chapter 2 · 2018-03-16 · chapter 2 2.1 nominal: occupation, undergraduate major. ordinal: rating...

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Chapter 2

2.1 Nominal: Occupation, undergraduate major. Ordinal: Rating of university professor, Taste test ratings. Interval:

age, income

2.2 a Interval

b Interval

c Nominal

d Ordinal

2.3 a Interval

b Nominal

c Ordinal

d Interval

e Interval

2.4 a Nominal

b Interval

c Nominal

d Interval

e Ordinal

2.5 a Interval

b Interval

c Nominal

d Interval

e Nominal

2.6 a Interval

b Interval

c Nominal

d Ordinal

e Interval

2.7 a Interval

b Nominal

c. Nominal

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https://testbankuniv.eu/Statistics-for-Management-and-Economics-10th-Edition-Gerald-Keller-Solutions-Manual


d Interval

e Interval

f Ordinal

2.8 a Interval

b Ordinal

c Nominal

d Ordinal

2.9 a Interval

b Nominal

c Nominal

2.10 a Ordinal

b Ordinal

c Ordinal

2.11

0

50,000,000,000

100,000,000,000

150,000,000,000

200,000,000,000

250,000,000,000

300,000,000,000






2.12

2.13

Brazil1%

Canada13%

China1%

Iran10%

Iraq9%

Kazakhstan2%

Kuwait8%

Libya3%

Nigeria3%

Qatar2%

Russia4%

Saudi Arabia19%

United Arab Emirates

7%

United States2%

Venezuela16%

-

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000






2.14

2.15

Gasoline51%

Distillate fuel oil15%

Jet fuel13%

Still gas5%

Marketable coke5%

Residual fuel oil3%

Liquified refinery

gas

3%

Asphalt and road oil

2%

Lubricants1%

Other2%

Coal 48.0%

Oil28.8%

Natural gas17.6%

Nuclear0.0%

Hydroelectric1.2%

Biomass4.1%

Other0.3%






2.16

2.17

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Au

stra

lia

Au

stri

a

Be

lgiu

m

Bra

zil

Can

ada

Ch

ina

Egyp

t

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Ind

ia

Iran

Ital

y

Jap

an

Me

xico

Net

her

lan

ds

Po

lan

d

Ru

ssia

Sou

th A

fric

a

Sou

th K

ore

a

Spai

n

Taiw

an

Turk

ey

Ukr

ain

e

Un

ite

d K

ingd

om

Un

ite

d S

tate

s






2.18

2.19

Residential

Paper and paperboard

28%

Glass5%

Metals9%

Plastics12%

Food scraps14%

Yard trimmings14%

Other18%

Recycled Plastic, 1%

Recycled Glass, 3%

Recycled Paper, 14%

Recycled Metal, 1%

Recycled Organic/Food,

7%

Recycled Organic/ Yard,

10%

Recycled Other, 4%

Disposed Plastic, 7%

Discposed Paper, 12%

Disposed Metal, 2%

Disposed Organic, 23%

Disposed Other, 17%






Non-Residential

2.20 a.

Recycled Glass , 1%

Recycled Paper, 11%

Recycled Metal, 3% Recycled

Organic, 1%

Recycled Construction/Dem

olition, 1%

Recycled Other, 1%

Disposed Plastic, 10%

Disposed Glass, 3%

Disposed Paper, 31%

Disposed Metal, 8%

Disposed Organic, 18%

Disposed Construction/Dem

olition, 7%

Disposed Other, 6%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800






b.

c. The bar chart provides the frequencies and the pie chart displays the relative frequencies.

Algeria4% Angola

5%

Canada25%

Colombia4%

Iraq5%

Kuwait3%

Mexico15%

Nigeria13%

Saudi Arabia14%

Venezuela12%






2.21

Males

Females

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

Under 18 18-24 25-34 35-45 45-64

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

Under 18 18-24 25-34 35-45 45-64






2.22

2.23

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Four tickets

Parking Two ball caps

Two beers Two drinks Four hot dogs

NFL

CFL

0

1

2

3

4

5

6






2.24

2.25

Buy something40%

Pay down debt27%

Invest19%

Pay medical bills6%

Save5%

Other3%

Home improvement

13%Appliances

3%Automobles

3%Clothing

8%

Electronics8%

Furniture3%

Gas19%

Spa/salon time3%

Groceries23%

Vacation11%

Impulse4%

Down payment house

2%






2.26

2.27

Location39%

Majors22%

Academic reputation

10%

Career focus16%

Community5%

Number of students

8%

Consumer guide52%

Dealership28%

Word of mouth12%

Internet8%






2.28

2.29 a Newspaper Frequency Relative Frequency

Daily News 141 .39

Post 128 .36

Times 32 .09

WSJ 59 .16

b

The Daily News and the Post dominate the market

Basement32%

Bathroom23%

Bedroom9%

Kitchen27%

Living/dining room

9%

New York Daily news39%

New York Post36%

New York Times9%

Wall Street Journal

16%






2.30a Degree Frequency

BA 88

BBA 37

B Eng 51

B Sc 24

Other 30

b.

c

d. About 4 applicants in 10 have the BA degree, about one-fifth have a BEng. and one-sixth have a BBA.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

B.A. B.B.A. B.Eng B.Sc. Other

B.A.38%

B.B.A.16%

B.Eng22%

B.Sc.11%

Other13%






2.31a

b

c Dell is most popular with 40% proportion, followed by other, 26%, IBM, 21% and Compaq, 13%.

