CHAPTER 19 – THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD!

Page 504-518 Sections 1,2, and 3

So how did we become a world power…..

Section 1 – Looking Outward In the Gilded Age

(1870s to 1900s) the US looked inward at growth of cities, manufacturing, and business. But now approaching the Turn of the Century, America’s new challenge was abroad!

Early Expansion to the Distant East

Since the Opium Wars (1839-1842) England had enjoyed special trading rights with China but in 1844 President Tyler sent Caleb Cushing to secure the same traveling privileges for Americans. He won America “most favored nation status.” in the Treaty of Wanghia 1844.

Envoy- another name for diplomat

CHINA

Early Expansion to the Distant East

1852 President Fillmore sent Naval officer Commodore Matthew C. Perry to open up trade with a tough Japanese government who wanted to remain closed to foreign influences.

JAPAN

Early Expansion to the Distant East

Perry awed the Japanese with his great “Black Ships” and was firm and skillful in his diplomacy. Refusing to deal with minor officials he got two ports to open up to American trading in the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854).

JAPAN

Early Expansion to the Distant East

American traders had been there since 1790s and in 1820s whalers and missionaries had shown up. The islands were very important to Americans but when President Pierce tried to annex Hawaii in 1854 the treaty was not even sent to the Senate.

HAWAII

Early Expansion to the Distant East

The issue in 1854 was slavery… the same in Cuba, Alaska, and Lower California. But now in the late 1800s the Civil War was over and the slavery questions was out of the way. Expansion was no longer stopped by sectional rivalry.

HAWAII

Seward pursues expansion After Civil War, Sec. of

State Charles Seward championed expansion. Russia offered to sell Alaska and he jumped! He hoped it would repel the Russia monarchy away and also may lead to the British leaving Canada and it to becoming part of the United States Empire.

Alaska

Seward’s Folly / Seward’s Icebox

(the old RR) Senator Charles Sumner from Mass. Agreed with Seward and finally got the Senate to approve the Alaska treaty in 1867 to buy it for $7.2 Million. Not a bad price tag but the Union was still in debt $3 billion from the Civil War. But the gold from the Yukon Valley and the Alaskan North Oil Slope, alone have paid for it many times over, beyond the strategic importance Alaska has played.

Alaska

http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=April&Date=20

How much for that place too? In 1867 Seward offered to pay $7.5 million for the Danish West

Indies (now the Virgin Islands.) The Senate was slow to approve it but eventually the VI became a US protectorate for $25 million in 1917.

1917- we are buying a country to be part of us but we are against other countries taking over other countries by force

VIRGIN ISLANDS

The Alabama claims

America blamed Britain for making War Ships (like the Alabama) for the South during the Civil War and violating the international laws of neutrality. Seward wanted $19mil. Sumner wanted more than 2.1 bill.!! Britain said they were getting nothing. They agreed to go to arbitration in Switzerland with judges from Italy, Brazil, and Switz., they awarded 15.5 mil to the US and set a precedent for future claims.

Reperations-

Napoleon III’s Mexican Empire

Another problem area after Civil War was the many French Troops still in Mexico. Nap III (like his uncle) dreamed of a French North America. During the Civil War he sent an army and conquered Mexico and put in a “puppet” emperor – the young Austrian arch-duke Maximilian

Mexico

He should have left with the troops.

The US couldn’t do anything about it during the War but afterwards the 50,000 federal troops in Texas were ready to go there. Nap III backed down and pulled his troops back home but Maximilian actually thought he could hold out on his own but couldn’t and was put in front of a firing squad soon there after (1867).

Maximilian

The death of a dictator…

The United States and Samoa

On the remote Samoan island of Tutuila, American sailors had long been interested in the fine harbor of Pago Pago. It was in a place of strategic importance in the South Pacific and was important for both trading and military purposes.

US Samoa

US gets out there with Samoa.

US, Germany, and Great Britain almost went to war over the island. They met in 1889 in Berlin and agreed to make it a joint protectorate (ten years later GB withdrew) The islands were divided between US and Germany. The tiny Samoan Islands pushed the US into the tangles of strategic alliances on the world stage.

US Samoa

Problems with Chile The US also wanted to

open discussion with neighbors to the South but relations were strained. In 1891American sailors on leave from the cruiser Baltimore were attacked by a mob on the streets of Valparaiso, Chile. Two were killed, 18 injured. Chile refused to apologize and put the blame on the Americans.

Chile

The Beginning of a Big Stick Party On Jan 25, 1892, President

Harrison sent a special message to Congress seemed to invite a declaration of war on Chile. When a squadron of 8 US cruisers was readied in the South Pacific, the Chilean Government yielded. They apologized and agreed to pay damages to the families of the killed and wounded sailors.

Chile

Print a blank world map and label the countries talked about today with a small explanation of status in 1900 in relation to the growing US Empire.

HOMEWORK – ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY

What areas in the world are considered US territories…

It is important to remember these territories have different obligations and responsibilities as territories. Some are fully incorporated while others are unicoportated.

America Samoa, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Guam, Midway Island, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Petrel Islands, Puerto Rico, Serrailla Bank, US Virgin Islands, Wake Islands,

Click below…

Because you Asked…. So what is the deal with US Protectorates today in the year 2008?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:US_insular_areas.png

And even more so… check out are military bases.