The United States & World War II

The United States & World War IIMr. Pagliaro, Seymour High School, @PagsAPUSH

Germany Invaded the RhinelandMarch 7, 1936

Creation of Axis1939-Pact of Steel/Rome-Berlin Axis1940- Tripartite Pact

Neutrality ActsPassed in 1935, 36, 37, and 39Commitment to isolationismSupport from Washingtons Farewell1935-Arms embargo to belligerents1936-No loans; didnt cover civil wars1937-Arms embargo to Spain (civil war); cash & carry policy1939-Aid to help democracy w/ cash & carryFailed attempts to pass Ludlow Amendment

FDRs I hate war Speech (1936)

German Aggression

1934-German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact1936-39 Aid in Spanish Civil War1938-March:/ Austria annexed to German Third ReichSept.: Munich Pact signed by UK, France, Germany, ItalyGave Czech Sudetenland to Germany

Now we have peace in our time! Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.British Prime Minister Neville ChamberlainAppeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938

More German Agression1939-Aug: MolotovRibbentrop Pact-USSR/Germany-non-aggressionSept/Oct: Nazis invaded Poland

NON-AGGRESSION PACT

If Hitler had to fight the British and FrenchHitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide Poland.

World War II beganNazis Invaded France-June 1940Blitzkrieg offensiveElimination of France openedDenmarkNorwayNetherlandsBelgiumFailed in Battle of Britain July-Oct. 1940

BLITZKREIG

Attack with the Luftwaffe (Airforce)Fighters (air superiority)Stuka (Dive bombers)BombersDestroy Communications (radio)Destroy Transportation (bridges, RR)Destroy Military Targets (bases, supply)

BLITZKRIEGStep One14BLITZKREIG

Next come the PANZERS (tanks)Hitlers military designers had developed extremely advanced tanks.Their tanks were light years ahead.Advance very quickly, and destroy any remaining targets that the Luftwaffe had left behind. (Comm, Trans, Military)

BLITZKRIEGStep Two15BLITZKREIG

Finally come the infantryThey had been training for several years and these troops were VERY ready.Hitlers troops were already battle experienced b/c of the Spanish Civil War.Their job was to MOP UP anything left.

BLITZKRIEGStep Three16BLITZKREIG

The Blitzkrieg was a style of battle, that had never been seen before.It was extremely successful, it was so overwhelming that no one had a defense to it.When other nations saw this attack they were not sure if Hitler was THAT good, or was Poland THAT badBLITZKRIEGConclusion17HITLER OVERRUNS EUROPECartoonist shows how Hitler walked through Europe unopposed.Hitlers blitzkrieg military tactics made his armies near impossible to stop.

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1940: Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands and France19American Aid1940-Bases for Destroyers w/ BritainConvoy system reinstated1941-Lend-Lease ActSale of military surplus to AlliesAid to Britain & USSRHitler attacked USSRAtlantic Charter Signed

AMERICAN NEUTRALITYDecember 16, 1940: Do you think it was a mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World War? Yes: 39% No 42% No opinion 19%21

22Great Britain......................$31 billionSoviet Union......................$11 billionFrance...............................$ 3 billionChina.................................$1.5 billionOther European.................$500 millionSouth America...................$400 million

The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941, US becomes the arsenal of democracy

lend leaseThe US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay out of war. It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940, the Soviet Union after Hitlers invasion in 1941 and China. The US became the arsenal of democracy.

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Back in the statesAmerican policies, elections, and their influence at the timeGood Neighbor Policy1933 FDR renounced right to intervene in Latin America1940 Havana ConferenceUS & 20 Latin American allies upheld Monroe DoctrineHold off German intervention in orphaned coloniesSee cartoon p. 836German-American Bund1930s American-Nazi AssociationAttacked:Roosevelt administrationJewish influencesCommunism "Moscow-directed"trade unions

America First Committee

Charles Lindbergh

FDR seeks 3rd termNomineeFranklin D. RooseveltWendell WillkiePartyDemocraticRepublicanHomestateNew YorkIndianaRunningmateHenry A. WallaceCharles L. McNaryElectoralvote44982Statescarried3810Popularvote27,313,94522,347,744Percentage54.7%44.7%

Promised to remain out of warJan. 1941- FDR Four freedomsSpeech; outlined:Freedom of speechand expressionFreedom of worshipFreedom from wantFreedom from fear

Pearl Harbor & Germany FirstAmerican entry into World War IIatlantic1

ATLANTIC CHARTERNazis invaded USSR, June 1941FDR and Winston Churchill meet on the USS Augusta in the North Atlantic to sign the Atlantic Charter, August 12, 1941. common principles The hopes for a better futurefor the world.

33atlantic1

FIRST, we seek not conquest of land or territory..SECOND, no territorial changes of land between nations.THIRD, Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government FOURTH, Access to raw materials for allFIFTH, World economic cooperation SIXTH, Freedom from fear and want SEVENTH, freedom of the seasEIGHTH, Disarmament of aggressorsNINTH, a United Nations for world peace.ATLANTIC CHARTER34

map/japan

36Japan & Pearl HarborJapan imported American steel, oil, gas 1940-Japan invaded Vietnam; FDR Embargo1941-Japanese assets frozen; no sale of gasJapan saw two optionsWithdraw from ManchuriaAttack US @ Pearl Harbor

Attempts at ResolutionJapanese Plan A: partial withdrawal from China 11/6/41Japanese Plan B: withdrawal from Vietnam IF America provided oil, stopped aid to China, and helped gain supplies from Dutch colonies 11/14/41American Hull Note: Secretary of StateCordell HullImmediate full withdrawal from Vietnam & ChinaEnd of embargo afterwards 11/26/41Japanese fleet set sail to attack Pearl Harbor on Nov. 25, 1941

Pearl Harbor

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Plane

Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941Japanese GoalImmobilize Pacific Fleet4 battleships sunk, 4 damaged, 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed, 2,402 men were killedand 1,282 woundedUnited States unified for war

Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that morning, consisting of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and various support ships.

