Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 2 Installation OverviewOverview

Planning the InstallationPlanning the Installation

Questions:Questions:– Size of partitionsSize of partitions– Where to put partitionsWhere to put partitions– Which software packages to installWhich software packages to install– Install GUI or notInstall GUI or not

Hardware RequirementsHardware Requirements

RAM: 128 MB RAM for a 32 bit x86 RAM: 128 MB RAM for a 32 bit x86 system in text mode or 192-256 MB for system in text mode or 192-256 MB for GUIGUI

CPU: 200 MHz Pentium or equivCPU: 200 MHz Pentium or equiv

600 MB to 9 GB600 MB to 9 GB

Fedora Core or Red Hat Enterprise Fedora Core or Red Hat Enterprise Linux?Linux?

Fedora Project is sponsored by Red Hat Fedora Project is sponsored by Red Hat and supported by the open-source and supported by the open-source community. Releases every 6 months, community. Releases every 6 months, called Fedora Core, tests cutting-edge called Fedora Core, tests cutting-edge code – not for production environments. code – not for production environments. Red Hat is more stable and safer to use in Red Hat is more stable and safer to use in production environments.production environments.

Fresh Copy or Upgrading?Fresh Copy or Upgrading?

Upgrade attempts to preserve both system Upgrade attempts to preserve both system and user data files – brings utilities that and user data files – brings utilities that are present in the old version up-to-date are present in the old version up-to-date but does not install new utilities. Existing but does not install new utilities. Existing configuration files are preserves and new configuration files are preserves and new oned added with a .rpmnew extension.oned added with a .rpmnew extension.

Fresh installation is more stable than Fresh installation is more stable than upgrade (clean install)upgrade (clean install)

GUI or Text?GUI or Text?

Anaconda utility controls both types of Anaconda utility controls both types of installation.installation.

Setting up the Hard DiskSetting up the Hard Disk

Partition (slice) – a section of a hard disk Partition (slice) – a section of a hard disk that has a device name such as /dev/hda1 that has a device name such as /dev/hda1 so that it can be addressed independently. so that it can be addressed independently. Disk Druid can be used to create Disk Druid can be used to create partitions at installation timepartitions at installation timeLVM – Logical volumes (LV) can be set up LVM – Logical volumes (LV) can be set up to function like partitions, allowing LVM to function like partitions, allowing LVM (Logical Volume Manager) to change the (Logical Volume Manager) to change the size of volumes.size of volumes.

Setting up the Hard DiskSetting up the Hard Disk

File Systems – Before programs can be File Systems – Before programs can be written to a partition, a file system must be written to a partition, a file system must be present. mkfs writes a file system on a present. mkfs writes a file system on a partition. partition. – Red Hat – ext3Red Hat – ext3– Windows – Fat and NTFSWindows – Fat and NTFS– Apple – HFSApple – HFS

fsck checks the integrity of the file systemfsck checks the integrity of the file system

File System IndependenceFile System Independence

The state of one filesystem does not affect The state of one filesystem does not affect other filesystemsother filesystems

Primary and Extended PartitionsPrimary and Extended Partitions

Partitioning allows you to divide an IDE disk into Partitioning allows you to divide an IDE disk into up to 63 separate partitions or subdisks; a SCSI up to 63 separate partitions or subdisks; a SCSI disk may be partitioned into 15.disk may be partitioned into 15.Partition Rules:Partition Rules:– A disk can hold up to 4 primary partitionsA disk can hold up to 4 primary partitions– One of these primary partitions can be divided into One of these primary partitions can be divided into

multiple logical partitions called an extended partition. multiple logical partitions called an extended partition. Therefore, if you want more than 4 partitions on a Therefore, if you want more than 4 partitions on a drive, you must set up an extended partition.drive, you must set up an extended partition.

– A typical disk is divided into 3 primary partitions and 1 A typical disk is divided into 3 primary partitions and 1 extended partition. Establish the sizes of the 3 extended partition. Establish the sizes of the 3 primaries and the extended will take up the rest of the primaries and the extended will take up the rest of the disk.disk.

