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Chapter 2Knowledge need to know before start a project

• Method of generating the concept• Method of decision making• Review the worth of a project• Communication methods

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Methods of generating concepts

1. Brainstorming as a source of ideas2. Using 6-3-5 method as a source of ideas3. The use of analogies in design4. Finding ideas in reference books and trade

journal5. using expert to help generate concept

The individual designer: A model of human information procession

Type of memory

• General knowledge• Domain-specific knowledge• Procedure knowledge

Type of knowledge

• Short term memory• Long term memory

Analogy

• Umbrella VS. removal of urinary calculi

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Nature system

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Velcro Fastener

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Methods of decision makingDecision matrix

• Step 1: choose the criteria for comparison. • Step 2: Develop Relative importance weightings• Step 3: Select Relative Importance Weightings• Step 4: Evaluate Alternatives .• Step 5 Compute Satisfaction

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Decision matrix

Criteria(requirement s or specification

importance Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3

Criterion 1 xx Evaluation of alternate 1 using criteria 1

Evaluation of alternate 2 using criteria 1

…….

Criterion 2 yy Evaluation of alternate 1 using criteria 2

Evaluation of alternate 2 using criteria 2

……..

……..

………

Satisfaction Score for Alternative 1

Score for Alternative 1

………

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Example:Using the decision matrix:

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Evaluation Based on advanced Decision matrix

• Step 1: choose the criteria for comparison. • Step 2: Develop Relative importance weightings• Step 3: Select Relative Importance Weightings• Step 4: Evaluate Alternatives .• Step 5 Compute SatisfactionSatisfaction =Σ(belief*importance weighting)

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Believe

Belief=confidence placed on an alternative’s ability to meet a target set by a criterion, requirement, or specification, base on current knowledge.

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Belief=p(k)*p(c)+(1-p(k))*(1-p(c))

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ExampleCriteria Importance Alternative

Linear guide Voice coil

1 Can support the optical system

50 0.77 0.3

2 Move fast 20 0.5 0.9

3 Can correct the light abbreviation

20 0.8 0.8

4 Can Do small adjustment 10 0.8 0.6

Satisfaction 62 55

Making a portfolio decision

• SA: strongly agree A; Agree N: neutral D: disagree SD: Strongly disagree• VC: Very certain C: Certain N: Neutral U: uncertain VU: very uncertain

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Review the worth of a projectBefore beginning a project

1. Is there a good potential return on investment?

2. Does the new product or improvement fit the company image?

3. Does it fit the distribution channels?4. Is there sufficient production capacity in-

house or with known vendors?5. What will the project cost?

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Communication methods• Design Record-design note book• Documents communicating with management-design

reviews• Documents communicating the final design-drawing of components and assemblies-written documentation to guide manufacturing,

assembly, inspection, installation, maintenance, retirement and quality control