USS Arizona (BB39) BattleshipUSS West Virginia (BB48) BattleshipUSS California (BB44) BattleshipUSS Oklahoma (BB37) BattleshipUSS Nevada (BB36) BattleshipUSS Pennsylvania (BB38) BattleshipUSS Tennessee (BB43) BattleshipUSS Maryland (BB46) BattleshipUSS Vestal (AR4) Repair shipUSS Neosho (AO23) OilerUSS Detroit (CL8) Light cruiserUSS Raleigh (CL7) Light cruiserUSS Utah (AG16) Target Ship USS Tangier (AV8) Seaplane Tender

DAY OF INFAMY43map/japan

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DAY OF INFAMYInfamy7

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After FDRs Day of Infamy speech asking for a declaration of war against Japan, Congress approved the declaration.FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on Dec. 8, 194146Germany FirstAmerica vowed to avenge Pearl HarborGermany First strategy:Defeat GermanyDont give up Britain/USSR guarded USAIf Nazis controlled Europe = unconquerableFull scale assault on Japan

Latin America, Philippines, and United States AlliancesDiplomacy and the Big ThreeLatin AmericaBased on Good Neighbor PolicyAid to protect Caribbean

PhilippinesAnti-imperialist sentiments in US & islandsUS pledged independence movement in 1935Gen. D. MacArthur sent to organize militaryBattle of the Philipines (1941-42)Battle of Bataan (1942) Bataan Death March

U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor,the Philippines March, 1942

76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.Bataan Death March: April, 1942American Propaganda

US retook Philippines in 1944

Paying for the War

Paying for the War

Paying for the War

Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph StalinThe Big Three

ConferencesCairo 1943China, GB, USA (no Stalin)Established Allied position on Japans EmpireTehran 1943Agreed to Operation Overlord (D-Day) & plans for UNYalta 1945Established conditions of Nazi surrenderDemilitarized Germany, divided it among GB, US, USSR, FRADiscussed Independent Poland; USSR entry vs. JapanPotsdam 1945Truman (not FDR)Goals: establishment of post-war order, peace treaties issues, and countering the effects of war

US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River: April 25, 1945

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Crematoria at Majdanek

Entrance to Auschwitz:Work Makes You FreeSlave Labor at Buchenwald

American Military Spending & Price ControlWartime MobilizationImpact of WarMilitary spending revived economyUnemployment plummetedCost of war industry ended DepressionWar Productions Board

Price ControlOPA (Office of Price Administration)Rationed consumer goodsGovernment price controls avoided inflation

War Production Board

OPA Posters/Ration Books

Office of War InformationWriters War Board

Propaganda Machine

WAR POSTERSposters

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DAY OF INFAMYInfamy976WAR POSTERSposters

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WAR POSTERSposters82Aiding Americas War EffortsAfrican Americans & WomenAfrican Americans during WWIIContinued migration to North & West1.6 Million moved from SouthExecutive order against discrimination in defense industryFair Employment Practices CommissionDouble V CampaignVictory overfascismabroad, and victory over discrimination at home

We call upon the president and congress to declare war on Japan and racial prejudice in our country. Certainly we should be strong enough to whip them both.-ThePittsburgh Courier

league cartoon1

6 million to work in industry

Baceros, Mexican workers brought to work in US

1.6 million Black families leave the South

Speeded up the assimilation of ethnic groups into American society.African Americans @ War2.9 Million registered for draft1 million served 50-125k in combatSegregated Units ie. Tuskegee Airmen

Womens Role during WWIIRosie the RiveterMarried women into workplace

RosieRosie the RiveterWAR POSTERSWomen manned the factories while the men went off to fight.

This helped lay the foundation for womens rights in the work world and helped us win the war..

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Japanese Internment and Korematsu v. United StatesCivil Liberties and Civil Rights during World War II

93Executive 9066EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066

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It took more than 40 years later before the U.S. admitted fault and began to make $20,000 reparations to camp survivors 1944 Supreme Court case, Korematsu vs. U.S., affirmed the constitutionality of this terrible act.107US 442nd Combat Regiment

Manhattan Project and Trumans DecisionThe US and the Atomic BombManhattan ProjectFDR authorized atomic bombEinstein letter, 1939

Fat ManLittle BoyDropping the Atomic BombPresident Truman authorized bombing Hiroshima & Nagasaki 19453 months after V-E Day

Little Boy, Hiroshima, viewed from Enola Gay

Fat Man, NagasakiTrumans DecisionUse conventional weapons extra thousands American deathsShow force: Elicit Japanese surrenderPrevent Soviet interventionGain Soviet cooperation in postwar plans

Victory NewsreelsVE DayVJ DayVictory Parades