chapter 2-england's attempts at colonization
TRANSCRIPT
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England Rises to Power
Queen Elizabeth I made England the
leader of Protestant states in Europe Established a powerful navy (Sea Dogs)
Sir Francis Drake and others looted Spanish shipsin an undeclared war on Spain
Defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588 andelevated England to the status of EuropeanSuperpower
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Englands Colonial Era Begins
1578- Sir Humphrey Gilbert persuaded
Elizabeth I to charter Englands firstcolonial venture
Failed attempt
1583- Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to
colonize America again Failed attempt- on the way back to England
his ship sank and he died along with his crew
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Englands Colonial Era Begins
1584- Sir Walter Raleigh
attempts to establish a colony inAmerica at Roanoke Island
Attempt fails when settlers
couldnt handle the cold winterand caught boat rides home withSir Francis Drake
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The Lost Colony of Roanoke
1587- Sir Walter Raleigh enlists the help
of a joint-stock company to send anothercolonial expedition to Roanoke Island
Supply ships could not leave England in 1588because of the war with Spain
When they finally reached Roanoke in 1590,the colonists were gone (nobody knowswhere)
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Reasons for English Colonies
The lure of gold and silver
The Northwest Passage to Asia Challenge Spains claims in the New
World
Raw materials to supply themanufacturing houses of England
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The Unknown Land
English colonial investors had to
sell America to the averageEnglish citizen through lies
The reality was
Hostile Indians Hideous and desolate wilderness
Hard work and determination would beneeded to make it successful
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Jamestown, Virginia- 1607
1st permanent English settlement inAmerica established in 1607
Virginia Company of London was grantedland from what is now New Jersey toSouth Carolina
Land was granted by King James I in 1606 Settlers sought out a deep water inlet
Chesapeake Bay- 32 miles up the James River
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Jamestown, Virginia- 1607
Settlers built the town on a low-lying
swamp Malaria-infested mosquitoes
Dysentery-infected water wells
No leader to direct the colony
Constant Indian raids
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Jamestown, Virginia
Captain John Smith
Stepped up to lead the colony Worked for peace with the Indians
Divided the land among the colonists
and instituted capitalistic idea ofprivate ownership
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Jamestown, Virginia- 1608-09
Virginia Company of London recruits
new colonists to sail to America andjoin the Jamestonians
John Smith is injured and returns to
England to heal Colony begins to suffer without
Smiths leadership
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Jamestown, Virginia- 1609-1610
Starving Time- Winter of
1609-10 where only 60 ofthe 500 settlers were left in
the spring
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Jamestown, Virginia- 1612
John Rolfe introduces
tobacco to the colony as acash crop
Resulted in the success of
Jamestown and the expansionof the colonists throughoutVirginia
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Jamestown, Virginia- 1619
Jamestown colonists gain more freedomsfrom the company back in England No longer under martial law
Settlers allowed to elect public officials andestablish the House of Burgesses
Respectable women arrive for marriage to
established settlers Slaves arrive from Africa (brought by the
Dutch)
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Jamestown, Virginia- 1619-1624
5,000 settlers arrive in Jamestown
Indentured Servitude Planters/settlers paid the way for other
settlers to come to Virginia in exchange
for years of forced labor until their debtwas paid off
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Jamestown, Virginia- 1622
Indian attack pushes the
colonists back to theoriginal site of
Jamestown
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Jamestown, Virginia- 1624
King James revokes the land
charter and makes Virginia aroyal colony (ruled by him
through an appointed governor)
Elected assembly continues toexist and work with the governor