Partitioning a DiskPartitioning a Disk

During installation, Anaconda calls Disk During installation, Anaconda calls Disk Druid to set up disk partitions. (Druid = Druid to set up disk partitions. (Druid = wizard)wizard)

For more info: For more info: http:/http:/www.tldp.orgwww.tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/HOWTO/Partition

Planning PartitionsPlanning Partitions

Many people choose at least 3 partitions: Many people choose at least 3 partitions: – /boot 50-300MB – holds boot up info and /boot 50-300MB – holds boot up info and

other info that the system needs to boot. Red other info that the system needs to boot. Red Hat recommends at least 100 MBHat recommends at least 100 MB

– (swap) 512MB-2+GB(swap) 512MB-2+GB– / (root) – contains the remainder of the boot / (root) – contains the remainder of the boot

spacespace

Disadvantage – if DOS attack occurs, Disadvantage – if DOS attack occurs, entire root partition can fill upentire root partition can fill up

Additional Partition Additional Partition RecommendationsRecommendations

Consider setting up an LVM BEFORE you Consider setting up an LVM BEFORE you create partitions (LVs). LVM allows you to create partitions (LVs). LVM allows you to change partition sizes after the system is change partition sizes after the system is installed.installed.

Swap partition should be at least twice the Swap partition should be at least twice the size of RAM. Used for temporary storage size of RAM. Used for temporary storage when RAM is exceeded. (Min 512MB)when RAM is exceeded. (Min 512MB)

Recommended Partition/SizeRecommended Partition/Size

/boot – 100 MB or greater depending on size and /boot – 100 MB or greater depending on size and number of kernels to be storednumber of kernels to be storedSwap – twice the size of RAM; min of 512MBSwap – twice the size of RAM; min of 512MB/var – holds system logs which can grow in size /var – holds system logs which can grow in size tremendously. Very good idea to create a separate tremendously. Very good idea to create a separate partition. 500MB to 2GBpartition. 500MB to 2GB/home or /usr/home– good to keep user home directories /home or /usr/home– good to keep user home directories in their own partition in their own partition / (root) min of 1 GB/ (root) min of 1 GB/usr – useful if plan to export /usr to another system. /usr – useful if plan to export /usr to another system. Size depends on package installation. Min of 1.7-5.5 GBSize depends on package installation. Min of 1.7-5.5 GB/tmp – min of 500 MB/tmp – min of 500 MB

/boot placement/boot placement

On older systems, /boot partition must On older systems, /boot partition must reside completely below cylinder 1023 of reside completely below cylinder 1023 of the disk.the disk.When more than 1 hard disk, /boot must When more than 1 hard disk, /boot must reside:reside:– Multiple IDE or EIDE – primary controllerMultiple IDE or EIDE – primary controller– Multiple SCSI – ID0 or ID1Multiple SCSI – ID0 or ID1– Multiple IDE and SCSI – primary IDE or SCSI Multiple IDE and SCSI – primary IDE or SCSI

ID 0ID 0

Additional Partition ConsiderationsAdditional Partition Considerations

/usr/local and /opt – if many packages are /usr/local and /opt – if many packages are installedinstalled

RAIDRAID

Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Disks – uses 2 or more hard drives or partitions Disks – uses 2 or more hard drives or partitions in combination to improve fault tolerance and/or in combination to improve fault tolerance and/or performance. Applications and utilities see performance. Applications and utilities see these as a single logical device. Certain types these as a single logical device. Certain types can be used to spread data redundantly across can be used to spread data redundantly across the disks to protect data from hard drive failure. the disks to protect data from hard drive failure. RAID uses extensive CPU time. Fedora 5 RAID uses extensive CPU time. Fedora 5 introduced support for motherboard-based RAID introduced support for motherboard-based RAID chips through the dmraid driver set.chips through the dmraid driver set.

