chapter 20 section 1. christopher columbus hernan cortes’ conquistador francisco pizzaro colony...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 20 section 1
Christopher ColumbusHernan Cortes’Conquistador
Francisco Pizzaro
ColonyAtahualpaMestizo
Encomienda
KEY TERMS
October 12, 1492 land discovered
Reached the East Indies
Miscalculated where he was
Landed in the Bahamas
Called them Indians because he thought he landed in West
Indies
Claimed the land for Spain
San Salvador for Holy Savior
VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS
1493 returned to Spain
Columbus made three trips
17 ships and 1,000 soldiers
Became an empire builder
Turned Caribbean Islands into colonies
Colony- is land controlled by another country
THE VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS
Pedro Cabral- reached modern day Brazil
Amerigo Vespucci traveled the eastern shores of South
America
America was named in his honor
1519 Ferdinand Magellan
250 in five ships to sail around the world
Magellan killed in Guam
18 men and one ship made it back to Spain
OTHER EXPLORERS TAKE TO THE SEAS
Hispaniola and Cuba first settlements
Did not find much goldEcomienda –colonist given land and native Americans
They work the land for him
Had to teach them Christianity
Basis for all Spanish settlements
SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE
Hernan Cortes’- led an expedition to MexicoEnded in conquest of
the Aztec EmpireConquistador-conqueror term applied to Spanish
military leaders who fought the native
peoples
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
Montezuma II- Aztec leader
Was unpopular to the people he led
Cortez used the lack of popularity against himArrived at Tenochtitlan
with thousands of Native Americans and small band of Spanish
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
Women named Malintzin who joined Cortez as a
translatorAdvantages of the Spanish
Metal weapons
Heavy armor
Guns
First sight of horses induced terror
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
OverworkMistreatment
Diseases spread by Europeans
No natural defensesMillions would die
SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE
Disease kills thousandsNovember 8, 1519
Cortes’ enters MexicoTook emperor hostageMontezuma was killed
in a battleMonths of fighting
Cortez took the city and entire empire
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
Francisco Pizarro-led expedition to Peru and
the IncasDisease (small pox) had killed the emperor and
many peopleCivil war had broken outAtahualpa-took over the empire just before the
Spanish arrived
THE CONQUEST OF PERU
Atahualpa agreed to meet with the Spanish
Demanded that he accept Christianity and turn
over his empireTook Atahualpa prisoner
Killed him after they were paid a ransom
Destroyed Inca Army and took over the empire
THE CONQUEST OF PERU
Conquest of Mexico and Peru controlled a huge
empireViceroys- chosen by the king to rule large areas
in the kings nameEconomy based on
mining silver and goldSpanish drafted Native
Americans to work
LIFE IN THE SPANISH EMPIRE
Lived among the conquered people
Intermarriage was common
Mestizo- mixed Spanish and Native American
Conquered territory included
New Spain- part of Mexico and Guatemala
Central and South America
Caribbean
SPAIN’S PATTERN OF CONQUEST
Signed a treaty early in the exploration
Treaty of Tordesillas signed in 1494 drew an
imaginary line everything to the west was Spain to the east Portuguese (Brazil)
Brazils jungles made mining difficult
THE PORTUGUESE IN BRAZIL
1530’s colonists began to move in
Found little goldStarted sugar
productionEstablished huge farms and estates used Native
Americans then switched to African
slaves
THE PORTUGUESE ARRIVE IN BRAZIL
Spain’s became the richest, most powerful nation in the
1600’s
Golden age
Spain increased military might
Protected treasure ships
Spain also part of what is now the United States
SPAIN EXPANDS INFLUENCE
Southwestern United States
1513 Ponce de Leon explores Florida
1540-1541 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explores
Arizona
New Mexico
Texas
Oklahoma
Kansas
Missionaries sent to colonize
CONQUISTADORS PUSH NORTH
Catholic priests accompanied conquistadors
Priests came in search for converts
New Mexico governor names capitol
Santa Fe- Holy faith
Headquarters for advancing the Catholic faith
CONQUISTADORS PUSH NORTH
Disease and mistreatment took its toll
Killed 90% of the 50 million people(4 million
left)Bartolome de Las Casas-seeking to protect Native Americans recommended using African Slaves as
labor
OPPOSITION TO SPANISH RULE
Spanish government abolished ecomienda system in 1542
Opposition came from priests and Native Americans
1493 island of Saint Croix natives fired poison arrows at
Columbus
End of 17th century natives fought the Spanish
Spanish burned sacred objects and banned native rituals
AFRICAN SLAVERY AND NATIVE RESISTANCE
1680 Pope a Pueblo leader led 8,000 warriors all over
New Mexico to drive Spanish back to new Spain
Took Spanish 12 years to regain control
Other European nations started to establish colonies
in the Americas
AFRICAN SLAVERY AND NATIVE RESISTANCE