2.32 a Software Frequency

Excel 34

Minitab 17

SAS 3

SPSS 4

Other 12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

IBM Compaq Dell Other

IBM21%

Compaq13%

Dell40%

Other26%






b

c Excel is the choice of about half the sample, one-quarter have opted for Minitab, and a small fraction chose SAS

and SPSS.

2.33

Excel49%

Minitab24%

SAS4%

SPSS6%

Other17%

Bud Light31%

Busch Light7%

Coors Light22%

Michelob Light4%

Miller Lite21%

Natural Light9%

Other6%






2.34

Three out of four Americans are White. Note that the survey did not separate Hispanics.

2.35

Half of American adults finished high school only. More than one-third received some kind of post-secondary

education.

White75%

Black15%

Other10%

Left high school15%

High school49%

junior college8%

Bachelor's degree

18%

Graduate degree

10%






2.36

Almost half the sample is married and about one out of four were never married.

2.37

Nine of out of 10 Americans classify themselves as middle or working class.

Married46%

Widowed8%

Divorced16%

Separated3%

Never married27%

Lower class10%

Working class44%

Middle class43%

Upper class3%






2.38

Three out of four Americans are White.

2.39

Half of American adults finished high school only. More than one-third received some kind of post-secondary

education.

White76%

Blck15%

Other9%

Left high school15%

High school49%

Junior college7%

Bachelor's degree

18%

Graduate degree

11%






2.40

The “Less than high school” category has remained constant, while the number of college graduates has increased.

2.41

The state and local consumption has increased rapidlycompared to the other categories.

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

1995 2000 2005 2010

Less than high school

High school

Some college

College graduate

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

1995

2000

2005

2008






2.42 Australian Energy Sources

New Zealand Energy Sources

The dominant source in Australia is coal. In New Zealand it is oil.

Coal 48.0%

Oil28.8%

Natural gas17.6%

Nuclear0.0%

Hydroelectric1.2%

Biomass4.1%

Other0.3%

Coal 7.0%

Oil34.3%

Natural gas29.1%

Nuclear0.0%

Hydroelectric10.1%

Biomass4.4%

Other15.1%






2.43

Street crime has decreased while all the other categories have remained constant.

2.44

Universities 1 and 2 are similar and quite dissimilar from universities 3 and 4, which also differ. The two nominal

variables appear to be related.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Year 1995

Year 2000

Year 2005

Year 2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

University 1 University 2 University 3 University 4

B.A.

B.Eng

B.B.A.

Other






2.45

The column proportions are similar; the two nominal variables appear to be unrelated. There does not appear to be

any brand loyalty.

2.46

The two variables are related.






2.47

There are large differences between men and women in terms of the reason for unemployment.

2.48

The number of prescriptions filled by all stores except independent drug stores has increased.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Lost job Left job Reentrants New entrants

Men

Women

020406080

100120140160180200

Year 1995

Year 2000

Year 2005

Year 2010






2.49

There appears to be differences between female and male students in their choice of light beer.

2.50

More than 40% rate the food as less than good.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Male

Female

Poor15%

Fair27%

Good45%

Very good10%

Excellent3%






2.51

2.52 Canada

Manual18%

Computer and manual

38%

Computer44%

Google62%

Microsoft12%

Yahoo15%

Other11%






United States

There are considerable differences between the two countries.

2.53

More students disagree than agree.

Google36%

Microsoft16%

Yahoo30%

Other18%

Strongly disagree

15%

Disagree20%

Neither agree nor disagree

38%

Agree23%

Strongly agree4%






2.54

Customers with children rated the restaurant more highly than did customers with no children.

2.55

There is a great deal of variation between countries. Moreover some countries tax manufacturers more and some

countries tax services more. The United States has the highest corporate tax rates.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Poor Fair Good Very good Excellent

Children

No children

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Au

stra

lia

Au

stri

a

Be

lgiu

m

Can

ada

Cze

ch R

ep

ub

lic

De

nm

ark

Fin

lan

d

Fran

ce

Ge

rman

y

Gre

ece

Hu

nga

ry

Ice

lan

d

Ire

lan

d

Ital

y

Jap

an

Ko

rea

Luxe

mb

ou

rg

Me

xico

Ne

the

rlan

ds

Ne

w Z

eal

and

No

rway

Po

lan

d

Po

rtu

gal

Slo

vak

Spai

n

Swe

de

n

Swit

zerl

and

Turk

ey

Un

ite

d K

ingd

om

Un

ite

d S

tate

sManufacturers

Services

Aggregate






2.56

The United States owes a lot of money to many lenders.

0

1,000,000,000,000

2,000,000,000,000

3,000,000,000,000

4,000,000,000,000

5,000,000,000,000

6,000,000,000,000

U.S. Individuals and Institutions

30%

U.S. Social Security Trust Fund

17%U.S.

Federal Reserve

11%U.S. Civil Service Retirement Fund

5%

U.S. Military Retirement Fund

2%

China (including Hong Kong)

8%

Japan7%

Oil Exporters2%

Brazil2%

United Kingdom1%

All Other Countries

15%






2.57

Males and females differ in their areas of employment. Females tend to choose accounting marketing/sales and

males opt for finance.

b

Area and job satisfaction are related. Graduates who work in finance and general management appear to be more

satisfied than those in accounting, marketing/sales, and others.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Female

Male

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Very satisfied

Quite satisfied

Little satisfied

Not satisfied





chapter 2 · 2018-03-16 · chapter 2 2.1 nominal: occupation, undergraduate major. ordinal: rating...

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