RAID LevelsRAID Levels

Disk Druid allows choices of:Disk Druid allows choices of:– RAID Level 0 (Striping) – improves performance but RAID Level 0 (Striping) – improves performance but

no redundancyno redundancy– RAID Level 1 (Mirroring) – simple redundancy, RAID Level 1 (Mirroring) – simple redundancy,

improves data reliability, and read-intensive apps. improves data reliability, and read-intensive apps. Storage capacity is equal to one of the disksStorage capacity is equal to one of the disks

– RAID Level 5 (Disk Striping with parity) – Provides RAID Level 5 (Disk Striping with parity) – Provides redundancy and improves performance. Storage redundancy and improves performance. Storage capacity equal to sum of all partition minus one of the capacity equal to sum of all partition minus one of the partitions.partitions.

– RAID Level 6 (Disk Striping with double parity) – RAID Level 6 (Disk Striping with double parity) – Improves upon level 5 by protecting data when 2 Improves upon level 5 by protecting data when 2 disks fail at once.disks fail at once.

LVM: Logical Volume ManagerLVM: Logical Volume Manager

LVM allows you to change the size of LVM allows you to change the size of logical volumes (LV), can use system-logical volumes (LV), can use system-config-lvm to make LVs smaller or larger config-lvm to make LVs smaller or larger without affecting data. You must choose without affecting data. You must choose to use LVM at the time you install the to use LVM at the time you install the system or add a disk, can’t apply to a disk system or add a disk, can’t apply to a disk full of data. Supports IDE or SCSI drives full of data. Supports IDE or SCSI drives as well as multiple devices using RAID.as well as multiple devices using RAID.

LVMLVM

LVM groups disk components (partitions, LVM groups disk components (partitions, hard disks, or storage device arrays) hard disks, or storage device arrays) called physical volumes (PVs), into a called physical volumes (PVs), into a storage pool or virtual disk, called a storage pool or virtual disk, called a volume group (VG) You allocate a portion volume group (VG) You allocate a portion of a VG to create a logical volume.of a VG to create a logical volume.

Figure 2-1 Figure 2-1 LVM: Logical LVM: Logical Volume ManagerVolume Manager

How the Installation WorksHow the Installation Works

Lab 1Lab 1

The Medium: Where Is the Source The Medium: Where Is the Source Data?Data?

Formats: Formats: – CDs, DVD, network hard diskCDs, DVD, network hard disk– CD or DVD image (ISO images)CD or DVD image (ISO images)

Sources:Sources:– CDs or DVDCDs or DVD

Red Hat Enterprise Linux – Sold by Red Hat and Red Hat Enterprise Linux – Sold by Red Hat and downloadable as ISO images downloadable as ISO images Fedora – DVD comes with book – no customer support, but Fedora – DVD comes with book – no customer support, but freefree

– Hard DiskHard Disk– NetworkNetwork

ISO Image FilesISO Image Files

Utilities such as BitTorrent can be used to Utilities such as BitTorrent can be used to download the ISO images. An ISO image download the ISO images. An ISO image is an exat image of what needs to be on is an exat image of what needs to be on the CD or DVD. Burning the CD or DVD the CD or DVD. Burning the CD or DVD involves using a special selection for involves using a special selection for burning an ISO image such as “Record burning an ISO image such as “Record CD from CD Image” or “Burn CD Image”. CD from CD Image” or “Burn CD Image”.

Rescue CDRescue CD

The rescue CD, the first installation CD, or The rescue CD, the first installation CD, or the installation DVD can be booted from to the installation DVD can be booted from to bring up the system in rescue mode.bring up the system in rescue mode.

Gather Information Before Gather Information Before InstallationInstallation

Hard disk – manufacturer, model number, sizeHard disk – manufacturer, model number, sizeMemoryMemorySCSI interface cardSCSI interface cardNICNICVideo card and amount of VRAMVideo card and amount of VRAMSound cardSound cardMouse (PS/2, USB, etc)Mouse (PS/2, USB, etc)MonitorMonitorIP addressesIP addresses– System hostnameSystem hostname– System addressSystem address– Network maskNetwork mask– Gateway addressGateway address– DNS addressesDNS addresses– Domain name (optional)Domain name (optional)