
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2
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What makes something magnetic?
• Moving electrons within the atoms produce magnetic fields that give the atom a north and south pole.
• Normally, these fields cancel each other out except in iron, cobalt and nickel where the atoms group together in domains.
• If the domains line up with most of the north poles and south poles in the same direction, the material becomes magnetic.
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Domains
Domains within most objects
Domains within magnetized object.
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Making or losing magnets.
• Magnets can be made out of objects made of iron, cobalt or nickel by aligning the domains.
• Simply rub the object along a magnet in one direction so that all the domains point in the same direction.
• You can lose alignment by dropping a magnet or hitting it too hard so the domains mix.
• If you heat up a magnet, the particles vibrate and move faster.
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1) domain, 2) alignment, 3) rubbing
a) When objects are in a straight line or arrangement
b) One way of creating a magnetc) The north and south poles of individual
atoms
d)
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Cutting a magnet.
• If you cut a magnet in half, you end up with two separate magnets each with a north and south pole.
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Types of magnets
• Temporary magnets are made from materials that are easy to magnetize but lose their magnetism easily.
• Permanent magnets are difficult to magnetize but stay magnetized for longer periods.
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1) permanent, 2) temporary
1) Hard to magnetize but hard to lose its magnetism
2) Easy to magnetize but easy to lose its magnetism
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Which shows what happens when you cut a magnet in half?
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2
3
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Earth as a Magnet
• The Earth rotates making the iron and nickel center build up magnetic charges.
• These charges move north and south creating a magnetic north and south pole which are close the geographic north and south poles.
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